373 "and the people": Strong, Diary, p. 256; Samuel Galloway to AL, Sept. 4, 1862, Lincoln MSS, LC; Robert Laird Collier, Moral Heroism: Its Essentialness to the Crisis. A Sermon, Preached to the Wabash Ave. M.E. Church, Chicago, Sabbath Evening, August 3, 1862, pp. 78.

373 "all the cabinet": Garrett Davis to AL, Sept. 7, 1862, Lincoln MSS, LC.

373 "fatal concessions": Chase, Diary, p. 136.

373 in late September: Andrew, in Allan Nevins, The War for the Union (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1960), 2:240. For much further detail, and some speculation, on the Altoona conference, see William Best Hesseltine, Lincoln and the War Governors (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1948), chap. 13.

374 "as the Republicans": Browning to AL, Sept. 10, 1862, Lincoln MSS, LC.

374 "against the comet!": CW, 5:420.

374 "I will do it!": Ibid.

374 "cause of emanc.i.p.ation". Welles, Diary, 1:143.

374 had sent him: "Artemus Ward" was the pen name of Charles Farrar Browne. Lincoln read from the recently published Artemus Ward: His Book (1862).

375 "other minor matter": Chase, Diary, p. 150.

375 "feelings of... the people": Adam Gurowski, Diary, from March 4, 1861 to November 12, 1862 (Boston: Lee & Shepard, 1862), p. 278.

375 "forever free": CW, 5:433436.

375 "ought to take": Chase, Diary, pp. 150151.

375 "all my heart": Ibid.

376 "weight with him": Welles, Diary, 1:144.

376 "with difficulties": CW, 5:438.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN: A PUMPKIN IN EACH END OF MY BAG

Allan Nevins, The War for the Union (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1960), vol. 2, offers the most comprehensive survey of the period between the preliminary and the final Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamations. I have also found especially useful William Safire's Freedom (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1987). Though this account is fictional, it is abundantly doc.u.mented in Safire's "Underbook" of notes.

377 "his fellow man": Speed to WHH, Feb. 7, 1866, HWC.

377 "issued by man": Robert S. Harper, Lincoln and the Press (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1951), p. 177.

378 dozen hams: W. B. Lowry, H. Catlin, and J. F. Downing to AL, Sept. 23,1862; McKim to AL, Sept. 27, 1862; George Ca.s.saru to AL, Sept. 25,1862-all in Lincoln MSS, LC.

378 "other American man": Ralph L. Rusk, The Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1949), pp. 416417.

378 "side of the President": Donald, Sumner, p. 81.

378 "sound policy": CW, 5:441.