21 Incredibly, this information: Bremond received his first intimation of this via a cable from Field Marshal Joffre on November 27, 1916, as reproduced in Bremond, Le Hedjaz dans la Guerre Mondiale, p. 97.

22 "Very few Turkish": Storrs, Memoirs, p. 204.

23 "Is fond of riding": Lawrence, The Sherifs, October 27, 1916; PRO-FO 882/5, f. 40.

24 "His manner was dignified": Lawrence, Seven Pillars, p. 76.

25 "if Faisal should": Ibid., p. 77.

26 "Each hill and valley": Ibid., p. 83.

27 To Lawrence, it underscored: Lawrence made oblique reference to these previously unknown water sources in his contemporaneous reports, "Feisal's Operations," October 30, 1916, and "Military Notes," November 3, 1916; PRO-FO 882/5, f. 478, and f. 63.

Chapter 9: The Man Who Would Be Kingmaker.

1 "[Faisal] is hot tempered": Lawrence, The Sherifs, October 27, 1916; PRO-FO 882/5, f. 41.

2 By arguing for this: Wilson, Notes on the Military Situation in the Hedjaz, September 11, 1916; PRO-FO 882/4, f. 329.

3 "a man who can't stand the racket": Minutes of Conference held at Commander-in-Chief's Residence, Ismailia, September 12, 1916; PRO-FO 882/4, f. 333.

4 Noticing Lawrence had: Boyle, My Naval Life, p. 99.

5 "Red-haired men": Lawrence, Seven Pillars, p. 143.

6 Wingate fired off: Wingate to Foreign Office, November 2, 1916; PRO-WO 158/603.

7 As for just what size: Arabian Report no. 16 (November 2, 1916); PRO-CAB 17/177, p. 2. Also, Wilson to Arab Bureau, November 1, 1916; PRO-WO 158/603, f. 49A.

8 "proves that Rabegh": Parker to Arab Bureau, November 2, 1916; PRO-WO 158/603, f. 17b.

9 "[Faisal] talks a lot": Bremond report, January 2, 1917, as quoted by Tanenbaum, France and the Arab Middle East, p. 19.

10 "full of German stuff": Aaronsohn, Diary, October 25, 1916; ZY.

11 That effort badly backfired: Katz, The Aaronsohn Saga, p. 6.

12 "The game is in play": Aaronsohn, Diary, October 25, 1916; ZY.

13 In Copenhagen, he: Engle, The Nili Spies, p. 77.

14 "n.o.body can say": Aaronsohn "confession" to Julius Mack, October 9, 1916, pp. 12 13; ZY.

15 "If I were with the British": Thomson, My Experiences at Scotland Yard, pp. 22526, and The Scene Changes, pp. 38788.

16 "Here, I had the good": Aaronsohn to Alex and Rivka Aaronsohn, October 28, 1916; ZY.

17 "It was not easy": Lawrence, Seven Pillars, p. 57.

18 "moral and material": Wingate to Clayton, November 7, 1916; PRO-WO 158/603, f. 79A.

19 "they cannot provide": French Emba.s.sy (London) to Foreign Office, November 8, 1916, as quoted by Wilson, Lawrence of Arabia, p. 325.

20 The sirdar further: Wingate to Robertson, November 12, 1916, as repeated by Wingate to Murray, November 18, 1916; PRO-WO 158/627, f. 10A, p. 4.

21 "They are our very good": Lawrence, Report, November 17, 1916; PRO-WO 106/1511, f. 3436.

22 "They say, 'Above' ": Ibid.

23 In a fit of pique: Parker to Wingate, July 6, 1916; SADD Wingate Papers, W/138/3/69.

24 "There is no good": Minutes of Conference held at Commander-in-Chief's Residence, Ismailia, September 12, 1916; PRO-FO 882/4, f. 333.

25 "I was astonished": Lawrence, Seven Pillars, p. 112.

26 "I have just seen": Murray to Wingate, November 17, 1916; PRO-WO 158/627, f. 7A.

27 "said to have an intimate": Robertson, The Occupation of El Arish, November 19, 1916; PRO-WO 106/1511, f. 34.

28 "Captain Lawrence's statement": Sykes, Appreciation of Arabian Report, No. XVIII, November 20, 1916; PRO-CAB 17/177.

29 "whom I knew to be": Cited by Wilson, Lawrence, pp. 32728.

30 "They began to be": Lawrence, Seven Pillars, p. 112.

31 "there is apparently lack": Robertson to Murray, November 22, 1916; PRO-WO 158/604, f. 75A.

32 "I have always taken": Murray to Robertson, November 23, 1916; PRO-WO 158/604, f. 76A.

33 "If I brooded continually": Aaronsohn, Diary, November 11, 1916; ZY.

34 "Of course we do not": W.T.I.D., Report of Inhabitant of Athlit, November 2, 1916; PRO-FO 371/2783.

35 "I was probably too": Aaronsohn, Diary, November 24, 1916; ZY.

36 In March 1915: Schneer, The Balfour Declaration, pp. 13545.

37 "Arab Christians and Moslems alike": Sykes to Buchanan, March 14, 1916; PRO-FO 371/2767, File 938.

38 "I regret complicated": Ibid.

39 "obliterate from his": Edward Grey notes on Sykes's cable to Buchanan, March 15, 1916; PRO-FO 371/2767, File 938.

40 "If Rabbi Gaster": Adelson, Mark Sykes, p. 213.

