527 "serious damage": Christopher N. Breiseth, "Lincoln and Frederick Dougla.s.s: Another Debate," JISHS 68 (Feb. 1975): 1920.

527 a broad range: Allan G. Bogue, The Congressman's Civil War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 132141, provides an informed view of the nature and significance of Republican factionalism.

527 "give up the slaves": Richard Lowitt, A Merchant Prince of the Nineteenth Century: William E. Dodge (New York: Columbia University Press, 1954), pp. 222223.

528 "a competent leader": Browning, Diary, 1:676.

528 "he is a failure": Maurice G. Baxter, Orville H. Browning: Lincoln's Friend and Critic (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1957), p. 158.

528 "an impossibility": Thurlow Weed to F. W. Seward, Aug. 26, 1864, Seward MSS, UR.

528 "Slavery be abandoned": Thurlow Weed to W. H. Seward, Aug. 22, 1864, Lincoln MSS, LC.

528 "probable candidate": Abram Wakeman to AL, Aug. 12, 1864, Lincoln MSS, LC.

528 of the Union: Weed's editorial, "The Wade and Davis Letter," in Albany Evening Journal, enclosed in Ira Harris to AL, Aug. 15, 1864, Lincoln MSS, LC.

529 "from the start": James Kelly to W. H. Seward, Aug. 12, 1864, Lincoln MSS, LC.

529 "Port of New York": Charles Jones to AL, Aug. 21, 1864, Lincoln MSS, LC.

529 "hostile hands": Henry J. Raymond to AL, Aug. 22, 1864, Lincoln MSS, LC.

529 "badly beaten": Jessie Ames Marshall, ed., Private and Official Correspondence of Gen. Benjamin F. Butler (Norwood, Ma.s.s.: Plimpton Press, 1917), 5:35.

529 "save it afterwards": CW, 7:514.

529 "up the Union": CW, 8:149150.

530 "own conscience": Hay, Diary, p. 238.

530 "which they do": Noah Brooks, "Two War-Time Conventions," Century Magazine 49 (Mar. 1896): 732.

530 "of the States": Edward McPherson, The Political History of the United States of America During the Great Rebellion (3rd ed.; Washington, D.C.: Solomons & Chapman, 1876), pp. 419420.

530 defeat in the election: Joel H. Silbey, A Respectable Minority: The Democratic Party in the Civil War Era, 18601868 (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1977), chap. 5, offers a thoughtful a.n.a.lysis of the dynamics of the Democratic convention.

530 "wet blanket": Daniel Devlin to S. L. M. Barlow, Sept. 1, 1864, Barlow MSS, HEH.

530 "universally condemned": William Gray to George B. McClellan, Sept. 1, 1864, McClellan MSS, LC.

530 "their candiaate": George T. Curtis to George B. McClellan, Sept. 1, 1864, McClellan MSS, LC.

530 "had been in vain": McPherson, Political History, p. 421.

530 "twaddle and humbug": T. J. Barnett to S. L. M. Barlow, n.d. [c. Oct. 1, 1864], Barlow MSS, HEH.

530 "and fairly won": Sherman's telegram was sent on September 3 but was not received in Washington until the next day.