TABLE LIV

JEWISH IMMIGRANTS REPORTING SKILLED OCCUPATIONS, 1899 TO 1910[1]

A. _Princ.i.p.al skilled occupations_

-----------------------------------+----------+------------ | | Per cent Occupation | Number | of total | | skilled -----------------------------------+----------+------------ Tailors | 145272 | 36.6 Carpenters, joiners, etc.[2] | 40901 | 10.3 Dressmakers and seamstresses[2] | 39482 | 10.0 Shoemakers | 23519 | 5.9 Clerks and accountants | 17066 | 4.3 Painters and glaziers | 16387 | 4.1 Butchers | 11413 | 2.9 Bakers | 10925 | 2.8 Locksmiths | 9385 | 2.4 Blacksmiths | 8517 | 2.2 -----------------------------------+----------+------------ Total | 322867 | 81.5 -----------------------------------+----------+------------

B. _Other skilled occupations_

--------------------------------------------------+-----------+-------- Occupation | Number | --------------------------------------------------+-----------+-------- Tinners | 6967 | Watch and clockmakers | 4444 | Tobacco workers | 4350 | Hat and capmakers | 4070 | Barbers and hairdressers | 4054 | Weavers and spinners | 3971 | Tanners and curriers | 3715 | Furriers and fur workers | 3144 | Bookbinders | 3009 | Masons | 2507 | Plumbers | 2455 | Saddlers and harness makers | 2311 | Milliners | 2291 | Metal workers (other than iron, steel and tin) | 2231 | Machinists | 1907 | Jewelers | 1837 | Millers | 1390 | Mechanics (not specified) | 1203 | Upholsterers | 1109 | Photographers | 1013 | Iron and steel workers | 604 | Textile workers (not specified) | 436 | Others | 13938 | --------------------------------------------------+-----------+-------- Total | 72956 | +-----------+ Grand total | 395823 | --------------------------------------------------+-----------+--------

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

[2] Seamstresses are included with dressmakers; cabinetmakers and woodworkers (not specified) with carpenters and joiners.

TABLE LV

OCCUPATIONS OF TOTAL EUROPEAN AND JEWISH IMMIGRANTS, 1899 TO 1909, AND PERCENTAGE JEWISH OF TOTAL[1]

--------------------+------------+------------+---------- Group | Total | Jewish |Per cent | immigrants | immigrants |of total --------------------+------------+------------+---------- Professional | 803222 | 6836 | 8.5 Skilled laborers | 1247674 | 362936 | 29.1 Farm laborers | 1290295 | 9633 | 0.1 Farmers | 841466 | 908 | 1.1 Common laborers | 2282565 | 66311 | 2.9 Servants | 890093 | 61611 | 6.9 No occupation | 2165287 | 445728 | 20.6 Miscellaneous | 172652 | 36219 | 21.0 --------------------+------------+------------+---------- Total | 8213034 | 990182 | 12.1 --------------------+------------+------------+----------

[1] From _Emigration Conditions in Europe_, p. 27.

TABLE LVI

TOTAL EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS[1] AND IMMIGRANTS WITHOUT OCCUPATION, 1899 TO 1910[2]

--------------------------+-----------+------------------+--------- | Total |Without occupation|Per cent People |Immigrants | (including women | of | | and children) | total --------------------------+-----------+------------------+--------- Jewish | 1074442 | 484175 | 45.1 Bohemian and Moravian | 100189 | 39700 | 39.5 Croatian and Slovenian | 355542 | 37219 | 11.1 English | 408614 | 158616 | 38.8 Finnish | 151774 | 28766 | 18.9 French | 115783 | 45745 | 39.5 German | 745375 | 296082 | 39.7 Greek | 216962 | 19244 | 8.9 Irish | 439724 | 63456 | 14.4 Italian, North | 372668 | 76046 | 20.4 Italian, South | 1911933 | 440274 | 23.0 Lithuanian | 175258 | 33718 | 19.2 Magyar | 338151 | 78875 | 23.3 Polish | 949064 | 200634 | 21.1 Ruthenian | 147375 | 18915 | 12.9 Scandinavian | 586306 | 111212 | 18.9 Scotch | 136842 | 47634 | 34.9 Slovak | 377527 | 87280 | 23.1 --------------------------+-----------+------------------+--------- Total | 9555673[3]| 2506713 | 26.2 --------------------------+-----------+------------------+---------

[1] All races with an immigration below 100,000 omitted.

[2] From _Statistical Review of Immigration_, p. 52.

