60. JA to AA, 22 March 1782, JA to AA, 22 March 1782, AFC AFC 4:301. 4:301.

61. JA to AA, 15 August 1782, JA to AA, 15 August 1782, AFC AFC 4:36061. 4:36061.

62. It is possible, indeed probable, that John's account of the number of letters lost at sea was inflated. It is possible, indeed probable, that John's account of the number of letters lost at sea was inflated.

63. JA to AA, 12 October 1782, JA to AA, 12 October 1782, AFC AFC 5:1516. 5:1516.

64. JA to Edmund Jenings, 20 July 1782, JA to Edmund Jenings, 20 July 1782, AP AP 13:18890. 13:18890.

65. JA to AA, 8 November 1782, JA to AA, 8 November 1782, AFC AFC 5:2829, in which John describes how he and Jay pressured Franklin to accept the concept of a separate peace. 5:2829, in which John describes how he and Jay pressured Franklin to accept the concept of a separate peace.

66. DA DA 3:81. The story of the negotiations leading up to the Treaty of Paris has more twists and turns than this brief summary can possibly capture. The authoritative history is Richard B. Morris, 3:81. The story of the negotiations leading up to the Treaty of Paris has more twists and turns than this brief summary can possibly capture. The authoritative history is Richard B. Morris, The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence (New York, 1965). See also Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, eds., (New York, 1965). See also Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, eds., Peace and Peacemakers: The Treaty of 1783 Peace and Peacemakers: The Treaty of 1783 (Charlottesville, 1986). The scholars.h.i.+p on this auspicious moment in American diplomatic history tends to divide along pro-Franklin or pro-Adams lines, with the former position enjoying a clear hegemony, invariably at the expense of Adams's reputation. See, for example, James H. Hutson, (Charlottesville, 1986). The scholars.h.i.+p on this auspicious moment in American diplomatic history tends to divide along pro-Franklin or pro-Adams lines, with the former position enjoying a clear hegemony, invariably at the expense of Adams's reputation. See, for example, James H. Hutson, John Adams and the Diplomacy of the American Revolution John Adams and the Diplomacy of the American Revolution (Lexington, Ky., 1980). More recently, however, Adams advocates have become more numerous. See, for example, John Ferling, "John Adams, Diplomat," (Lexington, Ky., 1980). More recently, however, Adams advocates have become more numerous. See, for example, John Ferling, "John Adams, Diplomat," WMQ WMQ 51 (April 1994), 22752. While, like Ferling, I lean in the Adams direction, my deepest conviction is that the scholarly debate needs to free itself of the partisan prejudices of the partic.i.p.ants and recognize that the success of the American negotiating team depended on the complementary strengths of both Franklin and Adams, but also on the extremely weak hand that history had dealt the British side. 51 (April 1994), 22752. While, like Ferling, I lean in the Adams direction, my deepest conviction is that the scholarly debate needs to free itself of the partisan prejudices of the partic.i.p.ants and recognize that the success of the American negotiating team depended on the complementary strengths of both Franklin and Adams, but also on the extremely weak hand that history had dealt the British side.

67. The correspondence and draft articles that paved the way for the Provisional Treaty are in The correspondence and draft articles that paved the way for the Provisional Treaty are in PA PA 14:2102. The treaty itself is in 14:2102. The treaty itself is in PA PA 14:1039. 14:1039.

68. AA to JA, 7 April 1783, AA to JA, 7 April 1783, AFC AFC 5:11617; JA to AA, 4 December 1782, 5:11617; JA to AA, 4 December 1782, AFC AFC 5:4647. 5:4647.

69. JA to AA, 30 May 1782, JA to AA, 30 May 1782, AFC AFC 5:167. 5:167.

70. JA to AA, 7 April 1783, JA to AA, 7 April 1783, AFC AFC 5:11921; JA to AA, 11 April 1783, 5:11921; JA to AA, 11 April 1783, AFC AFC 5:121; JA to AA, 16 April 1783, 5:121; JA to AA, 16 April 1783, AFC AFC 5:12527. 5:12527.

71. AA to JA, 30 June 1783, AA to JA, 30 June 1783, AFC AFC 5:18890. 5:18890.

72. JA to AA, 11 April 1783, JA to AA, 11 April 1783, AFC AFC 5:12122; 5:12122; DA DA 3:4143, 50. 3:4143, 50.

73. JA to AA, 16 April 1783, JA to AA, 16 April 1783, AFC AFC 5:12527. 5:12527.

74. AA to JA, 15 December 1783, AA to JA, 15 December 1783, AFC AFC 5:280. 5:280.

75. AA to JA, 7 December 1783, AA to JA, 7 December 1783, AFC AFC 5:27678. 5:27678.

76. JA to AA, 8 November 1783, JA to AA, 8 November 1783, AFC AFC 5:26566; AA to JA, 20 November 1783, 5:26566; AA to JA, 20 November 1783, AFC AFC 5:271. 5:271.

