[Ill.u.s.tration: ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, RICHMOND, VA.

It was to this church that the message was brought from Lee to Davis announcing the necessity of evacuating Richmond.]

As Secretary of War of the United States, Mr. Davis strengthened the power that crushed the South; in every branch of the War Department, his genius and faithful and untiring service wrought improvements. In the days of giants like Webster, Clay and Calhoun, the brilliant Mississippian drew upon himself many eyes and his course had been watched as that of a bright particular star of great promise. The candidacy of Vice-President of the United States had been tendered him--he had been mentioned for the Presidency, and it is no wild speculation that had he abjured his convictions on the States' Rights' issue, he would have found himself some day in the seat Lincoln occupied. He has been accused of overweening ambition. The charge is not well sustained. He did not desire the Presidency of the Confederacy.

In 1861, "Harper's Weekly" said: "Personally, Senator Davis is the Bayard of Congress, _sans peur et sans reproche_; a high-minded gentleman; a devoted father; a true friend ... emphatically one of those born to command, and is doubtless destined to occupy a high position either in the Southern Confederacy or in the United States." He was "gloriously linked with the United States service in the field, the forum, and the Cabinet."

The Southern Confederacy failed, and he was "Davis, the Arch-Traitor."

"He wrote his last proclamation on this table," said Mrs. Sutherlin to me, her hand on the Egyptian marble where the President's fingers had traversed that final paper of state which expressed a confidence he could not have felt, but that he must have believed it duty to affirm. He had tried to make peace and had failed. Our armies were still in the field. A bold front on his part, if it could do no more, might enable our generals to secure better terms than unconditional surrender. At least, no worse could be tendered. That final message was the utterance of a brave soul, itself disheartened, trying to put heart into others. All along the way to Danville, people had flocked to the railroad to hear him, and he had spoken as he wrote.

He was an ill man, unutterably weary. He had borne the burden and heat of the day for four terrible years; he had been a target for the criticism even of his own people; all failures were laid at the door of this one man who was trying to run a government and conduct a war on an empty treasury.

It must have cost him something to keep up an unwavering front.

Lieutenant Wise, son of General Henry A. Wise, brought news that Lee's surrender was imminent; on learning of it, he had taken to horse and run through the enemy's cavalry, to warn the President. Starvation had brought Lee's army to bay. Men were living off grains of parched corn carried in their pockets. Sheridan's cavalry had captured the wagon-trains of food supplies. Also, the President was called from the dinner-table to see an old citizen, who repeated a story from some one who had seen General Lee in General Grant's tent. Other information followed.

Scouts came to say that Federal cavalry were advancing. There was danger that the President's way to the South might be cut off, danger that he might be captured. All were in haste to get him away; a special train was made up. The Sutherlin carriage drove hurriedly to the Mansion, the President and Major Sutherlin got out and entered the house.

"I am to bid you goodbye," said he to Mrs. Sutherlin, "and to thank you for your kindness. I shall ever remember it."

"O, but it is a privilege--an honour--something for me to remember!"

As explanations were being made and preparations hastened, the President said: "Speak low, lest we excite Mr. Memminger or distress his wife more than need be."

Mr. Memminger, ex-Secretary of the Treasury, was upstairs, very ill; the physician had just left after giving him a hypodermic of morphine and ordering absolute quiet. Friends decided that the sick man and his wife ran less risk in remaining than in following the President. But Mrs.

Memminger, leaning over the bal.u.s.trade, heard; and she and her husband came down and went after the President in a rude farm wagon, the only vehicle Mrs. Sutherlin could impress.

"Mr. Davis kept up a cheerful countenance the whole time he was here," his hostess has borne witness, "but I was sure that deep down in his heart he was not cheerful--I felt it. He was brave, self-possessed. Only once did he betray evidence of break-down. When he was leaving, I knew that he had no money in his pockets except Confederate notes--and these would buy next to nothing. We had some gold, and I offered it to him, pressed it upon him. He shook his head. Tears came into his eyes. 'No, no, my child,' he said, 'you and your husband are much younger than I am. You will need it.

I will not.' Mr. Davis did not expect to live long. He was sure he would be killed."

