At one of his lectures last week at Warren's Academy, Professor William Windsor, LL. B., delineated the character of a skull submitted to him by one of the audience. The Professor recognized it instantly as that of one of the Cliff Dwellers, and proceeded to give a description of the individual to whom the skull belonged. A _Republican_ representative who was present, called on Professor Windsor at the Brunswick yesterday.

"The Cliff Dwellers," said Professor Windsor, "present a most interesting study to the anthropologist. I have examined the collection of relics on Larimer street, and I have here the skull I examined Tuesday evening, as well as two others kindly loaned to me by the proprietors of that collection."

"Can you tell anything of the mental characteristics of the wearers of these skulls, Professor?"

"Oh, yes," said the phrenologist, smiling. "The skull is an absolute index of the character, and, as long as it holds together, is a better monument than 'storied urn or animated bust' to those who have the skill to read it. The skulls of these Cliff Dwellers furnish us with much more accurate information than the other relics, concerning their habits and character.

"For example, one of their striking peculiarities is a decided talent for music. Nearly every skull in the collection shows it. After I had remarked this fact to the proprietor of the exhibit, Mr. McLoyd, showed me a very well-preserved fragment of a flute which is in the collection.

The skulls of these people, however, bear a more eloquent testimonial to their musical genius than this fragment of their musical instrument.

"The peculiar form of the Cliff Dweller's skull is produced by some custom of the tribe in binding the infant upon a board or other substance. This is proved by the fact that the flatness of the back head is uniformly at the same angle, and that the upper tables of the skull give evidence of abnormal pressure. There is also in this collection one skull which is an exception, and shows exactly the development we would expect to find in a normal form when such pressure was not applied. The skull is that of a young female, and in outline it is strikingly like that of the ordinary Caucasian skull. In fact, I would p.r.o.nounce it a Caucasian skull were it not for the structure of the superior maxillary bone, which shows a radical departure from the type of either of the five present races. The Cliff Dwellers are more like the Caucasian than the Indian, and more like the Hindoo than either. That they possessed a higher order of intellect than any Indian tribe of which we have knowledge does not admit of doubt.

"The most striking peculiarity of these skulls is their delicate and yet strong quality. The grain or texture of the bone is much more delicate and fine than the average of Caucasian skulls that belong to the uneducated cla.s.ses. The illumination of the skull discloses some interesting facts. It is well known to phrenologists that the skull is thinner in those regions that are most constantly used in the mental habits of the individual. The illumination of the skulls of these two youths (here Professor Windsor inserted a lighted taper in each) discloses a nearly uniform thinness of the entire skull, showing that they exercised all the faculties of the mind. The skull of this old warrior, however, presents a different appearance under the same test.

You will notice that the illumination is confined to that portion of the skull lying around the base of the brain, and running highest in the forehead. The conclusion to be drawn from this is that the individual who once wore this skull was a man of very practical intellect. The perceptive organs, the knowing and reasoning faculties, executive ability and the social organs of amativeness and friendship, particularly the latter, are all bright and particularly well developed.

"The abnormal width of the Cliff Dweller's skull through the middle section, and the ma.s.sive, dome-like forehead, is due in a measure to the crowding forward of the brain from the pressure which produced the flattening of the occiput. Any normal head with such a development would show a thinness of the bone in that region, whereas the opacity of the warrior's skull is remarkable in that region. If we may take the skull of this female, which has not been subjected to this pressure, as a type of the race, we are justified in considering the Cliff Dwellers as a people remarkably agreeable in traits of character. All the domestic propensities which form the basis of the family relation, the love of offspring, of friends and neighbors, are remarkably well developed.

There is a magnificent moral influence shown in the development of conscientiousness, approbativeness and caution. The latter organ is so large as to suggest cowardice, but these people undoubtedly lived in an age when circ.u.mspection and eternal vigilance was the price of existence as well as of liberty.

"I notice that the writer of the article on the Cliff Dwellers in last _Sunday's Republican_ makes the statement that they apparently had neither literature nor religion. He bases his a.s.sertions on the fact that he does not find altars or writings among their possessions. But appearances are against him. They apparently had both, from the structure of their skulls. The Cliff Dweller is largely endowed with the artistic and constructive organs of the brain with an unlimited capacity for invention and designing. Savage races far below him in these qualities have literature, and it is unreasonable to suppose that having these qualities both large and active, he did not use them. As to his religion, the single exception to the uniform opacity of the warrior's skull above mentioned in the crown of the head is in the organ of veneration. He did not have enough of spirituality and faith to supply a Methodist camp meeting, but he undoubtedly reverenced the Great Spirit and invoked the patronage of the G.o.d which he could comprehend. The other two skulls show as good a development of the religious organs as you will find in a general average of any Sunday-school in Denver. The Cliff Dwellers were undoubtedly religious.

