Platonists, their more or less pantheistic conception of the Deity, i.

163.

Practical nature of their philosophy, 329.

The Platonic ethics ascendant in Rome, 331

Pleasure the only good, according to the Utilitarians, i. 7.

Ill.u.s.trations of the distinction between the higher and lower parts of our nature in our pleasures, 83-85.

Pleasures of a civilised compared with those of a semi-civilised society, 86.

Comparison of mental and physical pleasures, 87, 88.

Distinction in kind of pleasure, and its importance in morals, 89-91.

Neglected or denied by Utilitarian writers, 89, _note_

Pliny, the elder, on the probable happiness of the lower animals, i. 87, _note_.

On the Deity, 164.

On astrology, 171, and _note_, 164, _note_.

His disbelief in the immortality of the soul, 182.

His advocacy of suicide, 215.

Never mentions Christianity, 336.

His opinion of earthquakes, 369.

And of comets, 369.

His facility of belief, 370.

His denunciation of finger rings, ii. 148

Pliny, the younger, his desire for posthumous reputation, i. 185, _note_.

His picture of the ideal of Stoicism, 186.

His letter to Trajan respecting the Christians, 437.

His benevolence, 242; ii. 77

Plotinus, his condemnation of suicide, i. 214.

His philosophy, 330

Plutarch, his defence of the bad poetry of the oracles, 165, _note_.

His mode of moral teaching, 175.

Basis of his belief in the immortality of the soul, 204.

On superst.i.tious fear of death, 206.

His letter on the death of his little daughter, 242.

May justly be regarded as the leader of the eclectic school, 243.

His philosophy and works compared with those of Seneca, 243.

His treatise on "The Signs of Moral Progress," 249.

Compared and contrasted with Marcus Aurelius, 253.

How he regarded the games of the arena, 286.

His defence of the ancient creeds, 322.

Practical nature of his philosophy, 329.

Never mentions Christianity, 336.

His remarks on the domestic system of the ancients, 419.

On kindness to animals, ii. 165, 166.

His picture of Greek married life, 289

Pluto, meaning of, according to the Stoics, i. 163

Po, miracle of the subsidence of the waters of the, i. 382, _note_

Pmen, St., story of, and of his mother, ii. 129.

Legend of him and the lion, 169

Political economy, what it has accomplished respecting almsgiving, ii. 90

Political judgments, moral standard of most men in, lower than in private judgments, i. 151

Political truth, or habit of "fair play," the characteristic of free communities, i. 139.

Highly civilised form of society to which it belongs, 139.

Its growth r.e.t.a.r.ded by the opposition of theologians, 140

Polybius, his praise of the devotion and purity of creed of the Romans, i.

167

Polycarp, St., martyrdom of, i. 441

Polygamy, long continuance of, among the kings of Gaul, ii. 343

Pompeii, gladiatorial shows at, i. 276, _note_

Pompey, his destruction of the pirates, i. 234.

His multiplication of gladiatorial shows, 273

Poor-law system, elaboration of the, ii. 96.

Its pernicious results, 97, 99, 105

Poppaea, Empress, a Jewish proselyte, i. 386

Porcia, heroism of, ii. 309

Porphyry, his condemnation of suicides, i. 214.

His description of philosophy, i. 326.

His adoption of Neoplatonism, i. 330

Possevin, his exposure of the Sibylline books, i. 377

Pothinus, martyrdom of, i. 442

Power, origin of the desire of, i. 23, 26

Praise, a.s.sociation of ideas leading to the desire for even posthumous, i.

26

Prayer, reflex influence upon the minds of the worshippers, i. 36

Preachers, Stoic, among the Romans, i. 308, 309