389 "dull to take hold": F. P. Blair, Sr., to Montgomery Blair, Nov. 7, 1862, Blair MSS, LC.

389 "inexpedient" to remove: Chase to Hiram Barney, Oct. 26, 1862, Chase MSS.

390 advance at Antietam: For McClellan's criticism of Burnside's performance at Antietam, see William Marvel, Burnside (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), pp. 145150.

390 ground for his own: For the high degree of Republican unanimity on measures relating to the war, see David Donald, "Devils Facing Zionwards," in Grady McWhiney, ed., Grant, Lee, Lincoln and the Radicals (Evanston, III.: Northwestern University Press, 1964), 7291. But for clearly visible Republican factionalism, which became more evident as the war dragged on, see Allan G. Bogue, The Earnest Men: Republicans of the Civil War Senate (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1981), esp. chap. 3.

391 in a single morning: C. Van Santvoord, "A Reception by President Lincoln," Century Magazine 25 (Feb. 1883): 612614.

392 "occurrences of the day": Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 187.

392 Indians in American history: Throughout this section I have relied heavily on David A. Nichols, Lincoln and the Indians: Civil War Policy and Politics (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1978), chaps. 68 and 13, and, except where otherwise indicated, all quotations are taken from this excellent monograph. The Civil War in the American West (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991), by Alvin M. Josephy, Jr., has also been very useful in helping me to understand the Sioux rebellion.

392 "cowardly, and shameful": Wallace J. Schutz and Walter N. Trenerry, Abandoned by Lincoln: A Military Biography of General John Pope (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990), p. 176.

393 "neglected race": CW, 5:173.

393 "Cherokee Nation": CW, 5:439.

393 "our red brethren": CW, 6:151152. This meeting was on Mar. 27, 1863.

394 man to his death: CW, 5:542543.

395 "before the Locos": O. J. Hollister, Life of Schuyler Colfax (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1886), p. 199.

395 Much of the message: The full text of the message is in CW, 5:518537.

396 "our military reach": Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren, Memoir of John A. Dahlgren (Boston: James R. Osgood & Co., 1882), p. 382.

396 "make them free": N. Worth Brown and Randolph C. Downes, eds., "A Conference with Abraham Lincoln: From the Diary of Reverend Nathan Brown," Northwest Ohio Quarterly 22 (Spring 1950): 6162.

397 "two thirds of the States": Chase to AL, Nov. 28, 1862, Lincoln MSS, LC.

397 from a "hallucination": Browning, Diary, 1:591.

397 "problem is solved": Davis to Leonard Swett, Nov. 26, 1862, Davis MSS, ISHL.

397 "proclamation of September 22": CW, 5:462463.

398 "the Apprentice System": T. J. Barnett to S. L. M. Barlow, Nov. 30, 1861, Barlow MSS, HEH.

398 "and extermination": CW, 2:240241.

398 "hope of earth": CW, 5:537.

399 "bad as all that": Henry Villard, Memoirs (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co, 1904), 1:389391.

399 "disgraceful termination": Hollister, Colfax, p. 203.