41 "it would be reasonable": Friedman, The Question of Palestine, p. 122.

42 "FitzMaurice is": Aaronsohn, Diary, October 30, 1916; ZY.

43 "Pending Newcombe's arrival": Wingate to Clayton, November 11, 1916; PRO-WO 158/604, f. 18A.

44 "The already known state of mind": Joffre to Bremond, November 27, 1916, as cited by Bremond, Le Hedjaz dans la Guerre Mondiale, p. 97.

45 Perhaps calculating: Clayton to Wingate, November 23, 1916; SADD Wingate Papers, 143/6/44.

46 "I have no doubt": Wingate to Wilson, November 23, 1916; SADD Wingate Papers, 143/6/54.

47 "Lawrence wants kicking": Wilson to Clayton, November 22, 1916; SADD Clayton Papers, 470/5/7.

48 "I urged my complete": Lawrence, Seven Pillars, p. 114.

Chapter 10: Neatly in the Void.

1 "The situation is so": Lawrence to K. C. Cornwallis, December 12, 1916; PRO-WO 882/6, f. 25A.

2 "the flame-lit smoke": Lawrence, Seven Pillars, p. 118.

3 "There were hundreds": Ibid.

4 He'd conveyed his: Lawrence, Faisal's Operations, October 30, 1916; PRO-FO 882/5, f. 43.

5 "I had better preface": Lawrence to Clayton, December 5, 1916; PRO-FO 882/6, f. 6.

6 In his October reports: Lawrence, Military Notes: Possibilities, November 3, 1916; PRO-FO 882/5, f. 57.

7 "Their real sphere is": Lawrence, Faisal's Operations, October 30, 1916; PRO-FO 882/5, f. 44.

8 "don't use any of": Lawrence to Clayton, December 5, 1916; PRO-FO 882/6, f. 8.

9 "The Arabs, outside": Lawrence to Clayton, undated but December 11, 1916; PRO-FO 882/6, f. 123.

10 Without British troops: Wilson to Clayton, December 12, 1916; PRO-WO 158/604, f. 206A.

11 a "good dinner": Ballobar, Jerusalem in World War I, p. 98.

12 Tiring of his propaganda: Metternich to German Foreign Ministry, May 2, 1916; NARA T137, Roll 25, Frame 384.

13 "With all their war": Prfer, Vertraulich, August 6, 1915; NARA T137, Roll 24, Frames 79097.

14 There seemed to be: Prfer, Diary, May 8 and 14, 1916; HO.

15 "I rightly warned": Ibid., June 9, 1916.

16 "The situation in Arabia": Ibid., July 8, 1916.

17 "I am unwell": Ibid., May 13, 1916.

18 After several weeks': Nadolny to German Emba.s.sy/Constantinople, October 27, 1916; PAAA, Roll 21142, Der Weltkrieg no. 11g adh., Band 1.

19 As he complained in cables: Prfer to Central Office of German Foreign Ministry, January 22, 1917; PAAA, Roll 21142, Der Weltkrieg no. 11g adh., Band 1.

20 Having thus far failed: McKale, Curt Prfer, pp. 5051.

21 "I can see no alternative": Wingate to Foreign Office and Murray, December 14, 1916; PRO-WO 158/604, f. 211A.

22 There, and with far more: Lawrence first described the tempo of life in Faisal's camp in his October 30, 1916, report, "Feisal's Operations"; PRO-FO 882/5, f. 4251. This served as the basis of his description in Seven Pillars, Book 1, Chapters 14 and 15, and book 2, chapter 19.

23 "I heard [Faisal]": Lawrence to Clayton, December 5, 1916; PRO-FO 882/6, f. 7.

24 "One of the things": Lawrence to Clayton, December 5, 1916; PRO-FO 882/6, f. 6.

25 "I regard myself as": Lawrence to Clayton, December 11, 1916; PRO-FO 882/6, f 122.

26 "If I am to stay here": Lawrence to K. C. Cornwallis, December 27, 1917; PRO-FO 882/5, f. 25A.

27 "the present time": Loytved-Hardegg to unknown addressee, May 6, 1916; NARA T139, Roll 457.

28 A notable exception: In July 1915, a Major Rochus Schmidt complained that at the same time Djemal took great offense at emissaries of the Imperial Colonial Office wearing German uniforms while in Syria, he afforded "excellent treatment of English and French civilian detainees, who are guaranteed a large measure of freedom on his order." NARA T137, Reel 139, Frame 79.

29 To the cloistered faithful: Vester, Our Jerusalem, pp. 24354.

30 Similarly, Howard Bliss: Bliss to Edelman, March 11, 1917; NARA RG84, Entry 306, Volume 34.

31 "not to discuss Ottoman": Edelman to Elkus, January 20, 1917; NARA, ibid.

32 Despite the steadily worsening: Much of William Yale's account of life in wartime Jerusalem is taken from Yale, It Takes So Long, chapters 5 and 6.

33 "Faisal in front": Lawrence to Wilson, January 8, 1917; PRO-FO 882/6, f. 12728.

34 "I wish I had not": Lawrence, The Home Letters, p. 333.

35 "So I miss you": Brown, The Letters of T. E. Lawrence, p. 102.

36 During his long: Much of Aaronsohn's account of his early days in wartime Cairo is drawn from his Diary, December 1916 to January 1917; ZY.

37 "not only very intelligent": Aaronsohn, Diary, December 14, 1916; ZY.