Part 20
-----+--------------------+------+------+---------+---------+-----+ YEAR
OF
CANDIDATES
POLIT-
ELEC-
ELEC-
FOR
ICAL
POPULAR
TORAL
TION
PRESIDENT
STATES
PARTY
VOTE
PLURALITY
VOTE
-----+--------------------+------+------+---------+---------+-----+ 1876
Samuel J. Tilden
N. Y.
Dem.
4,284,885
250,935
184
Rutherford B. Hayes*
O.
Rep.
4,033,950
185
Peter Cooper
N. Y.
Gre'nb
81,740
Green Clay Smith
Ky.
Pro.
9,522
James B. Walker
Ill.
Amer.
2,636
-----+--------------------+------+------+---------+---------+-----+ 1880
James A. Garfield*
O.
Rep.
4,449,053
7,018
214
W. S. Hanc.o.c.k
Pa.
Dem.
4,442,035
155
James B. Weaver
Iowa
Gre'nb
307,306
Neal Dow
Me.
Pro.
10,305
John W. Phelps
Vt.
Amer.
707
-----+--------------------+------+------+---------+---------+-----+ 1884
Grover Cleveland*
N. Y.
Dem.
4,911,017
62,683
219
James G. Blaine
Me.
Rep.
4,848,334
182
John P. St. John
Kan.
Pro.
151,809
Benjamin F. Butler
Ma.s.s.
Gre'nb
133,825
P. D. Wigginton
Cal.
Amer.
-----+--------------------+------+------+---------+---------+-----+ 1888
Grover Cleveland
N. Y.
Dem.
5,440,216
168
Benjamin Harrison*
Ind.
Rep.
5,538,233
98,017
233
Clinton B. Fisk
N. J.
Pro.
249,907
Alson J. Streeter
Ill.
U. L.
148,105
R. H. Cowdry
Ill.
U'd L.
2,808
James L. Curtis
N. Y.
Amer.
1,591
-----+--------------------+------+------+---------+---------+-----+ 1892
Grover Cleveland*
N. Y.
Dem.
5,556,918
380,810
277
Benjamin Harrison
Ind.
Rep.
5,176,108
145
James B. Weaver
Iowa
Peop.
1,041,028
22
John Bidwell
Cal.
Pro.
264,133
Simon Wing
Ma.s.s.
Soc L.
21,164
-----+--------------------+------+------+---------+---------+-----+ 1896
William McKinley*
O.
Rep.
7,104,779
601,854
271
William J. Bryan
Neb.
Dem. }
6,502,925
170
William J. Bryan
Neb.
Peop.}
Joshua Levering
Md.
Pro.
132,007
John M. Palmer
Ill.
N Dem.
133,148
Charles H. Matchett
N. Y.
Soc L.
30,274
Charles E. Bentley
Neb.
Nat.
13,969
-----+--------------------+------+------+---------+---------+-----+ 1900
William McKinley*
O.
Rep.
7,207,923
849,790
292
William J. Bryan
Neb.
Dem P.
6,358,133
155
John G. Woolley
Ill.
Pro.
208,914
Wharton Barker
Pa.
MP.
50,373
Eugene V. Debs
Ind.
Soc D.
87,815
Jos. F. Malloney
Ma.s.s.
Soc L.
39,739
J. F. R. Leonard
Ia.
UC.
1,059
Seth H. Ellis
O.
UR.
5,698
-----+--------------------+------+------+---------+---------+-----+ 1904
Theodore Roosevelt*
N. Y.
Rep.
7,623,486
2,545,515
336
Alton B. Parker
N. Y.
Dem.
5,077,911
140
Eugene V. Debs
Ind.
Soc.
402,283
Silas C. Swallow
Pa.
Pro.
258,536
Thomas E. Watson
Ga.
Peop.
117,183
Charles H. Corrigan
N. Y.
Soc L.
