[248] Boyd Alexander, From the Niger to the Nile, Vol. II, pp. 127-130, 170. London, 1907.

[249] James Bryce, Impressions of South Africa, pp. 147, 150, 170-173.

New York, 1897.

[250] Alexander P. Engelhardt, A Russian Province of the North, pp. 135, 140-147, 165, 170. Translated from the Russian. London, 1899.

[251] For full and able discussion, see H. J. Mackinder, The Geographical Pivot of History, in the _Geographical Journal_, April, 1904. London.

[252] The Anglo-Russian Agreement, with map, in _The Independent_, October, 10, 1907.

[253] Spencer and Gillen, The Northern Tribes of Central Australia, p.

xii. London, 1904.

[254] Census of the Philippine Islands, Vol. I, p. 526; Vol II, pp.

34-35, 50-52 and map. Washington, 1903.

[255] Grote, History of Greece, Vol. II, pp. 225-226. New York, 1859.

[256] W.Z. Ripley, The Races of Europe, pp. 402-410, map. New York, 1899.

[257] Frederick J. Turner, The Significance of the Frontier in American History, in the _Annual Report of the American Historical Association_ for 1893, pp. 199-227. Washington, 1894.

[258] Hugh R. Mill, International Geography, pp. 150-152. New York, 1902.

[259] W.E. Griffis, The Mikado's Empire, Vol. I, pp. 75, 83. New York, 1903. Henry Dyer, Dai Nippon, pp. 59, 69. New York, 1904.

[260] Norway, Official Publication, pp. 4, 83, 99, and map. Christiania, 1900.

[261] D.G. Hogarth, The Nearer East, pp. 221-224, map. London, 1902.

[262] Heinrich von Treitschke, _Politik_, Vol. I, p. 224. Leipzig, 1897.

[263] Helmolt, History of the World, Vol. I, pp. 189-191. New York, 1902-1906.

[264] Eleventh Census, _Report on the Indians_, pp. 36-37. Washington, 1894.

[265] John Fiske, Old Virginia and her Neighbors, Vol. II, p. 299.

Boston, 1897.

[266] Eleventh Census, _Report on the Indians_, pp. 30-31. Washington, 1894.

[267] Dr. William Junker, Travels in Africa, 1882-1886, pp. 30, 31, 34, 37, 44, 50-54, 64, 94-95, 140, 145-148. London, 1892.

[268] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. III, pp. 193-195. London, 1896-1898.

[269] Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, Empire of the Tsars, Vol. I, pp. 124-129.

Hew York, 1893.

[270] D.G. Brinton, The American Race, p. 266. Philadelphia, 1901.

[271] Helmolt, History of the World, Vol. III, pp. 484, 485. New York, 1902-06.

[272] Nordenskiold, The Voyage of the Vega, p. 291. New York, 1882.

[273] H.M. Stanley, Through the Dark Continent, Vol. II, pp. 100-103, 218. In Darkest Africa, Vol. I, pp. 208, 261, 374-375; Vol. II, pp.

40-44.

[274] Georg Schweinfurth, The Heart of Africa, Vol. II, chap. XI, 3rd edition, London.

[275] Census of the Philippine Islands, Vol. I, pp. 411, 436, 532, 533.

Washington, 1903.

[276] Quatrefages, The Pygmies, pp. 24-51. New York, 1895.

[277] Sir T.H. Holdich, India, pp. 202-203, map. London, 1905.

[278] Darwin, Origin of Species, Vol. II, chap. XII. New York, 1895.

[279] Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, The Empire of the Tsars, Vol. I, pp.

66-70, maps facing pp. 64 and 80. New York, 1893.

[280] Eleventh Census of the United States, _Report on Population_, Part I, map p. 23. Washington, 1894.

[281] W.Z. Ripley, Races of Europe, Chapters 7, 8, 11. New York, 1899.

[282] H.R. Mill, International Geography, p. 910. New York, 1902.

[283] _Ibid._, pp. 832, 836.

[284] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. III, pp. 175, 257. London, 1896-1898.

[285] E.C. Semple, American History and its Geographic Conditions, pp.

280-287. Boston, 1903.

[286] C.E. Akers, History of South America, 1854-1894, pp. 501-502, 556-562. New York, 1904.

[287] E.A. Freeman, Historical Geography of Europe, p. 14. London, 1882.

[288] Helmolt, History of the World, Vol. VI, pp. 125-132, map. New York, 1902-1906. Ripley, Races of Europe, pp. 274, 297, 308, 472-473.

New York, 1899.

[289] H.J. Mackinder, Britain and the British Seas, pp. 183-191. London, 1904.

[290] W.Z. Ripley, Races of Europe, pp. 26, 353, 361-365. Map. New York, 1899.

[291] Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. I, 214-218. London, 1896-1898.