Pro-existence: n. Jesus' mode of existing for others in subst.i.tution for them. See subst.i.tution subst.i.tution.

Redaction: n. Technical term for composition or version of a biblical text.

Roman Liturgy: n. Properly speaking, the liturgy of the Roman Church. Also the liturgy of the overwhelming majority of Catholics in the West.

Salvation history: n. See history of salvation history of salvation.

Sanhedrin: n. Highest Jewish tribunal at the time of Jesus.

Satrap: n. Ruler of a province of the Persian Empire.

Septuagint: n. Greek translation of the Old Testament made by Jewish scholars in Alexandria around the middle of the third century B.C. B.C.

Shekinah: n. Hebrew for "dwelling." The special indwelling of divine presence.

Sicarian: n. From the Greek for "bandit" or "robber." Terroristic wing of the Zealot party.

Songs of the Suffering Servant: n. Pa.s.sages in Isaiah 42, 49, 50, and 52 referring to the Suffering Servant of G.o.d. See Suffering Servant of G.o.d Suffering Servant of G.o.d.

Suffering Servant of G.o.d: n. Mysterious figure appearing in chapters 42, 49, 50, and 52 of Isaiah thought to foreshadow Christ's vicarious suffering for the sins of the world.

Subst.i.tution: n. Christ's representing man before the Father and suffering vicariously for its sins.

Table fellowship: n. Here Jesus' eating with sinners and tax collectors (see Mk 2:15ff) continued in the Eucharist.

Talmud: n. Commentary on the Mishnah paired with the Bible as the core text of Jewish teaching. See Mishnah Mishnah.

Tent of Meeting: n. Tent serving as a movable temple during Israel's desert pilgrimage.

Theophany: n. An appearance of a G.o.d or of G.o.d, such as to Moses on Mount Sinai.

Theotokos: n. Greek for "G.o.d-bearer." t.i.tle of the Virgin Mary.

(Throne) Accession Psalms: n. Psalms (e.g., 47, 93, 9599) featuring the theme of G.o.d's kingship.

Torah: n. The divine Law recorded in the first five books of the Bible.

Trinitarian: adj. Pertaining to the Holy Trinity.

Troparia: n. Poetic hymns in the Byzantine liturgy pertinent to the feast of the day. See Byzantine liturgy, feast Byzantine liturgy, feast.

Vulgate: n. Latin translation of the Bible made by Saint Jerome in the late fourth and early fifth centuries.

Wisdom Literature: n. Collective t.i.tle for Ecclesiastes, Job, Proverbs, the Song of Solomon (or: Song of Songs), some Psalms, and, in the Catholic Bible, Sirach, Tobit, and Wisdom. These writings reflect on the great questions of human existence in the light of faith.

YHWH: n. Transliteration of the consonants of the Hebrew proper name of G.o.d.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

As explained in the Foreword, this book presupposes historical-critical exegesis and makes use of its findings, but it seeks to transcend this method and to arrive at a genuinely theological interpretation of the scriptural texts. It is not the aim here to enter into the debates of historical-critical research. I have therefore made no attempt to compile a comprehensive Bibliography, which would in any case be impossible. The t.i.tles of works cited in the book are briefly indicated in the text in parentheses; full bibliographical details are given below.

First of all, the following texts figure among the more important recent books on Jesus.

Joachim Gnilka. Jesus von Nazareth. Botschaft und Geschichte. Jesus von Nazareth. Botschaft und Geschichte. Herder, Freiburg, 1990. Herder, Freiburg, 1990.

Klaus Berger. Jesus. Jesus. Pattloch, Munich, 2004. On the basis of thorough exegetical knowledge, the author presents the figure and the message of Jesus in dialogue with the questions of the present time. Pattloch, Munich, 2004. On the basis of thorough exegetical knowledge, the author presents the figure and the message of Jesus in dialogue with the questions of the present time.

Heinz Schurmann. Jesus. Gestalt und Geheimnis. Jesus. Gestalt und Geheimnis. Ed. Klaus Scholtissek. Bonifatius, Paderborn, 1994. A collection of essays. Ed. Klaus Scholtissek. Bonifatius, Paderborn, 1994. A collection of essays.

