54 We follow in these figures the chronology which has been authorized by the government. Appendix I.

55 E. M. Satow, "Ancient Sepulchral Mounds in Kaudzuke," _Transactions of the Asiatic Society of j.a.pan_, vol. viii., pp. 11, 330.

56 Chamberlain's translation of _Kojiki_,-_Transactions of the Asiatic Society of j.a.pan_, vol. x., Supplement, p. 208.

57 The roads or circuits here spoken of refer to the roads constructed by the government along contiguous provinces and used for the pa.s.sage of troops and other government purposes. These circuits have continued in use down to the present time.

58 Yamato-hime or Yamato-princess had been appointed high priestess of the temples in Ise, and in that capacity had charge of the imperial regalia which were deposited there. She is a very celebrated person in j.a.panese legendary story and is said to have lived several hundred years.

See Chamberlain's translation of _Kojiki_, p. 183, note 7; _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. x., Supplement.

59 See p. 45.

60 See Satow's paper on the use of the fire drill in j.a.pan, _Transactions of Asiatic Society of j.a.pan_, vol. vii., p. 223.

61 It is one of the favorite subjects of j.a.panese art to represent the Princess Oto-Tachibana sitting upon a pile of mats and the boat with her husband sailing off in the quieted waters.

62 The name by which these savage tribes were designated was Yemishi; the name however is written in Chinese characters which signify Prawn-Barbarians; in allusion to their heavy beards which gave them the appearance of prawns. See p. 22.

63 See Chamberlain's translation of _Kojiki_,-_Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. x., Supplement, p. 218.

64 He is chiefly notable to foreigners because he is said to have lived through the reigns of three emperors and to have reached the age of three hundred years.

65 She is not included in the government list of emperors, and is given in Appendix I. as empress-regent.

66 See _Kokushian_, compiled under the Department of Education. _Ad Loc.u.m_.

67 See Appendix I.

_ 68 Transactions of the Asiatic Society of j.a.pan_, vol. x., Supplement.

69 E. M. Satow, _Transactions of the Asiatic Society of j.a.pan_, vol.

ii., p. 135.

70 E. M. Satow, _Transactions of the Asiatic Society of j.a.pan_, vol.

vi., p. 435.

71 Satow, "Ancient j.a.panese Rituals," _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. vii., p. 423.

72 E. M. Satow, _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. vii., p. 109.

73 Ditto, p. 119.

74 Cotton is said to have been brought to j.a.pan from India in the reign of the Emperor Kwammu, A.D. 800. T. B. Poate, _Transactions of the Asiatic Society of j.a.pan_, vol. iv., p. 146.

_ 75 Transactions of the Asiatic Society of j.a.pan_, vol. x., Supplement, pp. 39 and 40.

76 Henry von Siebold, _j.a.panese Archaeology_, Yokohama, 1879, p. 16. The diagram in the text is from this work on Archaeology, and shows the variety of jewels in use in prehistoric times.

77 For the so called cave dwellings see p. 68.

_ 78 Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. v., p. 110.

79 See p. 32.

80 In the _Kojiki_ it is said that the king of Kudara sent with Wani the _Confucian a.n.a.lects_ in ten volumes and the _Thousand Character Essay_ in one volume. It conflicts seriously with the chronology of this period to learn, as both Mr. Satow and Mr. Chamberlain have pointed out, that the _Thousand Character Essay_ was not written until two centuries after the date a.s.signed to the advent of Wani.

81 The _Kojiki's_ statement is that the elder brother was banished to Iyo.

82 The name, "Island of the Dragon-Fly" had already been given to the Main island by Jimmu Tenno.

83 In these early days a _muro_ or excavation of the earth, roofed with timber, was often used as a residence. See p. 68.

84 In this story the princes are represented as boys, but as they fled on the murder of their father by the Emperor Yuriyaku before his accession, this must have been at least twenty-eight years before; so that they could not have been less than forty years of age.

85 After the triumph of Buddhism a temple called Tennoji was erected near this place in honor of this image, which was miraculously rescued from the sea and is still preserved at this temple.

86 See the laws which he compiled and published as found in the 12th volume of _Dai Nihon Shi_, Appendix IV.

87 This must mean that improved methods of silk culture were introduced, for we have seen that this art was already known to the j.a.panese.

88 Bramsen's _j.a.panese Chronological Tables_, Tokio, 1880, p. 18.

89 The author is indebted to the valuable paper read before the Asiatic Society of j.a.pan by Willis Norton Whitney, M.D., for much of the information concerning medicine in j.a.pan.-_Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. xii., part iv., p. 329.

90 For an enumeration of these boards and the officers and duties of each, see Walter d.i.c.kson's _j.a.pan_, p. 72.

91 See a note by Mr. Satow in Adams' _History of j.a.pan_, London, vol.

i., p. 24.

_ 92 Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. iii., part i.

_ 93 Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. x., Supplement.

94 The _Kojiki_ has been translated into English by Professor B. H.

Chamberlain, _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. x., Supplement.

95 See Mori Arinori's introduction to _Education in j.a.pan_, New York, 1873, p. 17.

96 See a paper on "Abdication and Adoption," by Mr. Shigeno An-Eki, translated by Mr. Walter Dening, in _Asiatic Society Transactions_, vol. xv., p. 72.

97 His predecessor died A.D. 661, and there was an _interregnum_ during which Tenji was regent till A.D. 668, when he was made emperor.

98 See p. 47, note.

99 Quoted in Henry von Siebold's _j.a.panese Archaeology_, Yokohama 1879, p. 8.

100 See p. 58.