223 course on Lecompton: Ibid, pp. 292299.

224 "Go it bear!": Ibid, p. 301. For the origins of this jest, see P. M. Zall, ed, Abe Lincoln Laughing: Humorous Anecdotes from Original Sources by and About Abraham Lincoln (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), p. 20.

224 "and so on": Johannsen, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, p. 303.

224 "conditions in life": Ibid, pp. 315316.

224 "as a wrong": Ibid, p. 316.

224 "right of kings": Ibid, p. 319.

225 "the town together": Ibid, p. 42.

225 "starved to death": Ibid, p. 281.

225 "less of it": Ibid., p. 57.

225 "and the same": CW, 2:507.

225 on and on: Randall, Lincoln the President, 1:121122.

225 the English bill: Potter, The Impending Crisis, p. 325.

226 "controversy with him": Johannsen, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, p. 131.

226 "the most infamous treachery": Ibid, p. 100.

226 "discussed before you?": Ibid, p. 176.

226 "of ultimate extinction": Ibid, p. 265.

226 "negroes in Christendom": Ibid, p. 326. The Chicago Press and Tribune reported that Douglas said "n.i.g.g.e.rs in Christendom." Holzer, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, p. 367.

227 were closely divided: Bruce Collins, "The Lincoln-Douglas Contest of 1858 and Illinois' Electorate," Journal of American Studies 20 (Dec. 1986): 391420, offers an informed a.n.a.lysis of the returns. The map in Arthur C. Cole, The Era of the Civil War, 18481870 (Springfield: Illinois Centennial Commission, 1919), facing p. 178, graphically shows the distribution of votes.

227 both men appeared: Forest L. Whan, "Stephen A. Douglas," in William Norwood Brigance, ed, A History and Criticism of American Public Address (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1943), 2:823.

227 as a whole: Holzer, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, pp. 371373.

228 United States Senate: Fehrenbacher, Prelude to Greatness, pp. 118120, offers a clear explanation of this complicated subject.

228 "to their numbers": Rockford Register, Nov. 13, 1858. Claiming that Republican districts had, on an average, 19,655 inhabitants and Democratic districts only 15,675, the Illinois State Journal argued that, under a fair apportionment, Republicans would have had a majority of seven in the House of Representatives and three in the Senate. Douglas, it concluded, "was elected for the reason that 750 voters in 'Egypt' are an offset to 1000 in Canaan [i.e., northern Illinois]." Journal, Nov. 10, 1858.

228 carry key counties: I. H. Waters to O. M. Hatch, Nov. 3, 1858, Hatch MSS, ISHL.

228 "and other cities": WHH to Theodore Parker, Nov. 8, 1858, Herndon-Parker MSS, University of Iowa Library.

228 "than all others": G. W. Rives to O. M. Hatch, Nov. 10, 1858, Hatch MSS, ISHL.