In Washington, Charles Lindbergh was testifying The New York Times, January 24, 1941; Warren F. Kimball, The Most Unsordid Act: Lend-Lease, 19391941 (Baltimore, 1969), 189190.

Churchill and Hopkins went to Dover WSC, VI, 992.

"There goes the b.l.o.o.d.y British Empire" TFOP, 341.

Churchill's grandson Winston related Author interview with Winston S. Churchill.

At midnight at Chequers TFOP, 342.

"We must all of us" CWP, III, 196200. Joseph Lash reported that the speech itself "was written with the a.s.sistance of Hopkins" and "had been urged by, among others, Walter Lippmann, who was afraid that 'Americans might still be frightened into thinking that their help was too late to be of use. . . . Colonel Lindbergh had cleverly and successfully touched this weak and cowardly spot in the American character by his testimony before the Foreign Affairs Committee last week.' " (Lash, Roosevelt and Churchill, 283284) Over a lunch of corned beef hash RAH, 267.

According to Sherwood Ibid.

American military planners Reynolds, From Munich to Pearl Harbor, 116119.

won the Lend-Lease vote The New York Times, February 9, 1941.

Churchill was asleep RAH, 265.

"I find my thoughts constantly with you" Ibid.

"Thank G.o.d for your news" Churchill, The Grand Alliance, 128.

"Our blessings from the whole of" Ibid.

"Far more was needed" Ibid.

"The President knew his man" Pamela Churchill Harriman interview, Newton Collection, FDRL.

CHAPTER 4: LUNCHING ALONE BROKE THE ICE.

At a No. 10 Downing Street lunch Diary of Meeting, Charles Eade, March 6, 1941, CEP.

Berlin continued to seize territory I.C.B. Dear, ed., The Oxford Companion to World War II (New York, 1995), 422.

In North Africa Ibid., 748.

Americans were producing three times as many Cohen in Grand Strategies in War and Peace, ed. Kennedy, 51.

"I was faced with a practical problem" Memorandum of Trip to Meet Winston Churchill, August 23, 1941, PSF, Safe, Atlantic Charter, FDRL. Roosevelt dictated the doc.u.ment after his return.

telling reporters Ibid.

"This . . . became the basis" Ibid.

ham, cheese, and cigars TFOP, 415.

"Harry Hopkins came into the garden" Churchill, The Grand Alliance, 427.

Roosevelt kept Eleanor in the dark August 2, 1941, FDR Papers, microfilm edition, "Mrs. Roosevelt's Folder," Office Files, Subject Files, Part 4.

"Even at my ripe old age" CC, 140.

an intriguing figure in the Roosevelt world Ibid., ixxvii.

"We always thought of him" Author interview with Margaret Hendrick.

"I don't want to harp" CC, 138.

Churchill rushed WSC, VI, 1120.

Roosevelt said little Burns, The Soldier of Freedom, 103.

"I pray America won't let the Huns" Nancy Astor to Agnes Meyer, October 10, 1941, MP.

Churchill arranged RAH, 318319.

a sunny, warm day Valentin Berezhkov interview, Newton Collection, FDRL.

"He looked very frail" Ibid.

"No man could forget the picture of" RAH, 343344.

the Soviets would lose about 12,000,000 soldiers Polmar and Allen, eds., World War II: The Encyclopedia of the War Years, 836; the British and Americans figures are on 193. Statistics on battles losses (those killed or missing) are slippery, but whatever numbers one chooses to settle on, it is clear that the Soviet Union paid a vastly steeper price in blood than its allies did-which is not to minimize in any way the horrific casualties, military and civilian, sustained by those nations who took up arms against the Axis.

In a speech to the House The New York Times, July 30, 1941.

"What do you think of" Complete Presidential Press Conferences, July 29, 1941, XVIII, 63.

Grace Tully, who had also been Tully, FDR: My Boss, 246.

rode by train from Union Station Log of the President's Cruise, FDR Papers, microfilm edition, Office Files, Part 1, Safe and Confidential.

It was still light out Memorandum of Trip to Meet Winston Churchill, August 23, 1941, FDRL.

"many persons saw me" Ibid.

"Strange thing happened this morning" CC, 140.

"delightful story" Memorandum of Trip to Meet Winston Churchill, August 23, 1941, FDRL.

"The President sends word" August 7, 1941, FDR Papers, microfilm edition, Office Files, Part 1, Safe and Confidential; The Washington Post, August 8, 1941.

"From USS Potomac" August 7, 1941, FDR Papers, microfilm edition, Office Files, Part 1, Safe and Confidential; The New York Times, August 8, 1941.

Hopkins arrived from C & R, I, 226.

Churchill was thinking constantly of Sir John Martin, Downing Street: The War Years (New York, 1991), 57.