31,249
-----+--------------------+------+------+---------+---------+-----+ 1908
William H. Taft*
O.
Rep.
7,678,908
1,269,804
321
William J. Bryan
Neb.
Dem.
6,409,104
162
Eugene V. Debs
Ind.
Soc.
420,793
Eugene W. Chafin
Ariz.
Pro.
253,840
Thomas E. Watson
Ga.
Peo.
29,100
August Gillhaus
N. Y.
Soc L.
13,825
Thos. L. Hisgen
Ma.s.s.
Ind.
82,872
-----+--------------------+------+------+---------+---------+-----+ 1912
Woodrow Wilson*
N. J.
Dem.
6,292,718
2,235,289
435
William H. Taft
O.
Rep.
3,369,221
15
Theodore Roosevelt
N. Y.
Prog.
4,057,429
81
Eugene V. Debs
Ind.
Soc.
812,731
Eugene W. Chafin
Ariz.
Pro.
170,626
Arthur E. Reimer
Ma.s.s.
Soc L.
17,312
-----+--------------------+------+------+---------+---------+-----+
-----+---------------------+------+------+----- YEAR
OF
CANDIDATES
POLIT-
ELEC- ELEC-
FOR
ICAL
TORAL TION
VICE PRESIDENT
STATES
PARTY
VOTE -----+---------------------+------+------+----- 1876
T. A. Hendricks
Ind.
Dem.
184
William A. Wheeler*
N. Y.
Rep.
185
Samuel F. Cary
O.
Gre'nb
Gideon T. Stewart
O.
Pro.
D. Kirkpatrick
N. Y.
Amer.
-----+---------------------+------+------+----- 1880
Chester A. Arthur*
N. Y.
Rep.
214
William H. English
Ind.
Dem.
155
B. J. Chambers
Tex.
Gre'nb
H. A. Thompson
O.
Pro.
S. C. Pomeroy
Kan.
Amer.
-----+---------------------+------+------+----- 1884
T. A. Hendricks*
Ind.
Dem.
219
John A. Logan
Ill.
Rep.
182
William Daniel
Md.
Pro.
A. M. West
Miss.
Gre'nb
-----+---------------------+------+------+----- 1888
Allen G. Thurman
O.
Dem.
168
Levi P. Morton*
N. Y.
Rep.
233
John A. Brooks
Mo.
Pro.
C. E. Cunningham
Ark.
U. L.
W. H. T. Wakefield
Kan.
U'd L.
James B. Greer
Tenn.
Amer.
-----+---------------------+------+------+----- 1892
Adlai E. Stevenson*
Ill.
Dem.
277
Whitelaw Reid
N. Y.
Rep.
145
James G. Field
Va.
Peop.
22
James B. Cranfill
Tex.
Pro.
Charles H. Matchett
N. Y.
Soc L.
-----+---------------------+------+------+----- 1896
Garret A. Hobart*
N. J.
Rep.
271
Arthur Sewall
Me.
Dem.
149
Thomas E. Watson
Ga.
Peop.
27
Hale Johnson
Ill.
Pro.
Simon B. Buckner
Ky.
N Dem.
Matthew Maguire
N. J.
Soc L.
James H. Southgate
N. C.
Nat.
-----+---------------------+------+------+----- 1900
Theodore Roosevelt*
N. Y.
Rep.
292
Adlai E. Stevenson
Ill.
Dem P.
155
Henry B. Metcalf
O.
Pro.
Ignatius Donnelly
Minn.
MP.
Job Harriman
Cal.
Soc D.
Valentine Rommel
Pa.
Soc L.
John G. Woolley
Ill.
UC.
Samuel T. Nicholson
Pa.
UR.
-----+---------------------+------+------+----- 1904
Charles W. Fairbanks*
Ind.
Rep.
336
Henry G. Davis
W. Va.
Dem.
140
Benjamin Hanford
N. Y.
Soc.
George W. Carroll
Tex.
Pro.
