B. _Gills not separating spontaneously, nor easily from flesh of pileus._

* _Stem furnished with a volva, or an interwoven ring, or with both._

=Locellina=. Volva and ring both present.

=Pholiota=. Ring alone present.

** _Volva and ring both absent._

+ _Stem central._

=Pluteolus=. Gills free.

=Bolbitius=. Pileus membranaceous; gills deliquescent at maturity.

=Inocybe=. Stem fleshy, fibrous externally; pileus fibrillose or scaly; gills sinuato-adnexed.

=Hebeloma=. Stem fleshy, fibrous externally; pileus glabrous, viscid; gills sinuato-adnexed.

=Naucoria=. Stem cartilaginous externally; edge of pileus incurved at first; gills adnexed or adnate.

=Galera=. Stem cartilaginous externally; edge of pileus straight at first; gills adnexed or adnate, often with a decurrent tooth.

=Tubaria=. Stem cartilaginous externally; gills broadest behind, decurrent or adnato-decurrent.

=Flammula=. Stem fleshy, fibrous externally; gills adnate or decurrent.

=Cortinarius=. Universal veil cobweb-like, not forming an interwoven ring, often collapsing and forming a ring-like zone on the stem; stem fleshy, fibrous.

++ _Stem excentric or absent._

=Crepidotus=.

PAXILLUS, Fr.

A. LEPISTA. _Pileus entire, central._

[=sordarius=, Fr. P. convexo-gibbous then plano-depr. dingy white, edge at length spreading and sulcate; g. adnate, crowded; s. spongy-stuffed, equal, striate, greyish white; sp. 8 6.

=Alexandri=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. compact, plane then depr. dry, fawn, edge strongly incurved; g. subdecur. yellowish; s. 1-2 cm. stout; sp. 4-5 2-3.

=lepista=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. plano-depr. dry, dingy white, edge incurved, even, naked; g. deeply decur. rather branched, crowded, whitish; s.

solid, stout, pallid; sp. 8 6.

Differs from large sp. of _c.l.i.tocybe_ by strongly incurved p. and dingy spores.

=extenuatus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. rigid, campan. exp. naked, glabrous, moist, brownish tan, edge incurved, downy, even; g. deeply decur. closely crowded, white then dingy; s. 3-5 cm. solid, base tuberous, rooting; sp.

=panaeolus=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, exp. subdepr. glabrous, moist, white, edge incurved, thin; g. slightly decur. crowded, narrow, pale rusty; s.

2-3 cm. rufescent, thickened below; sp. subg. 5.

var. _spilomaeolus_, Fr. P. with drop-like spots; s. slender, yellowish white; g. pale rusty.

[=nitens=, Lamb. P. convex, fleshy, glutinous in damp weather, shining and velvety when dry, yellow-brown, edge incurved, paler; g. free, sinuate, closely crowded, becoming olive-brown; s. reddish-yellow, base darker.

=orcelloides=, Cke. and Ma.s.s. P. 2-4 cm. thin, exp. snow-white then with greyish blotches, edge incurved; g. adnato-decur. white then brownish; s. 2-3 cm. tapering to base, ochre; sp. 8 4.

Differs from _P. panaeolus_ in tapering stem and sp.

=lividus=, Cke. P. 2-5 cm. convex, disc depr. margin arched and incurved, dingy white or livid ochre; g. decur. broad, white; s. 6-9 cm.

narrowed downwards, white; sp. glob. 3-3.5, whitish.

Probably a sp. of _c.l.i.tocybe_.

=revolutus=, Cke. P. 2-3 cm. convex, pale ochre, edge thin, sometimes tinged lilac, a little upturned; g. deeply decur. pale tan; s. 2-3 cm.

narrowed downwards, paler than p., often tinged violet at base; sp.

glob. 3.5-4.

Differs from _P. lividus_ in deeply decur. coloured g.

B. TAPINIA. _Pileus usually excentric or resupinate._

=involutus=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. convex then depr. moist, rusty orange, incurved edge downy, flesh pallid; g. branched, broad, anastomosing behind, dingy ochre; s. solid, firm, 3-4 cm.; sp. 8-12 5-6.

var. _excentricus_, Fr. P. excentric; s. short, growing on wood.

=paradoxus=, Cke. P. 2-6 cm. convex then exp. sometimes irreg. densely tomentose, rufous umber with purple tinge; g. decur. connected by veins, yellow; s. 2-3 cm. fibrillose, red and yellow; sp. 20-22 7-8.

=leptopus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. excentric, gibbous then depr. yellow-brown, torn into downy squamules, flesh yellow; g. simple, very narrow, yellowish then darker; s. 1-2 cm. solid, base narrowed; sp. 8-9 5.

=atrotomentosus=, Fr. P. 6-12 cm. compact, excentric, gibbous then plano-infundib. dry, torn into granules, rusty; g. adnate, yellowish; s.

solid, rooting, densely covered with blackish tomentum; sp. 5 3.

[=griseotomentosus=, Fr. P. convexo-plane, gibbous, excentric, oblique, glabrous, tan, becoming rusty when bruised, edge incurved, downy; flesh watery; g. decur. broad, tan; s. stout, tuberous, velvety with grey down; sp. 9 long.

[=chrysophyllus=, Trog. P. campan.-plane, horizontal, cracked into scales, pale cinnamon; g. decur. broad, white then citrin; s. short, ascending, pallid.

=cra.s.sus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. oblique, nearly plane and even, becoming rusty; g. rather distant, cinnamon; s. very short, excentric, ascending; sp. 15-18 7-8.

Strongly suggests the genus _Flammula_.

[=ionipus=, Q. P. 5-10 cm. sh.e.l.l-shaped, oboval or oblong, glabrous, straw-colour with a tinge of olive, narrowed into a short, bulbous, tomentose, amethyst or lilac stem; flesh soft, citrin; g. decur.

transversely veined, branched, tinged olive then cinnamon; sp. 6-7 long.

=panuoides=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. sh.e.l.l-shaped, downy then glabrous, sessile becoming resupinate, dingy yellow; g. decur. crowded, branched, crisped, yellow; sp. 4-5 3-4.

var. _f.a.gi_, Cke. Gregarious, crisped; g. crisped, orange.