After returning to bed Pendar, Adventure in Diplomacy, 152.

He talked of a future Ibid., 153.

"Now, Pendar" Ibid., 154.

code name was "Mr. Bullfinch" WAC, 477.

"I am following your movements" Ibid.

Eleanor was also waiting "anxiously" TIR, 280.

Churchill came down with pneumonia WSC, VII, 343.

Roosevelt found himself Burns, The Soldier of Freedom, 324.

"I think I picked up" C & R, II, 156157.

"Many happy and glorious" Ibid., 127.

"Gone are the days" The New York Times, January 30, 1943.

CHAPTER 8: I KNOW HE MEANS TO MEET STALIN.

Roosevelt asked him whether the Belgian refugees Henry A. Wallace Diary, May 24, 1943.

a new Signal Corps film Boettiger Papers, Box 5, FDRL.

"bitter season" Harriman and Abel, Special Envoy, 199.

George Elsey was alone Author interview with George Elsey.

the British agreed Burns, The Soldier of Freedom, 370.

"Someone called No. 10" Henry A. Wallace Diary, April 11, 1944.

"Here was Winston Churchill" Author interview with George Elsey.

"the big man in the war" Author interview with Trude Lash.

"Once again the pace and strain" CCTBOM, 440.

John Boettiger . . . was going TIR, 287.

"I imagine every mother felt" Ibid., 292.

She told him about WAC, 480.

Eleanor, Churchill said Ibid., 483.

who had married the wealthy Winthrop Rutherfurd in early 1920 In a letter to Sara Roosevelt on February 14, 1920, Eleanor had written: "Did you know Lucy Mercer married Mr. Wintie Rutherfurd two days ago?" See Lash, Eleanor and Franklin, 227. To Eleanor, the event may have seemed to close that terrible chapter in her marriage. It would take her a quarter of a century to find out that it had not.

Eleanor was unaware Joseph Lash, Mrs. Roosevelt's friend and biographer, called her ultimate knowledge of the connection-which came on the day the president died in 1945-"a bitter discovery." Ibid., 722. Lash understood why so many in FDR's circle kept the news from her through the years, but added: "Yet for a woman who was intransigent about knowing the truth and facing up to it, such a deception, if and when she learned of it, would prove to be almost the final indignity. Franklin knew that even if no one else did." Ibid., 700.

Lucy "brought him to Washington" Alsop, FDR: A Centenary Remembrance, 72.

family members recall Confidential author interviews.

with a particularly good doctor at Walter Reed Hospital Ibid. Also see Lucy Rutherfurd to Eleanor Roosevelt, May 2, 1945; File: Russey-Ruz; General Correspondence, 19451952; Eleanor Roosevelt Papers, Part II: April 12, 19451964, FDRL. In this letter, Lucy tells Eleanor of the president's "great kindness about my husband when he was desperately ill in Washington." The full text of this extraordinary letter is reprinted in my Chapter 13.

Roosevelt received one of Lucy's stepsons, Winthrop Jonathan Daniels, Washington Quadrille: The Dance Beside the Doc.u.ments (Garden City, N.Y., 1968), 293.

as well as her daughter Barbara Ibid.

helped smooth out the details of one of the stepsons' military service Confidential author interviews.

once asked Anna, who was living in Seattle at the time, to "be nice" Unpublished article by Anna Roosevelt, 4, Anna Roosevelt Halsted Papers, Box 70, FDRL.

the president gave two tickets to Mr. and Mrs. John Rutherfurd Daniels, Washington Quadrille, 294.

Tucked away in the Roosevelt archives Undated letter from Lucy Rutherfurd to FDR, Anna Roosevelt Halsted Papers, Box 70, File Ru, FDRL. The letter was unsealed at the Roosevelt library on October 18, 2001. It runs eight handwritten pages and is missing at least one and possibly more of its early pages, since there is no salutation or date on the letter. The eight surviving pages, however, do form a coherent whole.

almost certainly written in 1941 The allusion to "my youngest stepson" is to Guy Rutherfurd, who graduated from the University of Virginia law school in 1942, which, given Lucy's phrase about his finishing school "next year," places the letter in 1941. In the full text, she also mentions the specific law firm in New York the young man was considering, and the name of the cousin who had offered him the job, details I confirmed in confidential interviews. The language and context also seem to place it before Pearl Harbor and Hitler's subsequent declaration of war on the United States.

"poor darling" Ibid.

The note was written from Aiken, South Carolina The evidence on this point is strong. Lucy writes of Mead being "the most able man in these parts"; Mead, like the Rutherfurds, owned a house in Aiken (See Who's Who in America, vol. 21, 19411942, Chicago, 1940). The later complaints about delayed newspaper delivery and poor radio reception also suggest Aiken as opposed to Allamuchy, New Jersey, where the Rutherfurds also had an estate.

"Day by day the news becomes increasingly ominous and complex" Undated letter from Lucy Rutherfurd to FDR, Anna Roosevelt Halsted Papers, Box 70, File Ru, FDRL.

"This kind of letter is best unwritten and unmailed" Ibid.

"P.S. Time is closing in on going-away time" Ibid.

in the spring of 1943, Lucy commissioned Elizabeth Shoumatoff, FDR's Unfinished Portrait, 80. Also see Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, 432435; Asbell, The F.D.R. Memoirs, 410416; Asbell, Mother and Daughter: The Letters of Anna and Eleanor Roosevelt, 186189.

