PERSONS.

AA.

Abigail Adams Abigail Adams AA(2).

Abigail Adams Smith Abigail Adams Smith AS.

Abigail Smith (before marriage to John) Abigail Smith (before marriage to John) CA.

Charles Adams Charles Adams CFA.

Charles Francis Adams Charles Francis Adams JA.

John Adams John Adams JQA.

John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams LCA.

Louisa Catherine Adams Louisa Catherine Adams TBA.

Thomas Boylston Adams Thomas Boylston Adams TJ.

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson WSS.

William Stephens Smith William Stephens Smith

CHAPTER ONE. 175974.

1. DA DA 1:108. 1:108.2. DA DA 1:109, for the derogatory quotation about the Smith sisters. 1:109, for the derogatory quotation about the Smith sisters.3. JA to AS, 4 October 1762, JA to AS, 4 October 1762, AFC AFC 1:2. 1:2.4. JA to AS, 14 February 1763, JA to AS, 14 February 1763, AFC AFC 1:3. 1:3.5. AS to JA, 11 August 1763, AS to JA, 11 August 1763, AFC AFC 1:6. 1:6.6. JA to AS, 30 December 1761, JA to AS, 30 December 1761, AFC AFC 1:1; AS to JA, 12 September 1763, 1:1; AS to JA, 12 September 1763, AFC AFC 1:8. 1:8.7. AS to JA, 19 April 1764, AS to JA, 19 April 1764, AFC AFC 1:4446; JA to AS, 9 May 1764, 1:4446; JA to AS, 9 May 1764, AFC AFC 1:4647. 1:4647.8. AS to JA, 4 October 1764, AS to JA, 4 October 1764, AFC AFC 1:5051. 1:5051.9. DA DA 3:25661, for John's autobiographical account of his family history and childhood. 3:25661, for John's autobiographical account of his family history and childhood.

10. All of John's biographers cover these early years, but see David McCullough, All of John's biographers cover these early years, but see David McCullough, John Adams John Adams (New York, 2001), 3753, for the most recent and comprehensive account. (New York, 2001), 3753, for the most recent and comprehensive account.

11. DA DA 3:27276, for the start of his legal career and the decision to delay marriage. 3:27276, for the start of his legal career and the decision to delay marriage.

12. Phyllis Lee Levin, Phyllis Lee Levin, Abigail Adams: A Biography Abigail Adams: A Biography (New York, 1987), 39. (New York, 1987), 39.

13. DA DA 1:21. 1:21.

14. DA DA 1:2627, 57. 1:2627, 57.

15. DA DA 1:63, 95. 1:63, 95.

16. DA DA 1:68. 1:68.

17. DA DA 1:1314. 1:1314.

18. DA DA 1:25. 1:25.

19. DA DA 1:33. 1:33.

20. EDJA EDJA, 73; John Ferling and Lewis E. Braverman, "John Adams's Health Reconsidered," (January 1998), 82104.

21. Edith B. Gelles, "The Abigail Industry," Edith B. Gelles, "The Abigail Industry," WMQ WMQ 45 (October 1988), 65683, for a cogent a.s.sessment of the scholarly literature on Abigail's primary ident.i.ty as a traditional wife and mother. 45 (October 1988), 65683, for a cogent a.s.sessment of the scholarly literature on Abigail's primary ident.i.ty as a traditional wife and mother.

22. For Abigail's upbringing, I find Lynn Withey, For Abigail's upbringing, I find Lynn Withey, Dearest Friend: A Life of Abigail Adams Dearest Friend: A Life of Abigail Adams (New York, 1981), 110, most sensible. The "wild colts" quotation is from a letter to John Quincy in 1804, when Abigail recalled her grandmother's advice. (New York, 1981), 110, most sensible. The "wild colts" quotation is from a letter to John Quincy in 1804, when Abigail recalled her grandmother's advice.

23. JA to AA, 20 April 1763, JA to AA, 20 April 1763, AFC AFC 1:45, for John's clearest acknowledgment that Abigail possessed a personal serenity that he envied and would never be able to match. 1:45, for John's clearest acknowledgment that Abigail possessed a personal serenity that he envied and would never be able to match.

24. Editorial note on the smallpox epidemic in Boston, Editorial note on the smallpox epidemic in Boston, AFC AFC 1:14; JA to AS, 11 April 1764, 1:14; JA to AS, 11 April 1764, AFC AFC 1:22. 1:22.