77. AA to Elbridge Gerry, 19 March 1784, AA to Elbridge Gerry, 19 March 1784, AFC AFC 5:31112; Elbridge Gerry to AA, 16 April 1784, 5:31112; Elbridge Gerry to AA, 16 April 1784, AFC AFC 5:32021. 5:32021.

78. AA to JA, 3 January 1784, AA to JA, 3 January 1784, AFC AFC 5:29192; AA to JA, 11 February 1783, 5:29192; AA to JA, 11 February 1783, AFC AFC 5:3023. 5:3023.

79. Editorial note, Editorial note, AFC AFC 5:35051, for the voyage and arrival in London; 5:35051, for the voyage and arrival in London; DA DA 4:15467, for Abigail's diary. See also Levin, 4:15467, for Abigail's diary. See also Levin, Abigail Adams Abigail Adams, 16773.

CHAPTER FOUR. 178489.

1. Abigail kept a journal of her voyage and early weeks in London, written in the form of a long letter to her sister Mary Smith Cranch. The Copley portion of her commentary is in Abigail kept a journal of her voyage and early weeks in London, written in the form of a long letter to her sister Mary Smith Cranch. The Copley portion of her commentary is in AFC AFC 5:37374. 5:37374.2. AFC AFC 5:382; JA to AA, 1 August 1784, 5:382; JA to AA, 1 August 1784, AFC AFC 5:416; JA to JQA, 1 August 1784, 5:416; JA to JQA, 1 August 1784, AFC AFC 5:41617; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 30 July 1784, 5:41617; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 30 July 1784, AFC AFC 5:382. 5:382.3. AFC AFC 5:430, 43335, 43940; AA to Cotton Tufts, 8 September 1784, 5:430, 43335, 43940; AA to Cotton Tufts, 8 September 1784, AFC AFC 5:45659. Howard C. Rice, 5:45659. Howard C. Rice, The Adams Family in Auteuil, 17841785 The Adams Family in Auteuil, 17841785 (Boston, 1956). (Boston, 1956).4. AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 14 December 1784, AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 14 December 1784, AFC AFC 6:29. 6:29.5. AA to Mercy Otis Warren, 5 September 1784, AA to Mercy Otis Warren, 5 September 1784, AFC AFC 5:44651. 5:44651.6. AA to Lucy Cranch, 5 September 1784, AA to Lucy Cranch, 5 September 1784, AFC AFC 5:43638. 5:43638.7. AA to Hannah Quincy Lincoln Storer, 20 January 1785, AA to Hannah Quincy Lincoln Storer, 20 January 1785, AFC AFC 6:65. 6:65.8. AFC AFC 6:6667. 6:6667.9. AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 13 December 1784, AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 13 December 1784, AFC AFC 6:56; AA to Cotton Tufts, 2 May 1785, 6:56; AA to Cotton Tufts, 2 May 1785, AFC AFC 6:1039. 6:1039.

10. AA to JQA, 20 March 1786, AA to JQA, 20 March 1786, AFC AFC 7:97. 7:97.

11. AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 11 January 1785, AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 11 January 1785, AFC AFC 6:5657; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 20 February 1785, 6:5657; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 20 February 1785, AFC AFC 6:67; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 15 April 1785, 6:67; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 15 April 1785, AFC AFC 6:84. 6:84.

12. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 20 February 1785, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 20 February 1785, AFC AFC 6:6768. 6:6768.

13. AA to Cotton Tufts, 3 January 1785, AA to Cotton Tufts, 3 January 1785, AFC AFC 6:43; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 15 April 1785, 6:43; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 15 April 1785, AFC AFC 6:84. 6:84.

14. My effort here to recover the daily interactions of the Adams family at Auteuil represents a distillation of multiple letters from Abigail in 178485, in which the ordinary conversations are usually mentioned as asides. The last scene is described in AA to Royall Tyler, 4 January 1785, My effort here to recover the daily interactions of the Adams family at Auteuil represents a distillation of multiple letters from Abigail in 178485, in which the ordinary conversations are usually mentioned as asides. The last scene is described in AA to Royall Tyler, 4 January 1785, AFC AFC 6:45. The fact that Abigail's fullest account of a domestic scene was written to Tyler suggests that she still, at this stage, regarded him as a potential member of the Adams family. 6:45. The fact that Abigail's fullest account of a domestic scene was written to Tyler suggests that she still, at this stage, regarded him as a potential member of the Adams family.