"I hope we shall have an interesting" H. V. Morton, Atlantic Meeting (New York, 1943), 3435.

"Winston Churchill was completely absorbed" Ibid., 8586.

found Vivien Leigh "ravishing" Lady Soames note to author, January 12, 2003.

"I have, my lords, in different countries" Author viewing of Alexander Korda's Lady Hamilton (also known as That Hamilton Woman). Korda was friendly with Churchill and once asked him to write a treatment about the life of George V. Nothing ultimately came of Churchill's screenwriting career. See D. J. Wenden, "Churchill, Radio, and Cinema," in Churchill, eds. Blake and Louis, 232233.

"the man who was watching" Morton, Atlantic Meeting, 86.

Cadogan thought the movie Dilks, ed., The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 396397.

"Gentlemen, I thought this film" CWP, III, 1039.

"You'd have thought Winston" RAH, 351.

Just after dawn Morton, Atlantic Meeting, 90.

a dark blue uniform Details drawn from photographs of the day, FDRL. See also Alsop, FDR, 180.

a suit Ibid. See also Alsop, FDR, 180.

Two of his sons Theodore A. Wilson, The First Summit: Roosevelt & Churchill at Placentia Bay, 1941 (Lawrence, Kans., 1991), 65.

At eleven A.M., Churchill crossed the bay The first Churchill-Roosevelt handshake has been well described by many writers. See, for example, Burns, The Soldier of Freedom, 126, and Wilson, The First Summit, 7879. In addition, I also drew on Burns, 125131, and WSC, VI, 11541168, for my account of the gathering at Newfoundland. For the ensuing meetings between the two men, from this one at sea until the last lunch about the Quincy, readers seeking more detail can consult Burns, The Soldier of Freedom, Churchill's own war memoirs, and WSC, VIVII, as well as all the other sources cited throughout the book.

"The Boss insisted" Reilly and Sloc.u.m, Reilly of the White House, 120.

"a slight bow" Morton, Atlantic Meeting, 98.

"the warmest of welcomes" Churchill, The Grand Alliance, 431.

"At last-we've gotten together" Reilly and Sloc.u.m, Reilly of the White House, 120.

"We have" Ibid.

"There was a warmth there" Author interview with Patrick Kinna.

"They were two men" RAH, 363364.

In his memoirs, Churchill hinted Churchill, The Grand Alliance, 663.

"Papa completely forgot" Author interview with Lady Soames.

Churchill's lapse annoyed Roosevelt Kimball, "Wheel Within a Wheel: Churchill, Roosevelt, and the Special Relationship," in Churchill, eds. Blake and Louis, 297.

"I had met him" Churchill, The Gathering Storm, 440.

"Most Americans" Winston S. Churchill, Lord Randolph Churchill (London, 1907), 35.

"Many men with so many grave" Wilson Brown Memoir, 168, FDRL.

"it didn't take them long" Elliott Roosevelt, As He Saw It (New York, 1946), 25. In interviews, Lady Soames and George Elsey, both of whom spent time in private settings with Roosevelt and Churchill, confirmed to me that Churchill, who often referred to Roosevelt as "Mr. President" in larger gatherings, called Roosevelt "Franklin" when fewer people were present. Further evidence of this is Churchill's use of the salutation "My dear Franklin" on messages of a more personal nature later in the war.

"Does he like me?" Lash, Roosevelt and Churchill, 391.

"He is a tremendously vital person" CC, 141.

"What did he think of me?" Gunther, Roosevelt in Retrospect, 16.

"I have just talked" Note of Harry Hopkins to Winston Churchill, August 9, 1941, from on board the USS Augusta, Ship Harbor, Newfoundland, Hopkins Papers, FDRL.

Inspector Thompson noticed a red leather Thompson, I Was Churchill's Shadow, 72.

As Mary remembered it CCTBOM, 402403.

"I managed to cause a diversion" Ibid., 403404.

"Since the beginning of the war" Ibid., 404.

"I have ma.s.sage, osteopathy" WAC, 457.

Eleanor had driven her mother-in-law TIR, 223.

"a timeless permanence" James Roosevelt, Affectionately, FDR, 316.

At a quarter to seven Dilks, ed., The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 397.

"I had never met" Gerald Pawle, The War and Colonel Warden (New York, 1963), 117.

During the meal, the talk ranged Dilks, ed., The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 398.

"might be prepared" Ibid.

When dessert was cleared Elliott Roosevelt, As He Saw It, 28.

"His conversation was" Lyttleton, Memoirs, 164.

"not his best" Dilks, ed., The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 397.

"Churchill told us" H. H. Arnold, Global Mission (New York, 1949), 252.

"very grand" CC, 141.