25. AS to JA, 12 April 1764, AS to JA, 12 April 1764, AFC AFC 1:2527. 1:2527.

26. AS to JA, 8 April 1764, AS to JA, 8 April 1764, AFC AFC 1:19. 1:19.

27. The best and most recent synthesis of the scholars.h.i.+p on the const.i.tutional crises is Gordon S. Wood, The best and most recent synthesis of the scholars.h.i.+p on the const.i.tutional crises is Gordon S. Wood, The American Revolution: A History The American Revolution: A History (New York, 2002), 362. (New York, 2002), 362.

28. AA to JA, 14 September 1767, AA to JA, 14 September 1767, AFC AFC 1:62; JA to AA, 23 May 1772, 1:62; JA to AA, 23 May 1772, AFC AFC 1:83; JA to AA, 29 June 1774, 1:83; JA to AA, 29 June 1774, AFC AFC 1:111. 1:111.

29. PA PA 1:4648, for the moralistic essays; 1:4648, for the moralistic essays; DA DA 1:17273, for John's diary account of tavern life. 1:17273, for John's diary account of tavern life.

30. PA PA 1:5894. 1:5894.

31. DA DA 3:284, for the composition of 3:284, for the composition of Dissertation Dissertation.

32. PA PA 1:10328. 1:10328.

33. PA PA 1:13235, 152. 1:13235, 152.

34. DA DA 1:263. 1:263.

35. JA to AA, 6 July 1774, JA to AA, 6 July 1774, AFC AFC 1:12829; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 31 January 1767, 1:12829; AA to Mary Smith Cranch, 31 January 1767, AFC AFC 1:6061. 1:6061.

36. DA DA 3:29495. 3:29495.

37. AA to Isaac Smith Jr., 20 April 1771, AA to Isaac Smith Jr., 20 April 1771, AFC AFC 1:7677. 1:7677.

38. DA DA 3:276. 3:276.

39. PA PA 1:15573. 1:15573.

40. PA PA 1:174211. 1:174211.

41. PA PA 1:252309. 1:252309.

42. DA DA 1:324, JA to William Tudor, 15 May 1817, 1:324, JA to William Tudor, 15 May 1817, AP AP, reel 123. For a more sympathetic portrait of Hutchinson, see Bernard Bailyn, The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson (Cambridge, Ma.s.s., 1974). (Cambridge, Ma.s.s., 1974).

43. DA DA 3:28788; JA to AA, 9 July 1774, 3:28788; JA to AA, 9 July 1774, AFC AFC 1:135. 1:135.

44. JA to AA, 1 July 1774, JA to AA, 1 July 1774, AFC AFC 1:119. 1:119.

45. DA DA 3:29194; the authoritative study is Hiller B. Zobel, 3:29194; the authoritative study is Hiller B. Zobel, The Boston Ma.s.sacre The Boston Ma.s.sacre (New York, 1970); on the role of Sam Adams behind the scenes, see Mark Puls, (New York, 1970); on the role of Sam Adams behind the scenes, see Mark Puls, Samuel Adams: Father of the American Revolution Samuel Adams: Father of the American Revolution (New York, 2006), 99111. (New York, 2006), 99111.

46. JA to AA, 7 July 1774, JA to AA, 7 July 1774, AFC AFC 1:131; 1:131; DA DA 3:292. 3:292.

47. JA to Isaac Smith Jr., [1771?], JA to Isaac Smith Jr., [1771?], AFC AFC 1:82. 1:82.

48. JA to AA, 12 May 1774, JA to AA, 12 May 1774, AFC AFC 1:107. 1:107.

49. JA to AA, 6 July 1774, JA to AA, 6 July 1774, AFC AFC 1:12627, for John's sense that there was no turning back. 1:12627, for John's sense that there was no turning back.

50. JA to AA, 2 July 1774, JA to AA, 2 July 1774, AFC AFC 1:121; also JA to AA, 12 May 1774, 1:121; also JA to AA, 12 May 1774, AFC AFC 1:107. 1:107.

51. Editorial note, Editorial note, AFC AFC 1:13637. 1:13637.

52. JA to AA, 23 June 1774, JA to AA, 23 June 1774, AFC AFC 1:1089. 1:1089.

53. Editorial note, Editorial note, AFC AFC 1:140. 1:140.

CHAPTER TWO. 177478.