When General Sherman was accused by Stanton of treachery because he was not hotter on the scent of "Jeff Davis and his $13,000,000 treasure-trains," he retorted indignantly that those "treasure-trains dwindled down to the contents of a hand-valise" found on Mr. Davis when captured.

Mrs. Sutherlin pointed out to me the President's sleeping-room, an upper chamber overlooking the lawn with its n.o.ble trees, in whose branches mocking-birds lodge. At his first breakfast with her, Mr. Davis told Mrs.

Sutherlin how the songs of the mocking-birds refreshed him.

Another thing that cheered him in Danville was the enthusiasm of the school-girls of the Southern Female College; when these young ladies, in their best homespun gowns, went out on dress parade and beheld Mr. Davis riding by in Major Sutherlin's carriage, they drew themselves up in line, waved handkerchiefs and cheered to their hearts' content; he gave them his best bow and smile--that dignified, grave bow and smile his people knew so well. I have always been thankful for that bright bit in Mr. Davis' life during those supremely trying hours--for the songs of the mocking-birds and the cheers of the school-girls.

Some weeks after his departure, General Wright, U. S. A., in formal possession of Danville, pitched his tent opposite the Sutherlin Mansion.

The next Mrs. Sutherlin knew, an orderly was bearing in a large pitcher, another a big bowl, and between them General Wright's compliments and his hopes "that you may find this lemonade refreshing" and "be pleased to accept this white cut sugar, as the drink may not be sweet enough for your taste." Another day, an orderly appeared with a large, juicy steak; every short while orderlies came making presentation.

The Sutherlins accepted and returned courtesies. "We had as well be polite," said Major Sutherlin. "There's no use quarrelling with them because they have whipped us." When they came to him for official information as to where Confederate Government ice-houses were, he responded: "It is not my business to give you this information. Your commanders can find out for themselves. Meanwhile, General Wright and his staff are welcome to ice out of my own ice-houses." They found out for themselves with little delay.

[Ill.u.s.tration: LAST CAPITOL OF THE CONFEDERACY

The Sutherlin Mansion, Danville, Va., which, for a short time after the evacuation of Richmond, was the headquarters of the Confederate Government. President Davis and the members of his Cabinet were guests of Major Sutherlin at that time.

Photograph by Eutsler Bros., Danville, Va.]

On the verandah where the Confederate President and his advisers had lately gathered, Federal officers sat at ease, smoking sociably and conversing with the master of the house. If a meal-hour arrived, Major Sutherlin would say: "Gentlemen, will you join us?" Usually, invitation was accepted. Social recognition was the one thing the Northern soldier could not conquer in the South by main strength and awkwardness; he coveted and appreciated it.

All were listening for tidings of Johnston's surrender. At last the news came. Around the Sutherlin board one day sat six guests: three Federal officers in fine cloth and gold lace, three Confederate officers in shabby raiment. A noise as of a terrific explosion shook the house. "Throw up the windows!" said the mistress to her servants, an ordinary command when shattering of gla.s.s by concussion was an every-day occurrence in artillery-ridden Dixie. Save for this sentence, there was complete silence at the table. The officers laid down their knives and forks and said not one word. They knew that those guns announced the surrender of Johnston's army. I suppose it was the salute of 200--the same that had been ordered at every post as glorification of Lee's surrender.

Some time after this, Mayor Walker came to Major Sutherlin with a telegram announcing that General Meade and his staff would stop in Danville over night. They had been or were going to South Carolina on a mission of relief to whites who were in peril from blacks. At the Mayor's request, Major Sutherlin met the officers at the train.

"General," was his cordial greeting to General Meade, a splendid-looking officer at that day, "I am here to claim you and your staff as my guests."

General Meade, accepting, said: "I will have my ambulance bring us up."

"O, no, General! You come in my carriage, if you will do me that honour.

It is waiting."

At breakfast, General Meade said to his hostess: "Madam, Southern hospitality has not been praised too highly. I trust some day to see you North that I may have opportunity to match your courtesy." Another time: "Madam, I trust that no misfortune will come to you because of the troubled state of our country. But if there should, I may be of service to you. You have only to command me, and I ask it as a favour that you will."

