_Obs._ The second is the form commonly adopted in the laboratory. When made with the juice of borage, burgloss, &c., it forms the old 'ALOES INSUCCATA,'--_Dose_, 5 to 15 gr. See ALOES and EXTRACT OF BARBADOES ALOES.

=Extract of Aloes, prepared with Sulphuric Acid.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ALOeS ACIDO SULFURICO CORr.e.c.t.u.m (Germ. Ph.). _Prep._ Dissolve extract of aloes, 8 ounces, in distilled water 32 ounces, then gradually add sulphuric acid, 1 oz. (by weight), and evaporate to a dry extract.

=Extract of Anem'one.= See EXTRACT OF PASQUE FLOWER.

=Extract of Angel'ica.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ANGELICae, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph.

Baden.) From a tincture of the root, prepared with spirit sp. gr. 944 (= 21-1/2 u. p.).

2. (Ph. Bor.) Angelica root and rectified spirit, of each 2 parts; water, 9 parts; digest, strain, and evaporate. Inferior to the preceding.

3. (Dr Moir.) Angelica root, 2 lbs.; rectified spirit, 1 gall.; make a tincture; to the 'marc' add proof spirit, 1 gall., and repeat the digestion; filter the two tinctures separately, mix, distil off the spirit, and evaporate. Balsamic, stomachic, and tonic.--_Dose_, 10 to 20 gr. The last is the most balsamic and agreeable.

=Extract of Ap'ples.= _Syn._ CHALYBEATED E. OF A.; EXTRACTUM FERRI POMATUM, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. Bor.) Crab-apples (unripe), 6 lbs.; peel them and reduce them to a pulp; add iron wire (in small coils), 1 lb.; digest in a vapour bath for about a week, express, strain, decant, and evaporate in a porcelain vessel, with constant stirring, to the consistence of a soft extract; dissolve the residuum in water, 4 parts, strain and evaporate as before.--_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.; as a chalybeate tonic. The formula of the Ph. Baden is nearly similar.

2. (Ph. Germ.) Reduce 5 lbs. of unripe apples to a pulp; mix them with cut straw, and press. To the strained juice after removal of the sediment add 1-1/2 oz. of reduced iron. When this has dissolved, to the cooled liquid add as much water as will make up 4-3/4 lbs. Filter, and reduce to a thick extract.

=Extract of Ar'nica.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF ARNICA FLOWERS; EXTRACTUM ARNICae FLORUM, L. _Prep._ 1. (P. Cod.) From the dried flowers, as ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE--P. Cod.

2. (Ph. Graeca, 1837.) From a tincture of the flowers, prepared with rectified spirit, 3 parts, and water, 5 parts.--_Dose_, 2 to 6 gr.; as a stimulant in various diseases accompanied with debility, deficient nervous sensibility, paralysis, dropsies, diarrha, amenorrha, dysentery, &c.

=Extract of Arnica-Root.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF ARNICA; EXTRACTUM ARNICae RADICIS, L. _Prep._ 1. (Ph. Baden.) As EXTRACT OF ANGELICA--Ph. Baden.

2. (Ph. Graeca.) From tincture of the root, prepared as No. 2 (_above_).

The form of the Hamburg Codex is nearly similar.--_Dose, &c._ As the last.

=Extract of Art'ichoke.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM CYNARae, L. _Prep._ From the fresh leaves of the artichoke, as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--Ph. L.--_Dose_, 3 to 6 gr., twice or thrice daily; in rheumatism, &c.

=Extract of Aspar'agus.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM ASPARAGI, L. _Prep._ 1.

(Soubeiran.) From the expressed juice of the shoots, clarified and evaporated by a gentle heat.

2. From the juice of the roots, as No. 1. Both are diuretic.--_Dose_, 15 gr. to 1/2 dr., or more.

=Extract of Bael.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM BELae LIQUIDUM, L. B. P. Bael, 1; distilled water, 15; rectified spirit, 1/8; macerate for 12 hours in 5 of the water, pour off the liquid, repeat the operation twice for 1 hour; press, filter, and evaporate to 1, including the spirit. A fluid ounce is equal to a solid ounce.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 dr.

=Extract of Balsam Apple.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM BALSAMIMae. The insp.i.s.sated juice of the balsam apple.--_Dose_, 5 to 15 drops in dropsy.

=Extract of Bark.= See EXTRACT OF CINCHONA.

=Extract of Belladon'na.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF DEADLY NIGHTSHADE, INSp.i.s.sATED JUICE OF BELLADONNA; EXTRACTUM BELLADONNae (B. P., Ph. L. E. & D.), SUCCUS Sp.i.s.sATUS BELLADONNae, L. _Prep._ 1. (B. P.) Take 112 lbs. of fresh leaves and tender branches, bruise in a stone mortar or other suitable apparatus, and press out the juice, heat it gradually to 130 F., separate the green colouring matter by a calico filter, heat the strained liquor to 200 F.

to coagulate the alb.u.men, and again filter; evaporate the filtrate by a water bath to the consistence of a thin syrup, then add to it the green colouring matter previously separated, and, stirring the whole together a.s.siduously, continue the evaporation at a temperature not exceeding 140, until the extract is of a suitable consistence for forming pills.--_Dose_, 1/4 to 1/2 gr., gradually increased to 1 or 2 gr.

2. (Ph. E.) Express the juice from the bruised fresh plant, sprinkle the 'marc' with water, and again apply pressure; mix the expressed liquids, filter them, and evaporate the filtered liquor in a vapour bath to the consistence of an extract.

3. (Ph. D.) From the leaves, collected when the plant begins to flower.