15. JA to James Warren, 27 August 1784; JA to Elbridge Gerry, 12 December 1784, JA to James Warren, 27 August 1784; JA to Elbridge Gerry, 12 December 1784, PA PA 7:38283. 7:38283.

16. AA to TJ, 6 June 1785, AA to TJ, 6 June 1785, AFC AFC 6:16973; JA to TJ, 22 January 1825, A 6:16973; JA to TJ, 22 January 1825, AJ 2:606. 2:606.

17. More specific doc.u.mentation of Jefferson's visionary views of international trade appears in subsequent notes. This preliminary a.s.sessment of his mental habits is based on my earlier effort (in More specific doc.u.mentation of Jefferson's visionary views of international trade appears in subsequent notes. This preliminary a.s.sessment of his mental habits is based on my earlier effort (in American Sphinx American Sphinx, 64117) to capture his mentality at this stage of his career.

18. JA to TJ, 4 September 1785, JA to TJ, 4 September 1785, AJ AJ 1:61. 1:61.

19. Lord Dorset to American Commissioners, 13 April 1785, Lord Dorset to American Commissioners, 13 April 1785, JP JP 7:5556; JA to TJ, 6 June 1786, 7:5556; JA to TJ, 6 June 1786, AJ AJ 1:13334. 1:13334.

20. TJ and JA to American Commissioners, 28 March 1786, TJ and JA to American Commissioners, 28 March 1786, JP JP 9:35759. 9:35759.

21. Editorial note, "Jefferson's Proposed Concert of Powers Against the Barbary Pirates," July-December 1786, Editorial note, "Jefferson's Proposed Concert of Powers Against the Barbary Pirates," July-December 1786, JP JP 10:56066. 10:56066.

22. JA to TJ, 3 July 1786, JA to TJ, 3 July 1786, AJ AJ 1:14243; JA to John Jay, 15 December 1784, 1:14243; JA to John Jay, 15 December 1784, Works Works 8:21719; JA to TJ, 6 June 1786, 8:21719; JA to TJ, 6 June 1786, AJ AJ 1:133. 1:133.

23. JA to TJ, 31 July 1786, JA to TJ, 31 July 1786, AJ AJ 1:146; JA to TJ, 17 February 1786, 1:146; JA to TJ, 17 February 1786, AJ AJ 1:121. 1:121.

24. The extensive correspondence between Abigail and Jefferson that doc.u.ments my interpretation here can be found in The extensive correspondence between Abigail and Jefferson that doc.u.ments my interpretation here can be found in AFC AFC 6:22324, 26265, 33334, 34647, 39092, 41415, 42223, 43739, 44142, 46668, 48889, 49597. 6:22324, 26265, 33334, 34647, 39092, 41415, 42223, 43739, 44142, 46668, 48889, 49597.

25. TJ to AA, 9 August 1786, TJ to AA, 9 August 1786, AFC AFC 7:31213; AA to TJ, 19 October 1785, 7:31213; AA to TJ, 19 October 1785, AFC AFC 6:43739. 6:43739.

26. TJ to AA, 25 September 1785, TJ to AA, 25 September 1785, AFC AFC 6:39092; AA to TJ, 7 October 1785, 6:39092; AA to TJ, 7 October 1785, AFC AFC 6:41415. 6:41415.

27. TJ to AA, 9 August 1786, TJ to AA, 9 August 1786, AFC AFC 6:312. 6:312.

28. TJ to AA, 22 February 1787, TJ to AA, 22 February 1787, AFC AFC 6:46869; AA to TJ, 29 January 1787, 6:46869; AA to TJ, 29 January 1787, AFC AFC 6:455. 6:455.

29. AA to TJ, 26 June 1787, AA to TJ, 26 June 1787, AFC AFC 8:9293. 8:9293.

30. AA to TJ, 6 July 1787, AA to TJ, 6 July 1787, AFC AFC 8:1079. 8:1079.

31. AA to TJ, 10 July 1787, AA to TJ, 10 July 1787, AFC AFC 8:10910. 8:10910.

32. TJ to JA, 21 June 1785, TJ to JA, 21 June 1785, AJ AJ 1:34; JA to TJ, 22 May 1785, 1:34; JA to TJ, 22 May 1785, AJ AJ 1:21. 1:21.

33. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 24 June 1785, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 24 June 1785, AFC AFC 6:192. 6:192.

34. DA DA 3:184. 3:184.

35. JA to John Jay, 2 June 1785, JA to John Jay, 2 June 1785, Works Works 8:25559. 8:25559.

36. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 24 June 1785, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 24 June 1785, AFC AFC 6:190; AA to JQA, 26 June 1785, 6:190; AA to JQA, 26 June 1785, AFC AFC 6:196. 6:196.

37. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 24 May 1786, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 24 May 1786, AFC AFC 7:19798; AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 19 July 1786, 7:19798; AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 19 July 1786, AFC AFC 7:264. 7:264.

38. AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 2 September 1785, AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 2 September 1785, AFC AFC 6:32730; 6:32730; DA DA 3:18486. 3:18486.

39. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 30 September 1785, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 30 September 1785, AFC AFC 6:393. 6:393.

40. DA DA 3:187, 193, where an editorial note provides the Jefferson quotation. 3:187, 193, where an editorial note provides the Jefferson quotation.

41. AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 21 November 1786, AA to Elizabeth Smith Shaw, 21 November 1786, AFC AFC 7:392. 7:392.

42. Jefferson's correspondence to American friends after meeting with John provides the most succinct statement of the diplomatic futility for an American amba.s.sador in London: "With this nation nothing is done; and it is now decided that they intend to do nothing with us." See TJ to James Madison, 25 April 1786, Jefferson's correspondence to American friends after meeting with John provides the most succinct statement of the diplomatic futility for an American amba.s.sador in London: "With this nation nothing is done; and it is now decided that they intend to do nothing with us." See TJ to James Madison, 25 April 1786, JP JP 9:43334. 9:43334.

43. AA to TJ, 6 September 1785, AA to TJ, 6 September 1785, AFC AFC 6:34647. 6:34647.

44. AA to Charles Storer, 23 March 1786, AA to Charles Storer, 23 March 1786, AFC AFC 7:11314. 7:11314.

45. AA to JQA, 20 March 1786, AA to JQA, 20 March 1786, AFC AFC 7:98. 7:98.

46. JA to AA, 25 December 1786, JA to AA, 25 December 1786, AFC AFC 7:412. 7:412.

47. JA to TJ, 22 May 1785, JA to TJ, 22 May 1785, AJ AJ 1:21; Jefferson's a.n.a.lysis of African American inferiority in 1:21; Jefferson's a.n.a.lysis of African American inferiority in Notes Notes is most conveniently available in Merrill Peterson, ed., is most conveniently available in Merrill Peterson, ed., The Portable Jefferson The Portable Jefferson (New York, 1975), 18693. (New York, 1975), 18693.

48. AA to JQA, 16 February 1786, AA to JQA, 16 February 1786, AFC AFC 7:6263. 7:6263.

49. AA to WSS, 18 September 1785, AA to WSS, 18 September 1785, AFC AFC 6:366. 6:366.

50. AA to JQA, 21 July 1786, AA to JQA, 21 July 1786, AFC AFC 7:276; AA to CA, 1 February 1786, 7:276; AA to CA, 1 February 1786, AFC AFC 7:6061; JA to CA, 2 June 1786, 7:6061; JA to CA, 2 June 1786, AFC AFC 7:208. 7:208.

51. JA to JQA, 26 May 1786, JA to JQA, 26 May 1786, AFC AFC 7:205; JA to JQA, 23 January 1788, 7:205; JA to JQA, 23 January 1788, AFC AFC 8:21920. 8:21920.

52. AA to JQA, 28 February 1787, AA to JQA, 28 February 1787, AFC AFC 7:47475. 7:47475.

53. For a sensitive and sensible discussion of Abigail's recognition that gender equality was a clear consequence of the ideology used to justify the American Revolution, but that its arrival lay far in the future, see Elaine Forman Crane, "Political Dialogue and the Spring of Abigail's Discontent," For a sensitive and sensible discussion of Abigail's recognition that gender equality was a clear consequence of the ideology used to justify the American Revolution, but that its arrival lay far in the future, see Elaine Forman Crane, "Political Dialogue and the Spring of Abigail's Discontent," WMQ WMQ 56 (October 1999), 74574. 56 (October 1999), 74574.

54. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 15 August 1785, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 15 August 1785, AFC AFC 6:27680; editorial note on the end of the Tyler courts.h.i.+p, 6:27680; editorial note on the end of the Tyler courts.h.i.+p, DA DA 3:192. 3:192.

55. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 26 February 1786, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 26 February 1786, AFC AFC 7:7780. See 7:7780. See DA DA 3:183, for an editorial note on William Stephens Smith. 3:183, for an editorial note on William Stephens Smith.

56. WSS to AA, 5 September 1785, WSS to AA, 5 September 1785, AFC AFC 6:34042; WSS to AA, 29 December 1785, 6:34042; WSS to AA, 29 December 1785, AFC AFC 6:5089; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 21 March 1786, 6:5089; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 21 March 1786, AFC AFC 7:101. 7:101.

57. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 24 April 1786, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 24 April 1786, AFC AFC 7:147; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 25 February 1787, 7:147; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 25 February 1787, AFC AFC 7:471; AA to Mercy Otis Warren, 14 May 1787, 7:471; AA to Mercy Otis Warren, 14 May 1787, AFC AFC 8:47. 8:47.

58. JA to Cotton Tufts, 27 August 1787, JA to Cotton Tufts, 27 August 1787, AFC AFC 8:149. For news of the purchase, see Cotton Tufts to AA, 20 September 1787, 8:149. For news of the purchase, see Cotton Tufts to AA, 20 September 1787, AFC AFC 8:16263. 8:16263.

59. AA to AA(2), 15 August 1786, AA to AA(2), 15 August 1786, AFC AFC 7:31820; AA to Cotton Tufts, 10 October 1786, 7:31820; AA to Cotton Tufts, 10 October 1786, AFC AFC 7:35964. 7:35964.

60. John Jay to JA, 4 July 1787, quoted in editorial note, John Jay to JA, 4 July 1787, quoted in editorial note, AFC AFC 8:153. 8:153.

61. There is no modern edition of There is no modern edition of Defence Defence, though there are selections from the text published in several anthologies of John's political thought. The only place to find the unabridged version is in Works Works, vols. 46.

62. The most favorable modern-day a.s.sessment of The most favorable modern-day a.s.sessment of Defence Defence is C. Bradley Thompson, "John Adams and the Science of Politics," in Richard A. Ryerson, ed., is C. Bradley Thompson, "John Adams and the Science of Politics," in Richard A. Ryerson, ed., John Adams and the Founding of the American Republic John Adams and the Founding of the American Republic (Boston, 2001), 25759. (Boston, 2001), 25759.

63. The hostile review in the The hostile review in the London Monthly Review London Monthly Review is quoted in an editorial note, is quoted in an editorial note, AFC AFC 8:79. 8:79.

64. AA to JQA, 20 March 1787, AA to JQA, 20 March 1787, AFC AFC 8:12; 8:12; Works Works 4:290, for the quotations from 4:290, for the quotations from Defence Defence. The scholarly debate over John's stature as a political thinker, based in part on his arguments in Defence Defence, tends to focus on his dependence on cla.s.sical categories of a.n.a.lysis (i.e., monarchy, aristocracy, democracy). Gordon S. Wood, in The Creation of the American Republic The Creation of the American Republic (Chapel Hill, 1969), 56792, makes the strongest case for reading (Chapel Hill, 1969), 56792, makes the strongest case for reading Defence Defence as an anachronistic work that was irrelevant to the more egalitarian context of the American republic. John P. Diggins, in as an anachronistic work that was irrelevant to the more egalitarian context of the American republic. John P. Diggins, in The Lost Soul of American Politics: Virtue, Self-Interest, and the Foundations of Liberalism The Lost Soul of American Politics: Virtue, Self-Interest, and the Foundations of Liberalism (New York, 1984), 6999, on the other hand, sees (New York, 1984), 6999, on the other hand, sees Defence Defence as prescient for its recognition that the absence of hereditary aristocracy in America did not mean the absence of cla.s.s divisions or the hegemonic influence of political elites. I have offered my own interpretation of the issues at stake in as prescient for its recognition that the absence of hereditary aristocracy in America did not mean the absence of cla.s.s divisions or the hegemonic influence of political elites. I have offered my own interpretation of the issues at stake in Pa.s.sionate Sage: The Character and Legacy of John Adams Pa.s.sionate Sage: The Character and Legacy of John Adams (New York, 1993), 14373, where I tend to agree with Diggins. (New York, 1993), 14373, where I tend to agree with Diggins.