A Northern friend had warned her: "Mrs. Sutherlin, I fear your property may be confiscated because of the uses to which it has been put in the service of the Confederate Government. You should take advantage of General Wright's good will and of the good will of other Federal officers towards Major Sutherlin to make your t.i.tle secure." Did she ask General Meade now to save her home to her?

"General, hospitality is our privilege and you owe us no debt. But I beg you to extend the kindly feelings you express toward Major Sutherlin and myself to one who lately sat where you now sit, at my right hand. I would ask you to use your influence to secure more gracious hospitality to our President who is in prison."

Dead silence. One could have heard a pin fall.

Wholesale confiscation of Greensboro was threatened because of Mr. Davis'

stop there. Major Sutherlin strove with tact and diligence to prevent it.

He lost no opportunity to cultivate kindly relations with Northerners of influence, and to inaugurate a reign of good-will generally. Receiving a telegram saying that Colonel Buford, a Northern officer, and his party, would pa.s.s through Danville, the Major went to his wife and said: "I am going to invite those Yankees here. I want you to get up the finest dinner you can for them." Feeling was high and sore; she did not smile. The day of their arrival he appeared in trepidation. "I have another telegram," he said. "To my surprise, there are ladies in the party."

This was too much for the honest "rebel" soul of her. Men she could avoid seeing except at table; but with ladies for her guests, more olive branches must be exchanged than genuine feeling between late enemies could possibly warrant. But her guests found her a perfect hostess, grave, sincere, hospitable.

There was a young married pair. When her faithful coloured man went up to their rooms to render service, they were afraid of him, were careful he should not enter, seemed to fear that of himself or as the instrument of his former owners he might do them injury.

Such queer, contradictory ideas Yankees had of us and our black people. A Northern girl visiting the niece of Alexander H. Stephens at a plantation where there were many negroes, asked: "Where are the blood-hounds?" "The blood-hounds! We haven't any." "How do you manage the negroes without them? I thought all Southerners kept blood-hounds--that only blood-hounds could keep negroes from running away." "I never saw a blood-hound in my life," Miss Stephens replied. "I don't know what one is like. None of our friends keep blood-hounds."

But to the Sutherlin Mansion. The bride asked: "Mrs. Sutherlin, what room did Mr. Davis occupy?"

"That in which you sleep."

The bride was silent. Then: "It is a pleasant room. The mocking-birds are singing when we wake in the morning. Sometimes, I hear them in the night."

A shadow fell on the hostess' face. The words recalled the thought of Mr.

Davis, now shut out from the sight of the sky and the voice of the birds.

It has been said of this or that place at which Mr. Davis, moving southward from Danville, stopped, that it was the "Last Capital of the Confederacy." He held a Cabinet meeting in Colonel Wood's house in Greensboro; was in Charlotte several days; held a Cabinet meeting or council of war in the Armistead Burt House, Abbeville, S. C.; and in the Old Bank, Washington, Ga. He said in council at Abbeville: "I will listen to no proposition for my safety. I appeal to you for our country."

He stopped one night at Salisbury, with the Episcopal minister, whose little daughter ran in while all were at the breakfast-table, and standing between her father and Mr. Davis, cried out in childish terror and distress: "O, Papa, old Lincoln's coming and is going to kill us all!"

President Davis laid down his knife and fork, lifted her face, and said rea.s.suringly: "No, no, my little lady! Mr. Lincoln is not such a bad man, and I am sure he would not harm a little girl like you."

While the President was at Charlotte, there was another memorable peace effort, Sherman and Johnston arranging terms. Johnston's overture was dated April 13; Sherman's reply, "I am fully empowered to arrange with you any terms for the suspension of hostilities," April 14, the last day of Lincoln's life. Mr. Davis wrote General Johnston: "Your course is approved." Mr. Stanton nearly branded Sherman as a traitor. Sherman gave Johnston notice that he must renew hostilities. Mr. Davis left Charlotte, thinking war still on.

[Ill.u.s.tration: THE OLD BANK BUILDING, WASHINGTON, GA.

The last meeting place of the Confederate Cabinet when that body was reduced to two or three members.

Photographed in 1899]