John P. Meier. A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus. A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus. Doubleday, New York, 19912001. This several-volume work by an American Jesuit is in many respects a model of historical-critical exegesis, in which the significance and the limits of the method emerge clearly. It is worth reading the review by Jacob Neusner of volume 1, "Who Needs the Historical Jesus?" in: Doubleday, New York, 19912001. This several-volume work by an American Jesuit is in many respects a model of historical-critical exegesis, in which the significance and the limits of the method emerge clearly. It is worth reading the review by Jacob Neusner of volume 1, "Who Needs the Historical Jesus?" in: Chronicles, Chronicles, July 1993, pp. 3234. July 1993, pp. 3234.

Thomas Soding. Der Gottessohn aus Nazareth. Das Menschsein Jesu im Neuen Testament. Der Gottessohn aus Nazareth. Das Menschsein Jesu im Neuen Testament. Herder, Freiburg, 2006. The book does not attempt to reconstruct the historical Jesus, but it presents the faith testimony of the various New Testament writings. Herder, Freiburg, 2006. The book does not attempt to reconstruct the historical Jesus, but it presents the faith testimony of the various New Testament writings.

Rudolf Schnackenburg. Jesus in the Gospels: A Biblical Christology. Jesus in the Gospels: A Biblical Christology. Trans. O. C. Dean Jr. Westminster John Knox Press, Louisville, 1995. Schnackenburg followed this work, which is quoted in the Foreword of the present book, with a final, small, and very personal publication, Trans. O. C. Dean Jr. Westminster John Knox Press, Louisville, 1995. Schnackenburg followed this work, which is quoted in the Foreword of the present book, with a final, small, and very personal publication, Freundschaft mit Jesus Freundschaft mit Jesus (Freiburg, 1995), in which he "puts less emphasis on what can be recognized...than on the effects that Jesus brought about in the souls and hearts of men and women"-thereby, in Schnackenburg's own words, attempting "a balancing act between reason and experience" (pp. 7f.). (Freiburg, 1995), in which he "puts less emphasis on what can be recognized...than on the effects that Jesus brought about in the souls and hearts of men and women"-thereby, in Schnackenburg's own words, attempting "a balancing act between reason and experience" (pp. 7f.).

In the exegesis of the Gospels I rely princ.i.p.ally on the individual volumes of Herders Theologischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament, Herders Theologischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament, which unfortunately remains incomplete. which unfortunately remains incomplete.

Extensive material on the Jesus story can be found in the six-volume work La storia di Gesu, La storia di Gesu, Rizzoli, Milan, 198385. Rizzoli, Milan, 198385.

Chapter One: The Baptism of Jesus.

Paul Evdokimov. The Art of the Icon: A Theology of Beauty. The Art of the Icon: A Theology of Beauty. Oakwood Publications, Redondo Beach, Calif., 1990. On the theology of icons and patristic texts. Oakwood Publications, Redondo Beach, Calif., 1990. On the theology of icons and patristic texts.

Joachim Jeremias. "Amnos." In: Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1964, vol. 1, pp. 33840. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1964, vol. 1, pp. 33840.

Joachim Gnilka. Das Matthausevangelium. Erster Teil. Das Matthausevangelium. Erster Teil. Herder, Freiburg, 1986. Herder, Freiburg, 1986.

Romano Guardini. Das Wesen des Christentums-Die menschliche Wirklichkeit des Herrn. Beitrage zu einer Psychologie Jesu. Das Wesen des Christentums-Die menschliche Wirklichkeit des Herrn. Beitrage zu einer Psychologie Jesu. Matthias Grunewald, Mainz, 1991. Matthias Grunewald, Mainz, 1991.

Chapter Two: The Temptations of Jesus.

This chapter to a large extent comports with what I wrote in my book Unterwegs zu Jesus Christus Unterwegs zu Jesus Christus (Augsburg, 2003), pp. 8499, on Jesus' temptation. Further bibliography is indicated there. (Augsburg, 2003), pp. 8499, on Jesus' temptation. Further bibliography is indicated there.

Vladimir Soloviev. The Antichrist. The Antichrist. Trans. W. J. Barnes and H. H. Haynes. Floris Cla.s.sics, Edinburgh, 1982. Trans. W. J. Barnes and H. H. Haynes. Floris Cla.s.sics, Edinburgh, 1982.

