=Collation.= An examination of a book to see if it is complete. May be done by signatures before book is bound. Must be done page by page in books which are to be rebound.

=Combs.= An instrument with wire teeth used in marbling.

=Compensating guards.= Short stubs bound in the back to equalize s.p.a.ce taken up by thick folded plates.

=Creaser.= The tool used in marking on each side of raised bands.

Generally made of steel.

=Cropped.= Term applied to books which have been trimmed too much.

=Crushed.= Term applied to leather, generally morocco, which has been pressed so that the surface, naturally grained, is made smooth.

=Cut edges.= See Edges cut.

=Cut flush.= In very cheap binding the book is trimmed after the cover is on and edges of boards are cut flush with the leaves.

=Cutter=, or =Cutting machine=. A machine used for tr.i.m.m.i.n.g the edges of books. Sometimes called guillotine.

=Cutting boards.= Boards similar to backing boards, except that they are not beveled. Used in tr.i.m.m.i.n.g.

=Cutting in boards.= See In boards.

=Cutting press.= The "lying press" turned over so that the runners are uppermost.

=Deckle edge.= The rough untrimmed edge of hand-made paper.

=Dentelle.= A form of book ornament which supposedly represents lace.

=Derome.= A style of ornament having dentelle border with small birds among the arabesques.

=Diaper.= A form of ornament consisting of a small pattern repeated in geometrical form.

=Divinity calf.= Dark brown calfskin blind-stamped and without gilding, formerly used in binding religious books.

=Divinity edges.= See Circuit edges.

=Die.= An engraved stamp used for stamping a design.

=Double.= See Doublure.

=Doubled.= A design is doubled when the finisher tries to make a second impression and the tool does not quite follow the lines of the first impression.

=Doublure.= The lined and decorated inside face of boards on fine bindings. When so lined the cover is said to be "double."

=Dummy.= 1. A book made up of blank leaves to show style of binding and grade of workmanship. 2. A piece of leather or cloth mounted on a board to show exact size and lettering of a periodical.

=Duodecimo.= Book printed on paper folded into twelve leaves. Generally written 12mo. Loosely applied to books from six to eight inches high.

=Dutch metal.= An imitation of gold leaf which soon tarnishes.

=Edges cut.= A book which has all edges trimmed smooth.

=Edges gilt.= All edges trimmed smooth and gilded.

=Edges opened.= A book which has the folds of leaves cut by hand with a paper knife, has its edges opened.

=Edges rolled.= The edges of the covers are marked with a roll.

=Edges trimmed.= Edges cut somewhat, but not enough to cut all the folds.

=Edges uncut.= Uncut edges have not been trimmed in any way, though they may have been opened with a paper knife.

=Edition de luxe.= Fine editions of books printed on large paper and handsomely bound. Many books so-called are in reality cheaply bound.

=Eighteenmo.= A book printed on paper folded into eighteen leaves. Not often found.

=Elephant folio.= See Folio.

=Embossing.= The process of producing raised designs by means of stamps.

Used in imitating leathers.

=End papers.= Folded sheets at the beginning and end of books, half of which are pasted to the boards. Sometimes called lining papers.

=Eve style.= Decorative design consisting of geometrical figures joined by interlaced circles. The figures contain flowers and the s.p.a.ce surrounding them contains scroll work and branches of laurel and palm.

=Extra binding.= Trade term for the best work.

=Fanfare style.= Leafy spirals interwoven with a delicate tracery over the cover.

=Fast.= Colors are fast to sunlight if they do not fade; to water if they do not wash off.

=Fillet.= 1. Plain lines stamped upon the back or cover of the book. 2.

The tool with which the work is done.

=Filling.= See Weft.

=Finishing.= 1. All processes after the book leaves the hand of the forwarder are known as finishing processes. 2. The ornaments stamped on a book.

=Finishing press.= A small wooden press with wooden screws which holds a book with the back up.

=Finishing stove.= A small gas or electric stove used for heating finishing tools.

=Flexible.= A form of binding in which the book is sewed on raised bands, the thread being pa.s.sed entirely around the bands.

=Flush cut.= See Cut flush.

=Fly leaves.= Blank leaves at the beginning and end of the book between end papers and the book itself.

=Folder.= 1. Small flat piece of bone used in folding sheets and in other binding processes. 2. Person engaged in folding sheets.