12. When the perceptions of Yoga, arising from earth, water, light, fire, ether, have taken place, then Yoga has begun. Unto him does not come disease, nor old age, nor death, who has got a body made up of the fire of Yoga.

13. The first signs of entering Yoga are lightness, health, non-covetousness, clearness of complexion, a beautiful voice, an agreeable odour in the body, and scantiness of excretions.

14. As gold or silver, first covered with earth, and then cleaned, shines full of light, so the embodied man seeing the truth of the Atman as one, attains the goal and becomes sorrowless.

Yjnavalkya quoted by Shankara

( In Svetshvatara Upanishad Bhshya.) "After practicing the postures as desired, according to rules, then, O Grgi, the man who has conquered the posture will practice Prnyma.

"Seated in an easy posture, on a (deer or tiger) skin, placed on Kusha gra.s.s, worshipping Ganapati with fruits and sweetmeats, placing the right palm on the left, holding the throat and head in the same line, the lips closed and firm, facing the east or the north, the eyes fixed on the tip of the nose, avoiding too much food or fasting, the Ndis should be purified, without which the practice will be fruitless. Thinking of the (seed-word) "Hum," at the junction of Pingal and Id (the right and the left nostrils), the Ida should be filled with external air in twelve Mtrs (seconds); then the Yogi meditates on fire in the same place with the word "Rung," and while meditating thus, slowly ejects the air through the Pingala (right nostril). Again filling in through the Pingala the air should be slowly ejected through the Ida, in the same way. This should be practiced for three or four years, or three or four months, according to the directions of a Guru, in secret (alone in a room), in the early morning, at midday, in the evening, and at midnight (until) the nerves become purified. Lightness of body, clear complexion, good appet.i.te, hearing of the Nda, are the signs of the purification of nerves. Then should be practiced Pranayama composed of Rechaka (exhalation), k.u.mbhaka (retention), and Puraka (inhalation). Joining the Prna with the Apna is Pranayama.

"In sixteen Matras filling the body from the head to the feet, in thirty-two Matras the Prana is to be thrown out, and with sixty-four the Kurnbhaka should be made. "There is another Pranayama in which the k.u.mbhaka should first be made with sixty-four Matras, then the Prana should be thrown out with sixteen, and the body next filled with sixteen Matras.

"By Pranayama impurities of the body are thrown out; by Dhran the impurities of the mind; by Pratyhra impurities of attachment; and by Samadhi is taken off everything that hides the lordship of the Soul."

Snkhya

BOOK III.

29. By the achievement of meditation, there come to the pure one (the Purusha) all powers of nature.

30. Meditation is the removal of attachment.

31. It is perfected by the suppression of the modifications.

32. By Dhran, posture, and performance of one's duties, it is perfected.

33. Restraint of the Prna is by means of expulsion and retention.

34. Posture is that which is steady and easy. 36. Also by non-attachment and practice, meditation is perfected. 74. By reflection on the principles of nature, and by giving them up as "not It, not It" discrimination is Pingal.

BOOK IV.

3. Instruction is to be repeated.

5. As the hawk becomes unhappy if the food is taken away from him and happy if he gives it up himself (so he who gives up everything voluntarily is happy).

6. As the snake is happy in giving up his old skin.

8. That which is not a means of liberation is not to be thought of; it becomes a cause of bondage, as in the case of Bharata.

9. From the a.s.sociation of many things there is obstruction to meditation, through pa.s.sion, aversion, etc., like the sh.e.l.l bracelets on the virgin's hand.

10. It is the same even in the case of two.

11. The renouncers of hope are happy, like the girl Pingal.

13. Although devotion is to be given to many inst.i.tutes and teachers, the essence is to be taken from them all as the bee takes the essence from many flowers.

14. One whose mind has become concentrated like the arrowmaker's does not get his meditation disturbed.

15. Through transgression of the original rules there is non-attainment of the goal, as in other worldly things.

19. By continence, reverence, and devotion to Guru, success comes after a long time (as in the case of Indra).

20. There is no law as to time, as in the case of Vmadeva.

24. Or through a.s.sociation with one who has attained perfection.

27. Not by enjoyments is desire appeased even with sages (who have practiced Yoga for long).

BOOK V.

128. The Siddhis attained by Yoga are not to be denied like recovery through medicines etc.

BOOK VI.

24. Any posture which is easy and steady is an sana; there is no other rule.