Thomas H. Tibbles
Neb.
Peop.
William W. c.o.x
Ill.
Soc L.
-----+---------------------+------+------+----- 1908
James S. Sherman*
N. Y.
Rep.
321
John W. Kern
Ind.
Dem.
162
Benjamin Hanford
N. Y.
Soc.
Aaron S. Watkins
O.
Pro.
Samuel Williams
Ind.
Peo.
Donald L. Munro
Va.
Soc L.
John Temple Graves
Ga.
Ind.
-----+---------------------+------+------+----- 1912
Thomas R. Marshall*
Ind.
Dem.
435
Herbert S. Hadley
Mo.
Rep.
15
Hiram W. Johnson
Cal.
Prog.
81
Emil Seidel
Wis.
Soc.
Aaron S. Watkins
O.
Pro.
August Gillhaus
N. Y.
Soc L.
-----+---------------------+------+------+----- * The candidates starred were elected. This table is from the _World Almanac_. The figures are in some cases slightly different from those used in the text, which are taken from Stanwood, _History of the Presidency_.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
_Guide to Literature of Current History_
The best general bibliography for handy use is Channing, Hart, and Turner, _Guide to the Study and Reading of American History_ (new ed.
1912).
G. E. Howard, _Present Political Questions_ (1913)--a valuable syllabus of current questions with discriminating and full bibliographies (published by the University of Nebraska).
The Library of Congress publishes useful bibliographies on special topics of current political and historical interest. A list may be obtained by addressing the Librarian, Washington, D.C.
An important annual review of the current literature of American history is to be found in _Writings on American History_; published by Macmillan, 1906-1908; by the American Historical a.s.sociation, 1909-1911; and now by the Yale University Press.
Excellent topical bibliographies are to be found in each of the volumes in Hart, American Nation Series. The four volumes by Dunning, Sparks, Dewey, and Latane should be consulted for the period here covered.
_General Works_
The best general treatment of the period from 1877 to 1907 is to be found in the four volumes of the American Nation Series edited by A. B.
Hart: W. A. Dunning, _Reconstruction: Political and Economic_; E. E.
Sparks, _National Development, 1877-1885_; D. R. Dewey, _National Problems; 1885-1897_; J. H. Latane, _America as a World Power, 1897-1907_. Each of these volumes contains an excellent bibliography of political and economic materials.
H. T. Peck, _Twenty Years of the Republic_ (1906)--readable work covering the period from Cleveland's first administration to 1905.
Edward Stanwood, _History of the Presidency_ (1896 ed.). A second volume (1912) brings the work down to 1909 and contains the platforms of 1912--useful for political sketches and the platforms and election statistics.
_The American Year Book_, published since 1910, contains an annual survey of American political history and const.i.tutional and social development.
For political and economic matters see the current publications and proceedings of the American Political Science a.s.sociation, the American Economic a.s.sociation, and the American Sociological Society.
_Personal and Biographical Works_
J. P. Altgeld, _Live Questions_ (1890)--valuable for the radical movement within the Democratic party.
F. Bancroft, _Speeches, Correspondence and Political Papers of Carl Schurz_ (1913), 6 vols.
John Bigelow, _Life of Samuel J. Tilden_ (1896).
G. S. Boutwell, _Reminiscences of Sixty Years_ (1902).
Grover Cleveland, _The Independence of the Executive_ (1900); _Presidential Problems_ (1904)--particularly valuable for the Chicago strike and the bond issues; G. F. Parker, _Writings and Speeches of Grover Cleveland_ (1892); A. E. Bergh, _Addresses, State Papers, and Letters of Grover Cleveland_ (1909).
J. A. Garfield, _Currency Speeches in the House, 1868-1870_; B. A.
Hinsdale, _Works of J. A. Garfield_ (1882-1883) 2 vols.; _Great Speeches of J. A. Garfield_ (1881).