[3] Total includes all races.

TABLE LVII

OCCUPATIONS OF EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS[1] REPORTING EMPLOYMENT, 1899 TO 1910[2]

----------------+----------+-------------------------------------------- | | Per cent | +------------+-----------+---------+--------- | | | |Laborers,| | Number |In | |including| | reporting|professional|In skilled |farm |Miscell- People |employment|occupations |occupations|laborers |aneous ----------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------+--------- Jewish | 590267 | 1.3 | 67.1 | 13.7 | 18.0 Bohemian and | | | | | Moravia | 60489 | 1.3 | 40.8 | 28.5 | 29.4 Bulgarian, | | | | | Servian and | | | | | Montenegrin | 90991 | .1 | 3.3 | 92.0 | 4.6 Croatian and | | | | | Slovenian | 298324 | .1 | 5.0 | 86.4 | 8.5 English | 249908 | 9.0 | 48.7 | 14.1 | 28.1 Finnish | 123008 | .3 | 6.0 | 67.2 | 26.5 French | 70038 | 9.3 | 34.5 | 26.0 | 30.2 German | 458293 | 3.5 | 30.0 | 37.7 | 28.8 Greek | 197718 | .3 | 7.7 | 86.2 | 5.8 Irish | 376268 | 1.3 | 12.6 | 35.2 | 50.9 Italian, North | 296622 | 1.1 | 20.4 | 66.5 | 12.0 Italian, South |1471659 | .4 | 14.6 | 77.0 | 7.9 Lithuanian | 141540 | .1 | 6.7 | 76.1 | 17.2 Magyar | 259276 | .5 | 8.6 | 77.5 | 13.4 Polish | 748430 | .2 | 6.3 | 75.3 | 18.1 Roumanian | 75531 | .2 | 2.7 | 93.8 | 3.3 Russian | 69986 | 1.4 | 9.1 | 82.7 | 6.8 Ruthenian | 128460 | .1 | 2.0 | 80.6 | 17.4 Scandinavian | 475094 | 1.2 | 20.5 | 43.8 | 34.5 Scotch | 89208 | 5.7 | 57.9 | 12.1 | 24.3 Slovak | 290247 | .1 | 4.4 | 80.0 | 15.5 ----------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------+--------- Total |7048953[3]| 1.4 | 20.2 | 79.3 | 19.1 ----------------+----------+------------+-----------+---------+---------

[1] All races with an immigration below 50,000 omitted.

[2] From _Statistical Review of Immigration_, p. 53.

[3] Total includes all races.

TABLE LVIII

OCCUPATIONS OF SLAVIC AND JEWISH IMMIGRANTS REPORTING EMPLOYMENT, 1899 TO 1910[1]

---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------- | | Per cent | +------------+-----------+----------+-------- | | | | Common | People | | | | laborers |Miscel- | No. |In |In |(including|laneous | reporting |professional|skilled | farm | |occupations|occupations |occupations| laborers)| ---------------+-----------+------------+-----------+----------+-------- Jewish | 590267 | 1.3 | 67.1 | 13.7 | 18.0 Bohemian and | | | | | Moravian | 60489 | 1.3 | 40.8 | 28.5 | 29.4 Bulgarian, | | | | | Servian and | | | | | Montenegrin | 90991 | .1 | 3.3 | 92.0 | 4.6 Croatian and | | | | | Slovenian | 298324 | .1 | 5.0 | 86.4 | 8.5 Polish | 748430 | .2 | 6.3 | 75.3 | 18.1 Russian | 69986 | 1.4 | 9.1 | 82.7 | 6.8 Ruthenian | 128460 | .1 | 2.0 | 80.6 | 17.4 Slovak | 290247 | .1 | 4.4 | 80.0 | 15.5 ---------------+-----------+------------+-----------+----------+--------

[1] From _Statistical Review of Immigration_, p. 53.

TABLE LIX

OCCUPATIONS OF "OLD" AND "NEW" IMMIGRATION (JEWISH EXCEPTED) AND OF JEWISH IMMIGRATION, 1899 TO 1909[1]

------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------- | |"New" immigration| Jewish |"Old" immigration|(Jewish excepted)| immigration Occupations +-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------- | Number| Per cent| Number| Per cent| Number| Per cent ------------------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------- Professional | 56406| 2.5 | 17080| .3 | 6836| .7 Skilled laborers | 442754| 19.5 | 441984| 8.9 | 362936| 36.7 Farm laborers | 138598| 6.1 |1142064| 23.1 | 9633| 1.0 Farmers | 40633| 1.8 | 42605| .9 | 908| .1 Common laborers | 402074| 17.7 |1814180| 36.7 | 66311| 6.7 Servants | 424698| 18.7 | 403784| 8.2 | 61611| 6.2 No occupation | 678510| 29.8 |1041049| 21.0 | 445728| 45.0 Miscellaneous | 90109| 4.0 | 46324| .9 | 36219| 3.7 ------------------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+--------- Total |2273782| 100.0 |4949070| 100.0 | 990182| 100.0 ------------------+-------+---------+-------+---------+-------+---------

[1] From _Emigration Conditions in Europe_, p. 29.