1. AA to JA, 22 October 1775, AA to JA, 22 October 1775, AFC AFC 1:310; JA to AA, 23 October 1775, 1:310; JA to AA, 23 October 1775, AFC AFC 1:31112. 1:31112.2. AA to JA, 29 August 1776, AA to JA, 29 August 1776, AFC AFC 2:11213. 2:11213.3. JA to AA, 28 April 1776, JA to AA, 28 April 1776, AFC AFC 1:400; JA to AA, 22 May 1776, 1:400; JA to AA, 22 May 1776, AFC AFC 1:412. 1:412.4. JA to William Tudor, 7 October 1774, JA to William Tudor, 7 October 1774, PA PA 2:188. 2:188.5. AA to JA, 16 July 1775, AA to JA, 16 July 1775, AFC AFC 1:247, 250. 1:247, 250.6. JA to AA, 2 June 1776, JA to AA, 2 June 1776, AFC AFC 2:3. 2:3.7. JA to James Warren, 25 June 1775, JA to James Warren, 25 June 1775, PA PA 2:99. See also, in the same vein, 2:99. See also, in the same vein, DA DA 2:13435. 2:13435.8. DA DA 2:150. 2:150.9. DA DA 2:121, 173, 182; JA to AA, 25 September 1774, 2:121, 173, 182; JA to AA, 25 September 1774, AFC AFC 1:163. See also JA to AA, 9 October 1774, 1:163. See also JA to AA, 9 October 1774, AFC AFC 1:166. 1:166.

10. JA to William Tudor, 29 September 1774, JA to William Tudor, 29 September 1774, PA PA 2:177. 2:177.

11. On Macauley's view of English history, see Lucy M. Donnelly, "The Celebrated Mrs. Macauley," On Macauley's view of English history, see Lucy M. Donnelly, "The Celebrated Mrs. Macauley," WMQ WMQ 6 (April 1949), 173207. 6 (April 1949), 173207.

12. On Mercy Otis Warren, see Katherine Anthony, On Mercy Otis Warren, see Katherine Anthony, First Lady of the Revolution: The Life of Mercy Otis Warren First Lady of the Revolution: The Life of Mercy Otis Warren (New York, 1958). (New York, 1958).

13. AA to Catharine Sanbridge Macauley, [1774], AA to Catharine Sanbridge Macauley, [1774], AFC AFC 1:17779; AA to Mercy Otis Warren, 2 May 1775, 1:17779; AA to Mercy Otis Warren, 2 May 1775, AFC AFC 1:19091. See also AA to Mercy Otis Warren, 14 August 1777, 1:19091. See also AA to Mercy Otis Warren, 14 August 1777, AFC AFC 2:31314. 2:31314.

14. JA to AA, 17 June 1775, JA to AA, 17 June 1775, AFC AFC 1:216. 1:216.

15. See the editorial note on John's role in the First Continental Congress, See the editorial note on John's role in the First Continental Congress, PA PA 2:14452. For his own somewhat melodramatic version of his role, see 2:14452. For his own somewhat melodramatic version of his role, see DA DA 2:12454. His contribution to the Declaration of Rights and Grievances is recorded in 2:12454. His contribution to the Declaration of Rights and Grievances is recorded in JCC JCC 1:5455. 1:5455.

16. See the editorial note on See the editorial note on Novanglus, PA Novanglus, PA 2:21626. For the thirteen essays, see 2:21626. For the thirteen essays, see PA PA 2:226387. 2:226387.

17. JA to AA, 2 May 1775, JA to AA, 2 May 1775, AFC AFC 1:192; JA to AA, 8 May 1775, 1:192; JA to AA, 8 May 1775, AFC AFC 1:19596. 1:19596.

18. AA to JA, 18 June 1775, AA to JA, 18 June 1775, AFC AFC 1:2224. 1:2224.

19. See the editorial note on John Quincy's latter-day recollections in 1843, See the editorial note on John Quincy's latter-day recollections in 1843, AFC AFC 1:224; JA to AA, 7 July 1775, 1:224; JA to AA, 7 July 1775, AFC AFC 1:242; AA to JQA, 13 March 1802, 1:242; AA to JQA, 13 March 1802, UFC UFC.