Benjamin Harrison, _Public Papers and Addresses_ (Govt. Printing Office, 1893); _This Country of Ours_ (1897)--a popular view of the national government; J. S. Shriver, _Speeches of Benjamin Harrison_ (1891); M. L.
Harrison, _Views of an Ex-President_ [Harrison] (1901).
G. F. h.o.a.r, _Autobiography of Seventy Years_ (1903).
R. M. La Follette, _Autobiography_ (1913)--particularly valuable for the history of the radical movement within the Republican party and the origin of the Progressive party.
Wm. McKinley, _Speeches and Addresses from Election to Congress to the Present Time_ (1893); _Speeches and Addresses, 1897-1900_ (1900); _The Tariff--a Review of Its Legislation from 1812 to 1896_ (1904); J. S.
Ogilvie, _Life and Speeches of McKinley_ (1896).
L. A. Coolidge, _An Old-Fashioned Senator_ [O. H. Platt] (1910).
Thomas C. Platt, _Autobiography_ (1910).
Theodore Roosevelt, _The New Nationalism_ (1910) contains the famous speech on that subject and other essays; _An Autobiography_ (1913)--an intimate view of his political career.
John Sherman, _Recollections of Forty Years_ (1897).
Edward Stanwood, _James G. Blaine_ (1905).
W. H. Taft, _Political Issues and Outlooks_ (1909); _Presidential Addresses and State Papers_ (1910).
Woodrow Wilson, _The New Freedom_ (1913). An edited collection of President Wilson's campaign speeches arranged to exhibit in systematic form his political and economic doctrines.
_Topical Bibliography_
THE ECONOMIC REVOLUTION: Coman, _Economic History of the United States_ (1911 ed.)--several useful chapters on the period since the Civil War; R. T. Ely, _Evolution of Industrial Society_ (1906).
TARIFF: Edward Stanwood, _American Tariff Controversies in the Nineteenth Century_ (1903); F. W. Taussig, _Tariff History of the United States_ (1910 ed.).
FINANCE: See the annual review in the _American Year Book_; D.
R. Dewey, _Financial History of the United States_ (1903); A. B.
Hepburn, _History of Coinage and Currency in the United States_ (1903); J. L. Laughlin, _History of Bimetallism in the United States_ (1897); W.
H. Harvey, _Coin's Financial School_ (1894)--the famous work which did so much to stir up popular sentiment in favor of free silver; W. J.
Bryan, _The First Battle_ (1897)--invaluable for the political aspects of the question.
TRUSTS: I. M. Tarbell, _The History of the Standard Oil Company_ (1904); G. H. Montague, _The Rise and Progress of the Standard Oil Company_ (1903)--more favorable to trusts than the preceding work; H. D. Lloyd, _Wealth against Commonwealth_ (1894)--a critical attack on the evil practices of trusts; J. W. Jenks, _The Trust Problem_ (1905 ed.)--study of the methods and causes of trusts; John Moody, _The Truth about the Trusts_ (1904)--full of valuable historical and statistical data; W. Z. Ripley, _Trusts, Pools, and Corporations_ (1905)--a useful collection of historical and descriptive materials.
RAILWAYS: W. Z. Ripley, _Railroads: Rates and Regulation_ (1913)--a monumental and scholarly treatise; E. R. Johnson, _American Railway Transportation_ (1903); H. S. Haines, _Restrictive Railway Legislation in the United States_ (1905); B. H. Meyer, _Railway Legislation in the United States_ (1903).
CIVIL SERVICE: C. R. Fish, _Civil Service and the Patronage_ (1905, Harvard Studies); L. G. Tyler, _Parties and Patronage_ (1888).
POPULISM: S. J. Buck, _The Granger Movement ... 1870-1880_ (1913, Harvard Studies)--important for all aspects of agrarianism for the period; F. L. McVey, _The Populist Movement_ (1896).
LABOR: R. T. Ely, _The Labor Movement in America_ (1902); T. V.