TABLE LX

ILLITERACY OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS, 1899 TO 1910[1]

---------+-----------------+-----------------------+----------- |Jewish immigrants| Jewish immigrant | Per cent Year | 14 years of age |illiterates[2] 14 years|illiterate | and over | of age and over | ---------+-----------------+-----------------------+----------- 1899 | 28428 | 5637 | 19.5 1900 | 47672 | 10607 | 22.2 1901 | 43367 | 10119 | 23.3 1902 | 42376 | 11921 | 28.1 1903 | 57159 | 14980 | 26.2 1904 | 82707 | 18763 | 22.6 1905 | 101357 | 22770 | 22.4 1906 | 110128 | 29444 | 26.7 1907 | 111486 | 31885 | 28.6 1908 | 77374 | 23217 | 30.3 1909 | 42341 | 12201 | 28.8 1910 | 62391 | 17963 | 28.8 ---------+-----------------+-----------------------+----------- Total | 806786 | 209507 | 26.0 ---------+-----------------+-----------------------+-----------

[1] From _Reports of Commissioner-General of Immigration_.

[2] Those who could neither read nor write.

TABLE LXI

s.e.x OF JEWISH IMMIGRANT ILLITERATES, 1908 TO 1912[1]

---------+---------------------+----------------------------------- | | Jewish immigrant illiterates | Jewish immigrants | 14 years of age and over | 14 years of age |-----------------+----------------- Year | and over | Number | Per cent |----------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------- | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female ---------+----------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------- 1908 | 43270 | 34104 | 9455 | 13762 | 21.9 | 40.4 1909 | 23452 | 18889 | 4832 | 7369 | 20.6 | 39.0 1910 | 35272 | 27120 | 7593 | 10370 | 21.5 | 38.2 1911 | 38018 | 31370 | 6453 | 10304 | 16.9 | 32.8 1912 | 32706 | 27799 | 5637 | 9498 | 17.2 | 34.2 ---------+----------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------- Total | 172718 | 139282 | 33970 | 51303 | 19.7 | 36.8 ---------+----------+----------+--------+--------+--------+--------

[1] In order to ascertain the number of males and females, 14 years of age and over, the number of Jewish immigrants under 14 years of age were distributed equally between the s.e.xes. Subtracting these respectively from the number of males and females, we obtain the above totals. Cf. _Report of New York State Commission on Immigration_, 1908, p. 171.

TABLE LXII

ILLITERACY OF EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS,[1] 1899 to 1910[2]

------------------------+---------------+--------------------------- | | Immigrant illiterates 14 | Immigrants 14 | years of age and over People | years of age +-------------+------------- | and over | Number | Per cent ------------------------+---------------+-------------+------------- Jewish | 806786 | 209507 | 26.0 Bohemian and Moravian | 79721 | 1322 | 1.7 Croatian and Slovenian | 320977 | 115785 | 36.1 English | 347458 | 3647 | 1.0 Finnish | 137916 | 1745 | 1.3 German | 625793 | 32236 | 5.2 Greek | 208608 | 55089 | 26.4 Irish | 416640 | 10721 | 2.6 Italian, North | 339301 | 38897 | 11.5 Italian, South | 1690376 | 911566 | 53.9 Lithuanian | 161441 | 79001 | 48.9 Magyar | 307082 | 35004 | 11.4 Polish | 861303 | 304675 | 35.4 Ruthenian | 140775 | 75165 | 53.4 Scandinavian | 530634 | 2221 | .4 Scotch | 115788 | 767 | .7 Slovak | 342583 | 82216 | 24.0 ------------------------+---------------+-------------+------------- Total[3] | 8398624 | 2238801 | 26.7 ------------------------+---------------+-------------+-------------

[1] All peoples with an immigration below 100,000 excluded, except the Bohemian and Moravian.

[2] From _Statistical Review of Immigration_, p. 51.