Joachim Gnilka. Das Matthausevangelium. Erster Teil. Das Matthausevangelium. Erster Teil. Herder, Freiburg, 1986. Herder, Freiburg, 1986.

Chapter Three: The Gospel and the Kingdom of G.o.d.

Adolf von Harnack. What Is Christianity? What Is Christianity? Trans. Thomas Bailey Sanders. Fortress Press, Philadelphia, 1986. Trans. Thomas Bailey Sanders. Fortress Press, Philadelphia, 1986.

Jurgen Moltmann. Theology of Hope: On the Ground and the Implications of a Christian Eschatology. Theology of Hope: On the Ground and the Implications of a Christian Eschatology. Trans. James W. Leitch. SCM Press Ltd., London, 1967. Trans. James W. Leitch. SCM Press Ltd., London, 1967.

Peter Stuhlmacher. Biblische Theologie des Neuen Testaments, Biblische Theologie des Neuen Testaments, vol. 1: vol. 1: Grundlegung. Von Jesus zu Paulus; Grundlegung. Von Jesus zu Paulus; vol. 2: vol. 2: Von der Paulusschule bis zur Johannesoffenbarung. Von der Paulusschule bis zur Johannesoffenbarung. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Gottingen, 199299. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Gottingen, 199299.

Chapter Four: The Sermon on the Mount.

Jacob Neusner. A Rabbi Talks with Jesus. A Rabbi Talks with Jesus. McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal, 2000. McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal, 2000.

Joachim Gnilka. Das Matthausevangelium. Erster Teil. Das Matthausevangelium. Erster Teil. Herder, Freiburg, 1986. Herder, Freiburg, 1986.

Karl Elliger. Das Buch der zwolf Kleinen Propheten, Das Buch der zwolf Kleinen Propheten, vol. 2. Vol. 25 of vol. 2. Vol. 25 of Das Alte Testament Deutsch. Das Alte Testament Deutsch. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Gottingen, 1964 (5th ed.). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Gottingen, 1964 (5th ed.).

Erich d.i.n.kler. Signum Crucis. Aufsatze zum Neuen Testament und zur christlichen Archaologie. Signum Crucis. Aufsatze zum Neuen Testament und zur christlichen Archaologie. Mohr, Tubingen, 1967, pp. 154 (on the sign Mohr, Tubingen, 1967, pp. 154 (on the sign tau tau).

Bernard of Clairvaux. Sermones in Cantica Canticorum, Sermones in Cantica Canticorum, 26:5. See Bernard of Clairvaux, 26:5. See Bernard of Clairvaux, On the Song of Songs, On the Song of Songs, vol. 2, trans. Kilian Walsh (Kalamazoo, Mich., 1976), p. 63. Cf. on this text and its background Henri de Lubac, vol. 2, trans. Kilian Walsh (Kalamazoo, Mich., 1976), p. 63. Cf. on this text and its background Henri de Lubac, Histoire et Esprit. L'Intelligence de l'Ecriture selon Origene Histoire et Esprit. L'Intelligence de l'Ecriture selon Origene (Paris, 1950). (Paris, 1950).

For Friedrich Nietzsche's critique of Christianity, on which an extensive literature exists, I refer to Henri de Lubac, The Drama of Atheist Humanism, The Drama of Atheist Humanism, trans. Edith M. Riley (Cleveland, 1963), esp. pp. 1860. trans. Edith M. Riley (Cleveland, 1963), esp. pp. 1860.

For the section "Compromise and Prophetic Radicalism" I am indebted for the essential insights to two hitherto unpublished essays that Professor Olivier Artus prepared for the Pontifical Biblical Commission (Paris, 2003 and 2004). For the dialectic between the two types of law-casuistic and apodictic-he refers particularly to Frank Crusemann, Die Tora Die Tora (Munich, 1992). (Munich, 1992).

Chapter Five: The Lord's Prayer.

The literature on the Our Father is vast. For my exegesis I draw princ.i.p.ally upon Joachim Gnilka, Das Matthausevangelium. Erster Teil Das Matthausevangelium. Erster Teil (Freiburg, 1986). (Freiburg, 1986).

