429 use: African-Americans: On Lincoln's decision to raise African-American troops, Dudley Taylor Cornish, The Sable Arm: Negro Troops in the Union Army, 18611865 (New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1956), is authoritative. Except where otherwise identified, all quotations in the following pages come from this book.

430 "time has come": Hamlin, Hannibal Hamlin, pp. 431432.

430 "it, if practicable": CW, 6:56.

430 "of all sorts": CW, 6:30.

430 citizens of the United States: For cancellation of contracts to colonize blacks, see New York Herald, Mar. 17, 1863, and CW, 6:41, 178179.

431 "be employed elsewhere": CW, 6:56.

431 "rebellion at once": CW, 6:149150.

431 often worked creakingly: The definitive study of Lincoln's interest in technology and of his efforts to introduce new armaments is Robert V. Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1956), on which I have drawn heavily in the following pages.

431 "to Mr. Capen": CW, 6:190191.

431 down land patents: William O. Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times (New York: Charles L. Webster & Co., 1892), pp. 3940.

432 "none anywhere else": Dahlgren, John A. Dahlgren, p. 390.

433 "as our hospitality": Joseph Hooker to AL, Apr. 3, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

433 "intelligent looking woman": Charles N. Walker and Rosemary Walker, eds., "Diary of the War of Robt. S. Robertson," Old Fort News 28 (Apr.-June 1965): 8990.

433 billowing behind him: For Noah Brooks's spirited, detailed account of Lincoln's visit to the army, see P. J. Staudenraus, ed., Mr. Lincoln's Washington (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1967), pp. 147164.

433 "inspire much admiration": Walker and Walker, "Diary of the War of Robt. S. Robertson," p. 90.

434 "in sp[l]endid condition": New York Herald, Apr. 11, 1863.

434 "prepared for the worst": Chicago Tribune, June 1, 1863.

434 "he is over-confident": Noah Brooks, Washington in Lincoln's Time (New York: Century Co., 1895), p. 52.

434 "to the main object": CW, 6:164165.

434 "all of your men": Robert Underwood Johnson and Clarence Clough Buel, eds., Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (New York: Century Co., 1890), 3:155.

434 "of intuitive sagacity": Welles, Diary, 1:265.

434 "not a repulse": New York Herald, Apr. 19, 1863.

435 "complaints of you": CW, 6:186.

435 "where is Stoneman?": CW, 6:197.

435 "to get facts": Welles, Diary, 1:291.