"In physical structure the Cliff Dweller presents a greater variety than is found in any race except the Caucasian. Their warriors were undoubtedly men of great endurance and strong physique with a good size of body. There were also among them types of character delicate in the extreme and possessing but little endurance. As a race they depended on prudence rather than strength for safety. They were shrewd, circ.u.mspect and diplomatic. In complexion they were darker than the Caucasian and much lighter than the American Indian. In diet they were almost if not quite exclusively graminivorous, living on grain and eating that raw."

"How do you tell that? Professor," asked the scribe. "Isn't that getting things down very fine for so long a lapse of time?"

"Oh, no; just look at the teeth of all these skulls and you will see that they are worn--even these young skulls which have not developed the wisdom teeth have the molars half worn away. The canine teeth are almost rudimentary in these skulls--in the carnivorous races of men they are very large. The condition of these teeth could only be produced by such a diet. If the Cliff Dweller had subsisted to any extent on meat or had eaten his grain cooked, he would not have worn the teeth one-quarter as much at the age of these younger skulls. Moreover, he did not use tobacco, which also leaves its mark on the skull, in the deterioration of certain organs of the brain, which, to the credit of the Cliff Dwellers, are well developed.

"If it is true that--

'The evil that men do lives after them, The good is oft interred with their bones--'

it is equally true, that by resurrecting the bones we may read the history of both the evil and the good."

A PHRENOLOGICAL STUDY.

Henry W. Grady's Character a.n.a.lyzed by an Expert. What a Study of the Mask and of Photograph Shows--His Wonderful Brain and its Wonderful Capacity.

_Atlanta Const.i.tution._

"Yes, I have given the character of Henry W. Grady considerable study, as I do in the case of all men who attract public attention by their graces, gifts and accomplishments, or by the lack of those attributes."

The speaker was Professor William Windsor, LL. B., phrenologist and anthropologist, whose lectures last week at the Guard's armory interested the people of Atlanta in the study of human character.

"Mr. Grady has interested me ever since I first heard of him, and I had looked forward to meeting him personally here in Atlanta this winter, ever since my route was mapped out for the season. I feel a sense of personal bereavement in his death, for his characteristics were as vividly impressed upon my mind by the study I had made of the man as others experience from personal contact."

"Perhaps you can tell us something of the character of Mr. Grady as viewed from the standpoint of your science that will be interesting, Professor," suggested a representative of THE CONSt.i.tUTION, and the party of interested gentlemen drew more closely around the philosopher.

"Yes, indeed," answered Professor Windsor, "but to me the contemplation of the character of Mr. Grady, at this time, is too much like viewing the wreck of a grand ship which was freighted with a precious cargo, and trying to estimate the loss. There isn't much comfort in it, except in the fact that a correct estimate of the virtues and accomplishments of such a man, at a time when the community is still shocked at the calamity of his demise, is a powerful incentive to emulation on the part of other and younger men.

"From the phrenological standpoint Mr. Grady's characteristics present an interesting study, while his known accomplishments are a wonderful confirmation of the correctness of the theory upon which we estimate mental power, namely, that size of brain is the measure of power, when temperament, quality and health of body are sufficient to support the brain. Comprehensive greatness is never manifested by a small brain. I have been placed in possession of very accurate measurements of Mr.

Grady's head through the courtesy of Mr. Frazee, the Atlanta sculptor who has a cast of the face and forehead made from the body of Mr. Grady, and hence strictly correct in dimensions. I have also had the benefit of numerous photographs, in which the phrenological features are distinctly preserved.

"Mr. Grady possessed a strong endowment of the magnetic temperament which gives a strong circulation of blood and a great activity of mentality. His height and weight show him to have had sufficient vitality to sustain his brain, and there was just enough of the electric temperament in him to darken his eyes and hair and give him intensity of feeling and action. His quality was exceedingly responsive and delicate, and these attributes are necessary to the cla.s.s of orators to which he belonged.

"The size of his brain compares favorably with what is known of other intellectual giants, as the following measurements will demonstrate. The actual circ.u.mference of the head around the base of the brain was twenty-four inches. The measurement from ear to ear over the top of the head fifteen and a half inches, while the forehead measures from ear to ear over the perceptives twelve and a half inches, and from the same points over the region of sympathy fourteen inches. The ma.s.sing of the intellect, it will be seen, was in the upper portion of the forehead; and that region shows a remarkable development of benevolence, suavity, causality, comparison and imitation.

"The most remarkable development, however, is in the organ of constructiveness, which gives a lateral expansion to the forehead which is almost enormous. This faculty is necessary to the correlation of thoughts and ideas, the construction of sentences and the formation of schemes and plans. As an inventor, Mr. Grady was superb, and his large sympathy would naturally lead him to the invention of social plans and philanthropic enterprises rather than machinery.