For the various interdisciplinary references some initial indications may be found in Florian Trenner, ed., Vater unser im Himmel Vater unser im Himmel (Munich, 2004). (Munich, 2004).

On the Jewish background: Meinrad Limbeck, Von Jesus beten lernen. Das Vaterunser auf dem Hintergrund des Alten Testamentes Von Jesus beten lernen. Das Vaterunser auf dem Hintergrund des Alten Testamentes (Stuttgart, 1980). (Stuttgart, 1980).

Jakob Josef Petuchowski and Michael Brocke. The Lord's Prayer and Jewish Liturgy. The Lord's Prayer and Jewish Liturgy. Burns & Oates, London, 1978. Burns & Oates, London, 1978.

From the great wealth of spiritual commentary I would single out the too little regarded late work by Romano Guardini, Gebet und Wahrheit. Meditationen uber das Vaterunser Gebet und Wahrheit. Meditationen uber das Vaterunser (Wurzburg, 1960; Mainz, 1988 [3rd ed.]). (Wurzburg, 1960; Mainz, 1988 [3rd ed.]).

Reinhold Schneider. Das Vaterunser. Das Vaterunser. Herder, Freiburg, 1947; 1979 (6th ed.). Herder, Freiburg, 1947; 1979 (6th ed.).

Peter-Hans Kolvenbach, S.J. Der osterliche Weg. Exerzitien zur Lebenserneuerung. Der osterliche Weg. Exerzitien zur Lebenserneuerung. Herder, Freiburg, 1988, pp. 63104. Herder, Freiburg, 1988, pp. 63104.

Carlo Maria Martini. Non sprecate parole. Esercizi spirituali con il Padre nostro. Non sprecate parole. Esercizi spirituali con il Padre nostro. Portalupi Editore, Casale Monferrato, 2005. Portalupi Editore, Casale Monferrato, 2005.

Among the commentaries on the Our Father by the Church Fathers, one of which I am particularly fond and which I therefore quote quite often is the one by Saint Cyprian of Carthage (c. 200258), De dominica oratione, De dominica oratione, in: in: Thasci Caecilli Cypriani Opera Omnia, CSEL Thasci Caecilli Cypriani Opera Omnia, CSEL III 1, pp. 265294. For an English edition, see III 1, pp. 265294. For an English edition, see The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, vol. 36, trans. and ed. Roy J. Deferrari (New York, 1958). vol. 36, trans. and ed. Roy J. Deferrari (New York, 1958).

On Revelation 1213, cf., for example, Gianfranco Ravasi, Apocalisse Apocalisse (Casale Monferrato, 2000 [2nd ed.]), pp. 10830. (Casale Monferrato, 2000 [2nd ed.]), pp. 10830.

Chapter Six: The Disciples.

Andre Feuillet. etudes d'exegese et de theologie biblique. Ancien Testament. etudes d'exegese et de theologie biblique. Ancien Testament. Gabalda, Paris, 1975. Gabalda, Paris, 1975.

Rudolf Pesch. Das Markusevangelium. Erster Teil. Das Markusevangelium. Erster Teil. Herder, Freiburg, 1976. Herder, Freiburg, 1976.

Heinrich Schlier. Der Brief an die Epheser. Ein Kommentar. Der Brief an die Epheser. Ein Kommentar. Patmos, Dusseldorf, 1958 (2nd ed.). Patmos, Dusseldorf, 1958 (2nd ed.).

Eugen Biser. Einweisung in das Christentum. Einweisung in das Christentum. Patmos, Dusseldorf, 1997. Patmos, Dusseldorf, 1997.

Chapter Seven: The Message of the Parables.

Joachim Jeremias. The Parables of Jesus. The Parables of Jesus. Trans. S. H. Hooke. SCM Press, London, 1963, rev. ed. Trans. S. H. Hooke. SCM Press, London, 1963, rev. ed.

Adolf Julicher. Die Gleichnisreden Jesu. Die Gleichnisreden Jesu. 2 vols. Mohr, Tubingen, 1899; 1910 (2nd ed.). 2 vols. Mohr, Tubingen, 1899; 1910 (2nd ed.).

Charles H. Dodd. The Parables of the Kingdom. The Parables of the Kingdom. Nisbet, London, 1938 (4th ed.). Nisbet, London, 1938 (4th ed.).