360 "the army safely?": CW, 5:310.

360 "magnitude of the crisis": McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 348.

361 "General-in-Chief": CW, 5:312313.

361 "General in the country": CW, 5:284.

361 recommended by General Scott: Wallace J. Schutz and Walter N. Trenerry, Abandoned by Lincoln: A Military Biography of General John Pope (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990), chap. 8.

361 his tacit approval: Kenneth P. Williams, Lincoln Finds a General (New York: Macmillan Co., 1949), 1:252254.

362 "no wise omit this": CW, 5:318319.

362 "lived in vain!": Francis Fisher Browne, The Every-day Life of Abraham Lincoln (Chicago: Browne & Howell Co., 1913), 2:423.

363 "must be done": Welles, Diary, 1:7071.

363 were "forever free": CW, 5:222.

363 "without consulting me": CW, 5:219.

363 "subdue the enemy": CW, 5:222, 421.

363 early as June 18: For a rather too circ.u.mstantial account of this conversation, see Charles E. Hamlin, The Life and Times of Hannibal Hamlin (Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Riverside Press, 1899), pp. 428429.

364 "slaves in the South": David Homer Bates, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office (New York: Century Co., 1907), pp. 138141. For a skeptical view of this account of the drafting of the Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation, see Mark E. Neely, Jr., The Last Best Hope of Earth: Abraham Lincoln and the Promise of America (Cambridge, Ma.s.s.: Harvard University Press, 1993), pp. 108109.

364 could enforce it: Louis M. Starr, Bohemian Brigade: Civil War Newsmen in Action (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1954), p. 125.

364 "lose the game!": Carpenter, Six Months, pp. 2022.

364 "the best policy": CW, 5:329330.

365 "within a state": CW, 5:329.

365 "it may exist": Browning, Diary, 1:555.

365 a historic occasion: Lincoln's own recollection of this meeting, as recorded by the artist Francis B. Carpenter, is in Carpenter, Six Months, pp. 2022. Chase's record is in Chase, Diary, pp. 98100; Stanton's memorandum, dated July 22, 1862, is in the Stanton MSS, LC. The first draft of the Emanc.i.p.ation Proclamation is in CW, 5:336337.

366 sympathy with the President: For Smith's views, see Nelson H. Loomis, "Mr. Lincoln's Cabinet by Hon. John P. Usher ... with a Foreword and a Sketch of the Life of the Author" [1924?], typed copy, A. J. Beveridge MSS, LC.

366 important border states: Benjamin P. Thomas and Harold M. Hyman, Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln's Secretary of War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962), p. 240; William Stuart to Lord Russell, Aug. 22, 1862, Stuart MSS, Public Records Office, London.

366 "after a victory": George Bemis, Diary, Nov. 15, 1862, Ma.s.sachusetts Historical Society.

366 "emanc.i.p.ating negroes": Ida M. Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1909), 2:113115; Leonard Swett to Laura Swett, Aug. 10, 1862, David Davis MSS, ISHL.

367 "necessaries of life": Private and Official Correspondence of Gen. Benjamin F. Butler During the Period of the Civil War (1917), 2:4142.