Shoumatoff's description of Lucy Ibid., 75.

Lucy asked Shoumatoff Ibid., 80.

As Shoumatoff walked into Ibid., 8182.

"I simply can't go on" CC, 221.

"In my long talks" WAC, 482.

The United States and England Henry Wallace, COH, May 22, 1943, 2460.

Riding with Roosevelt Churchill, The Hinge of Fate, 795797.

Churchill saw a sign RAH, 729.

Roosevelt could recall only Ibid. Sherwood reports that Roosevelt quoted the lines; Churchill recalled that it was Hopkins. See Churchill, The Hinge of Fate, 795796.

"animated conversation" Tully, FDR: My Boss, 300301.

"After a while silence and slumber" Churchill, The Hinge of Fate, 797.

an evocative portrait Ibid.

"My friendship with the President" WAC, 483.

an account at odds BBK-H/262, LBP.

"It's a beautiful spot" Boettiger Papers, Box 5, FDRL.

"We could not have been" WAC, 483.

"The President had great charm" Author interview with Lady Soames.

Davies had left . . . on May 6 Elizabeth Kimball MacLean, Joseph E. Davies: Envoy to the Soviets (Westport, Conn., 1992), 101.

Churchill arrived WSC, VII, 402.

Roosevelt's message went out of its way "FDR's Last Instructions on Moscow," Diary of Joseph E. Davies, May 5, 1943, Davies Papers. The quotations are from what Davies characterized as the "gist of the letter" to Stalin. Also see Burns, The Soldier of Freedom, 368; C & R, I, 13, and II, 283; and Elizabeth Kimball MacLean, "Joseph E. Davies and Soviet-American Relations, 194143," in Diplomatic History 4, no. 1 (Winter 1980): 7393.

"F. said he will be taking" CC, 221.

"Three is a crowd" MacLean, Joseph E. Davies, 100.

"Churchill will understand" Ibid.

Hopkins, Sherwood recalled RAH, 737.

"My father was a very limpid" Author interview with Lady Soames.

"Averell told me" C & R, II, 278.

"I did not suggest" Ibid., 283.

"Of course, you and I" Ibid., 284.

His fury "There was now an atmosphere alarmingly reminiscent of that which had preceded the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August, 1939, and the fears of a separate Russo-German Armistice were revived," Sherwood wrote. "It was fortunate that Hitler did not know how bad the relations were between the Allies at that moment, how close they were to the disruption which was his only hope of survival." (RAH, 734) The ferocity of Stalin's cable prompted Churchill to tell Roosevelt to go ahead and meet alone with the Soviet leader if it could be arranged.

American and British officials . . . at Bermuda Gilbert, Auschwitz and the Allies, 131133; C & R, II, 293.

discussed the subject FRUS, Conferences at Washington and Quebec, 1943, 336.

"Our immediate facilities for helping the victims" C & R, II, 293.

After fighting objections Wyman, The Abandonment of the Jews, 117; Breitman, Official Secrets, 185.

Roosevelt said yes C & R, II, 315316.

the number rescued was tiny Wyman, The Abandonment of the Jews, 117.

"a charming souvenir" Ibid., 322.

"My Congress has retired" Ibid., 323.

"I am perfectly delighted" Ibid., 348.

"Isn't he a wonderful old Tory" Gunther, Roosevelt in Retrospect, 16.

"Not against a single person" Author interview with Sir Anthony Montague Browne.

"He seldom carries forward" Lyttleton, Memoirs, 168.

"wider and permanent system of general security" Burns, The Soldier of Freedom, 130. Among others, the historian Robert Dallek points out that Roosevelt resisted Churchill's language mentioning an "effective international organization" because the president was afraid of "isolationist 'suspicions.' " See Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy (New York, 1979), 283284.

Roosevelt, according to Hopkins's notes RAH, 717718.

at a May 22, 1943, meeting FRUS, Conferences at Washington and Quebec, 167172. Also see Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, FDR and the Creation of the U.N. (New Haven, Conn., 1997), 6973.

Influenced by Secretary of State Cordell Hull Burns, The Soldier of Freedom, 429.

Roald Dahl, a fighter pilot, British secret service agent John C. Culver and John Hyde, American Dreamer: The Life and Times of Henry A. Wallace (New York, 2002), 342343. Also see Mark I. West, Roald Dahl (New York, 1992), 10. I am grateful to John Morton Blum and John Hyde for their counsel on the Dahl-Wallace relationship.

"I have had four dispatches" Roald Dahl, "Visit to Hyde Park, July 2nd to 4th," dated July 6, 1943, Henry A. Wallace Diary, University of Iowa Library, Special Collections, Iowa City, Iowa, 4. The fact of Dahl's authorship is found in Henry A. Wallace, COH, 2558. The ensuing scenes and dialogue are drawn from the "Visit to Hyde Park, July 2nd to 4th" [1943], in the Wallace diary. Also see Henry A. Wallace, COH, 25582562.

the three jiggers of gin "Visit to Hyde Park, July 2nd to 4th" [1943], 9.

"Sir, what do you think of Churchill" Ibid.

Fala was "engaged" Ibid.

Roosevelt recalled one of his earliest transactions with Churchill Ibid., 10.

exhausted and had to stay CCTBOM, 446.

Roosevelt turned to Daisy CC, 228.

"The P. asked me" Ibid.