20. AA to JA, 8 September 1775, AA to JA, 8 September 1775, AFC AFC 1:27678; AA to JA, 16 September 1775, 1:27678; AA to JA, 16 September 1775, AFC AFC 1:27879. See also Elizabeth A. Fenn, 1:27879. See also Elizabeth A. Fenn, Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 177582 Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 177582 (New York, 2001). (New York, 2001).

21. AA to JA, 3 June 1776, AA to JA, 3 June 1776, AFC AFC 2:4; AA to Mercy Otis Warren, January 1776, 2:4; AA to Mercy Otis Warren, January 1776, AFC AFC 1:422. 1:422.

22. JA to AA, 26 September 1775, JA to AA, 26 September 1775, AFC AFC 1:28586; JA to AA, 19 October 1775, 1:28586; JA to AA, 19 October 1775, AFC AFC 1:302. 1:302.

23. JA to AA, 7 October 1775, JA to AA, 7 October 1775, AFC AFC 1:295. 1:295.

24. AA to JA, 12 November 1775, AA to JA, 12 November 1775, AFC AFC 1:324. 1:324.

25. Paul C. Nagel, Paul C. Nagel, Descent from Glory: Four Generations of the John Adams Family Descent from Glory: Four Generations of the John Adams Family (New York, 1983), is the best survey of the subject, though I find his treatment of Abigail unduly harsh. See also David F. Musto, "The Youth of John Quincy Adams," American Philosophical Society (New York, 1983), is the best survey of the subject, though I find his treatment of Abigail unduly harsh. See also David F. Musto, "The Youth of John Quincy Adams," American Philosophical Society Proceedings Proceedings 113 (1969), 26982. 113 (1969), 26982.

26. JQA to JA, 13 October 1774, JQA to JA, 13 October 1774, AFC AFC 1:167; AA to JA, 5 November 1775, 1:167; AA to JA, 5 November 1775, AFC AFC 1:322. 1:322.

27. AA to JA, April 1777, AA to JA, April 1777, AFC AFC 2:229. 2:229.

28. JA to TBA, 6 May 1774, JA to TBA, 6 May 1774, AFC AFC 1:234; AA to JA, 7 May 1776, 1:234; AA to JA, 7 May 1776, AFC AFC 1:403. 1:403.

29. JA to AA, 22 May 1776, JA to AA, 22 May 1776, AFC AFC 1:41213. 1:41213.

30. JA to AA, 8 July 1777, JA to AA, 8 July 1777, AFC AFC 2:277. 2:277.

31. DA DA 3:355; the fellow delegate was none other than Thomas Jefferson, quoted in my 3:355; the fellow delegate was none other than Thomas Jefferson, quoted in my American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson (New York, 1997), 242. (New York, 1997), 242.

32. JA to Moses Gill, 10 June 1775, JA to Moses Gill, 10 June 1775, PA PA 3:21. 3:21.

33. JA to AA, 1 October 1775, JA to AA, 1 October 1775, AFC AFC 1:290. 1:290.

34. JA to AA, 17 June 1775, JA to AA, 17 June 1775, AFC AFC 1:215; AA to JA, 16 July 1775, 1:215; AA to JA, 16 July 1775, AFC AFC 1:246. 1:246.

35. JA to AA, 15 April 1776, JA to AA, 15 April 1776, AFC AFC 1:383. 1:383.

36. JA to John Trumbull, 13 February 1776, JA to John Trumbull, 13 February 1776, PA PA 4:22; for the arrival of news about the Prohibitory Act, see Jack N. Rakove, 4:22; for the arrival of news about the Prohibitory Act, see Jack N. Rakove, The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretive History of the Continental Congress The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretive History of the Continental Congress (New York, 1979), 9192. (New York, 1979), 9192.

37. AA to JA, 27 November 1775, AA to JA, 27 November 1775, AFC AFC 1:32930. 1:32930.

38. PA PA 4:6573, for the text and an editorial note on John's later comments on 4:6573, for the text and an editorial note on John's later comments on Thoughts Thoughts. I have discussed the significance of Thoughts Thoughts at greater length in at greater length in American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic (New York, 2007), 4649. (New York, 2007), 4649.

39. AA to JA, 31 March 1776, AA to JA, 31 March 1776, AFC AFC 1:370. 1:370.

40. JA to AA, 14 April 1776, JA to AA, 14 April 1776, AFC AFC 1:382. 1:382.