"His large language is indicated by the fullness under the eye. The phrenological organ of language lies above and behind the eye, and when large presses the eyeball forward and downward causing a fullness or sack under the eye which is very prominent in Mr. Grady's portraits. In the power and scope of this feature he had more development than either Webster or Ingersoll.

"His large suavity enabled him to use his language in a way that pleased even his antagonists. Mr. Grady was emphatically combative, as shown by full development behind and between the ears, where the cast measures six inches in diameter, but it was the combativeness which showed itself in force and energy rather than contention. His combativeness was harnessed to his suavity, and he could be forcible and at the same time persuasive.

"These qualities were re-inforced by remarkable firmness, as shown by the measurement over the top of the head, where the development is a half-inch in excess of that of Daniel Webster, and a quarter inch above that of Napoleon Bonaparte. This characteristic is also shown in the projection forward of the lower lip, caused by habitual compression in the exercise of this faculty.

"In this connection, it is interesting to note a comparison of Mr.

Grady's head with the measurement of other noted personages. Here is a table which I have compiled, and which you will find entertaining,"

continued the phrenologist, as he unfolded a paper with the figures herewith reproduced:

_________________________________________________ | | | Size around | Size from ear | the head | to ear over NAME. | at base of | top of head | brain. | at organ of | | firmness.

___________________|_____________|_______________ | | Henry W. Grady | 24 in. | 15 in.

Henry Clay | 23 " | 14 "

Daniel Webster | 25 " | 15 "

John Quincy Adams | 22 " | 15 "

Thomas H. Benton | 23 " | 15 "

Napoleon Bonaparte | 23 " | 15 "

|_____________|_______________ | | Average | 23 in. | 15 in.

|_____________|_______________ | | Average of human | | race | 21 in. | 14 in.

____________________|_____________|_______________

"From these figures," continued Professor Windsor, "we may draw a melancholy conclusion of the power Mr. Grady might have exhibited had he lived to ripen into perfect development. It will be seen at once that only one of these distinguished characters had the advantage of him in size of brain at the base, and that is Daniel Webster, whose character was more remarkable for ponderous greatness than brilliancy, and Mr.

Grady's head rises a half inch higher than his in the moral region.

Between the two measurements there is a comparative difference of one and a half inches, in the heads of Webster and Grady. That inch and a half marks the difference between the debauched sensuality of the 'Lion of the North' and the moral graces of the 'Apostle of the New South.'

"The extra inch in the basilar circ.u.mference of the head of Daniel Webster was due to an enormous development of social propensities which in his case carried him beyond a correct balance and resulted in notorious licentiousness, because there was not enough of the moral sentiments in the crown of the head to control them. Mr. Grady's head, on the other hand, was not remarkable in the development of these propensities. He had enough of amativeness to give him a proper appreciation of women and the delights of sociability, but his love manifested itself more through the intellect than the pa.s.sions, and his social nature was of that diffusive character which manifests itself in the formation of popular attachment rather than exclusive friendships. There are many men undoubtedly to-day who pride themselves on being among the intimate friends of the deceased who would be surprised to know how many others have reason to entertain the same feeling. When the social propensities are larger than Mr. Grady's, the possessor is likely to form such exclusive attachments that the energies are expended in promoting the interests of individuals rather than those of the ma.s.ses."

"From your view of the nature of the man, Professor, what would you consider Mr. Grady's chief fault?"

"The lack of self-esteem. That organ is one of the smallest in the whole line of development, and was, unquestionably, his weakness, as it is unfortunately of too many of our best men. He did not comprehend his own importance, nor realize the value of his own personality. This defect is directly chargeable with his illness and death. Had he possessed a larger development of this organ, he would have been more cautious concerning his health and personal exposure. There is a kind of unselfish extravagance in this direction which leads to deplorable results. A more selfish nature will husband its strength and escape calamity. Had he realized his own value sufficiently, he would not have gone to Boston on that fatal trip, and overtaxed his vitality. He did not comprehend the dignity of his character on any occasion. His friends say that he was as genial and approachable as a school boy, and that is what I should expect to find in a head like his. We might have contented ourselves, however, with a more distant manner and a more haughty nature, for the sake of his self-preservation.

"There is profit in the study of human nature. We may contemplate the characters of the great to arouse emulation, of the moderately endowed to suggest improvement, and of the weak to guard against their failures.

Phrenology enables us to form correct estimates in each case, to praise without flattery and to criticise without injustice. There is value in the perpetuation of the physical forms of the ill.u.s.trious dead upon 'storied urn and animated bust,' as well as in polished granite and enduring marble. For while these monuments cannot

'Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath,'

still the inspired features and lines of development bear eloquent testimony to the practicability of human improvement, just as