The expressed juice is allowed to stand for 24 hours, and the clear portion is decanted; the sediment is placed on a calico filter, washed with an equal bulk of cold water, and the filtrate mixed with the expressed juice. The mixed liquid is next heated in a water bath, to coagulate its alb.u.men, and after being skimmed, and filtered through flannel whilst hot, the washed sediment is added, and the whole evaporated, as before.

4. (Ph. U. S.) The expressed juice is heated to the boiling-point, filtered and evaporated (see _below_).

_Obs._ The P. Cod. directs this extract to be made by two different formulae. The product of the one resembles that of the Ph. L.; that of the other, that of the Ph. E. That of the Ph. L., from retaining the fecula, is the weakest preparation.--_Dose_, 1/2 gr. to 1 gr., gradually increased to 3 or 4 gr.; as an anodyne in neuralgia, tic-douloureux, &c.; as an antispasmodic to relieve rigidity and spasms, in various affections of the uterus, r.e.c.t.u.m, urethra, bladder, &c., and in hooping-cough; in various maladies of the eyes; and as a resolvent and discutient in several glandular diseases. It has been highly recommended as a preservative against scarlet fever. It is most frequently employed externally, under the form of a plaster, ointment, or lotion. It is poisonous.

5. (Alcoholic; E. B. ALCOHOLIc.u.m, L.)--_a._ (P. Cod.) As ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACONITE--P. Cod.

_b._ (Ph. U. S.) As the last (nearly), using spirit of 935 (=about 13 u.

p.).

_c._ (Moir.) The expressed juice is coagulated by heat, cautiously applied, and filtered; the filtrate is reduced to the consistence of a syrup, and mixed with an equal volume of nearly anhydrous alcohol (say of 90%); the clear portion is lastly evaporated, as before.

_Obs._ The above is much more powerful than the common extract, and is chiefly used in external applications. See BELLADONNA, and _below_.

=Extract of Belladonna Ber'ries.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM BACCARUM BELLADONNae, L.

_Prep._ (P. Cod.) From the expressed juice of the berries, evaporated to the consistence of thick honey.--_Dose_, 1 to 5 gr.

=Extract of Bis'tort.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM BISTORTae, L. _Prep._ 1. (P. Cod.) From the dried root of bistort or snake-weed (_Polygonum Bistorta_), by percolation with temperate distilled water.

2. From the infusion made with boiling water, or from the decoction.

Astringent and tonic.--_Dose_, 10 gr. to 1/2 dr.

=Extract of Bit'ter-sweet.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF WOODY NIGHTSHADE; EXTRACTUM DULCAMARae, L. _Prep._ 1. From the decoction of the stalks.

2. (Ph. U. S.) From the dried stalks, by percolation with temperate water.

Diaph.o.r.etic, diuretic, and narcotic.--_Dose_, 3 to 6 gr.; in chronic asthma, rheumatism, and chest diseases; and particularly in chronic skin diseases.

=Extract, Black.= See EXTRACT OF COCCULUS.

=Extract of Black Pepper.= See EXTRACT OF PEPPER.

=Extract of Bladder-wrack.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM FUCI VESICULOSI. From the dried plant of the bladder-wrack. Given in obesity.

=Extract of Bor'age.= Syn. EXTRACTUM BORAGINIS, L. _Prep._ 1. (P. Cod.) From the dried herb (_Borago officinalis_).

2. (Ph. Lusit.) From the clarified juice of the fresh plant. Exhilarating, restorative, and pectoral.--_Dose_, 10 to 30 gr., or more.

=Extract of Box.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM BUXI, E. CORTICIS B., L. _Prep._ (P.

Cod.) From the tincture of the root bark, prepared (with proof spirit) by displacement, as EXTRACT OF ACONITE--P. Cod.

=Extract of Broom.= _Syn._ EXTRACT OF BROOM TOPS; EXTRACTUM SCOPARII, E.

SPARTII SCOPARII, L. From decoction of broom tops. Diuretic and cathartic; and, occasionally, emetic.--_Dose_, 20 gr. to 1 dr.; in dropsy, &c. It is now seldom used.

=Extract of Bry'ony.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM BRYONIae, E. B. ALBae, E. RADICIS B.

A., L. _Prep._ From the infusion or decoction of the root of white bryony (_Bryonia dioica_). Purgative, diuretic, and emmenagogue.--_Dose_, 10 gr.

to 1/2 dr. It was once a favourite remedy in asthma, dropsy, epilepsy, &c.

=Extract of Bu'chu.= _Syn._ EXTRACTUM BUCHU, E. DIOSMae, L. _Prep._ 1. From buchu leaves, as the last.

2. (Ethereo-alcoholic; E. B. aeTHERO-ALCOHOLIc.u.m, L.--W. Procter.) Buchu (in coa.r.s.e powder), 1 lb.; ether, 4 fl. oz.; alcohol (rectified spirit), 12 fl. oz.; percolate without digestion, adding dilute alcohol until a pint of ethereo-alcoholic tincture is obtained, and suffer this to evaporate spontaneously; treat the residue in the displacer with dilute alcohol, till 2 pints are obtained; evaporate to a syrup, add the product of the first tincture, mix, and complete the evaporation.--_Dose_, 5 to 10 gr.; in diseases of the urinary organs, &c.

3. (Fluid; E. B. FLUIDUM, L.--W. Procter.) Buchu leaves, 8 oz.; rectified spirit, 16 fl. oz.; for a tincture by displacement, adding water, until 12 fl. oz. have pa.s.sed through; allow this to evaporate spontaneously until reduced to one half; next digest the ma.s.s in the percolator with cold water, 1 pint, for 12 hours, express a pint, and evaporate this to 10 fl.

oz.; lastly, add the 6 fl. oz. of residual tincture, agitate together, and in a few days filter, or decant the clear portion.--_Dose_, 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls. See DIOSMA.