65. AA to Cotton Tufts, 6 November 1787, AA to Cotton Tufts, 6 November 1787, AFC AFC 8:203. 8:203.

66. TJ to JA, 20 February 1787, TJ to JA, 20 February 1787, AJ AJ 1:172. 1:172.

67. TJ to JA, 5 March 1788, TJ to JA, 5 March 1788, JP JP 12:638. 12:638.

68. JA to TJ, 12 February 1788, JA to TJ, 12 February 1788, AJ AJ 1:22425. 1:22425.

69. AA to JA, 23 March 1788, AA to JA, 23 March 1788, AFC AFC 8:24748. 8:24748.

70. TJ to JA, 13 November 1787, TJ to JA, 13 November 1787, AJ AJ 1:212; JA to TJ, 10 November 1787, 1:212; JA to TJ, 10 November 1787, AJ AJ 1:210; JA to TJ, 6 December 1787, 1:210; JA to TJ, 6 December 1787, AJ AJ 1:21314. 1:21314.

71. DA DA 3:215. 3:215.

CHAPTER FIVE. 178996.

1. Editorial note, quoting report in the Editorial note, quoting report in the Ma.s.sachusetts Centennial, AFC Ma.s.sachusetts Centennial, AFC 8:21617. 8:21617.2. AA to AA(2), 7 July 1788, AA to AA(2), 7 July 1788, AFC AFC 8:27778. 8:27778.3. AA(2) to JA, 27 July 1788, AA(2) to JA, 27 July 1788, AFC AFC 8:282; AA(2) to JQA, 28 September 1788, 8:282; AA(2) to JQA, 28 September 1788, AFC AFC 8:299. 8:299.4. JA to AA, 2 December 1788, JA to AA, 2 December 1788, AFC AFC 8:312. 8:312.5. JA to AA(2), 11 November 1788, JA to AA(2), 11 November 1788, AFC AFC 8:305; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 24 November 1788, 8:305; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 24 November 1788, AFC AFC 8:308. 8:308.6. AA to JA, 15 December 1788, AA to JA, 15 December 1788, AFC AFC 8:31819; JA to AA, 28 December 1788, 8:31819; JA to AA, 28 December 1788, AFC AFC 8:325. 8:325.7. AA to JA, 3 December 1788, AA to JA, 3 December 1788, AFC AFC 8:31314; JA to TJ, 2 January 1789, 8:31314; JA to TJ, 2 January 1789, AJ AJ 1:234. 1:234.8. JA to AA, 19 December 1793, JA to AA, 19 December 1793, AFC AFC, vol. 9. The editors of the Adams Papers Adams Papers granted me access to the unpublished galleys of the forthcoming volume of the granted me access to the unpublished galleys of the forthcoming volume of the Adams Family Correspondence Adams Family Correspondence before pagination was finalized. Subsequent references to this volume will provide the date of the letters without pagination. before pagination was finalized. Subsequent references to this volume will provide the date of the letters without pagination.9. Editorial note, 16 March 1789, Editorial note, 16 March 1789, AFC AFC 8:340. 8:340.

10. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 28 June 1789, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 28 June 1789, AFC AFC 8:379; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 12 July 1789, 8:379; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 12 July 1789, AFC AFC 8:391. 8:391.

11. JA to AA, 14 May 1789, JA to AA, 14 May 1789, AFC AFC 8:352. 8:352.

12. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 9 August 1789, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 9 August 1789, AFC AFC 8:397. 8:397.

13. Editorial note, 21 April 1789, Editorial note, 21 April 1789, AFC AFC 8:340; JA to JQA, 9 July 1789, 8:340; JA to JQA, 9 July 1789, AFC AFC 8:387. 8:387.

14. Linda Grant De Pauw, et al., eds., Linda Grant De Pauw, et al., eds., Doc.u.mentary History of the First Federal Congress Doc.u.mentary History of the First Federal Congress, 15 vols. (Baltimore, 197284) 9:313; James H. Hutson, "John Adams' t.i.tle Campaign," NEQ NEQ 41 (January 1968), 3039. 41 (January 1968), 3039.

15. AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 5 January 1790, AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 5 January 1790, AFC AFC, vol. 9. There is no modern, easily accessible edition of Discourses on Davila; Discourses on Davila; I have relied on the old edition in I have relied on the old edition in Works Works, vol. 6.

16. JA to AA, 24 November 1792, JA to AA, 24 November 1792, AFC AFC, vol. 9, where John describes a conversation that he overheard containing these accusations.

17. Works 6:25862. Works 6:25862.