=758c. Alma Thrush= (_H. u. almae_). Similar to No. 758a, but back and flanks grayer. The palest bird of the _ustulata_ group.

Range.--Alaska, except Yukon Basin, south in Rocky Mountain region, and west to Utah and eastern Nevada. (A.O.U.)

Perching Birds Chiefly Gray, Black, or Black and White

GRAY-HEADED JUNCOS.

=566. White-winged Junco= (_Junco aikeni_). L. 6.5; W. 3.30. _Ads._ Resembling No. 567, but larger, paler, wings generally with two white bars; _three_ outer tail-feathers mostly or entirely white; fourth partly white.

Range.--Breeds in Wyoming and western North Dakota; winters in Colorado, western Kansas, casually to Indiana and Wisconsin. (Ridgw.)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 567.]

=567. Slate-colored Junco= (_Junco hyemalis_). L. 6.2. W. 3. _Ad._ [Male], _summer_. Head and back gray, the crown sometimes slightly darker, the feathers usually more or less tipped with brownish; breast and sides _gray_; belly white; third outer tail-feather with white.

_Ad._ [Female], _summer_. Similar, but brown wash stronger. _Ads., winter._ Brown tips to feathers longer, sides sometimes brownish.

_Notes._ Calls, a sharp, kissing note and a rapid _chew-chew-chew_, song, a simple, twittering trill.

Range.--Eastern North America, breeds from northern New England, northern New York, and northern Minnesota north to Labrador and northwest to Alaska; and southward along the Alleghanies to Pennsylvania; winters south to the Gulf States.

=567e. Carolina Junco= (_J. h. carolinensis_). Similar to No. 567, but slightly larger, W. 3.2, the upperparts and breast uniform slate-gray _without_ a brownish wash the bill horn color.

Range.--Alleghanies from Virginia to Georgia.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 568.]

=568. Pink-sided Junco= (_Junco mearnsi_). L. 6.2. _Ad._ [Male], _summer_. Sides _broadly_ brownish pink, center of belly white; breast pale slate-gray, crown darker, back washed with brownish. _Ad._ [Female] in _summer_. Similar to the [Male], but with less pink on sides, the crown washed with gray. _Ads. winter._ Similar to summer Ads., but with more brownish.

Range.--Breeds in southern Idaho and south-central Montana; winters south through Wyoming and Colorado to northern Mexico.

=567.1 Montana Junco= (_Junco monta.n.u.s_). Similar to No. 568, but with less pink on the sides, the throat and breast darker slate.

Range.--Breeding from northwestern Montana and northern Idaho north to northwest Territory and Alberta; in winter south to Mexico, east more or less irregularly to the Mississippi, Ma.s.sachusetts, and Maryland.

(Ridgw.)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 571.]

=571. Baird Junco= (_Junco bairdi_). Back and sides rusty cinnamon, head gray, throat and breast grayish white, belly white.

Range.--Cape Region of Lower California.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 572.]

=572. Guadalupe Junco= (_Junco insularis_). Similar to mearnsi but smaller, W. 2.7, bill longer, head and breast darker.

Range.--Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

=571.1. Townsend Junco= (_Junco townsendi_). Similar to No. 567.1, but with the back grayer, the brownish wash much reduced.

Range.--San Pedro Martir Mountains, northern Lower California.

GRAY-HEADED, BROWN-BACKED JUNCOS.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 569.]

=569. Gray-headed Junco= (_Junco caniceps_). L. 6.5; W. 3.2; T. 2.9.

_Ads._ Head, breast and _sides_ gray; back reddish brown; _no_ reddish brown on wings; three outer tail-feathers with white; _upper_ and lower mandibles pinkish.

Range.--Breeds in mountains of southern Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and northern New Mexico. (Ridgw.)

=570. Arizona Junco= (_Junco phaeonotus palliatus_). L. 6.5; W. 3.2; T. 2.9. _Ads._ Head gray; underparts _grayish white_; back, and to a greater or less extent, _wing-coverts_ and _tertials_, reddish brown; three outer tail-feathers with white; iris _yellow_; upper mandible blackish, lower _yellowish_. _Notes._ Calls, resemble those of No.

567; song suggests that of Song Sparrow.

Range.--Breeds in mountains of southern Arizona and southward.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 570a.]

=570a. Red-backed Junco= (_Junco dorsalis_) L. 6.7; W. 3.3; T. 3.

_Ads._ Head gray; underparts _grayish white_; back reddish brown; _no_ reddish brown on wings; three outer tail-feathers with white; upper mandible blackish, lower _flesh-color_; iris "brown."

Range.--Breeds on high mountains of New Mexico and central Arizona; winters south to northern Mexico and western Texas.

BLACK-HEADED JUNCOS.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 567a.]

=567a. Oregon Junco= (_Junco orega.n.u.s_). L. 6.2; W. 3. _Ad._ [Male], _summer_. Head, neck, throat and breast black sharply defined from the mahogany brown back, third outer tail-feather with little or no white; sides washed with pinkish brown. _Ad._ [Female], _summer_. Head and breast grayer, back paler. _Ads. winter._ Back deeper, the head and neck more or less tipped with brown, the breast with gray, these areas less sharply defined from the back and belly.

Range.--Pacific coast; breeds from northern British Columbia to Alaska; winters south to California.

=--Shufeldt Junco= (_J. o. shufeldti_). Similar to No. 567a, but larger, W. 3.1, brown of back less intense.

Range.--Pacific coast; breeds from Oregon north to British Columbia (and eastward in humid regions to Montana?); winters south to northern Mexico.

=567b. Coues Junco= (_J. o. connectens_). Similar to _shufeldti_, but back paler, brownish gray, breast grayer, sides with less pinkish brown, head and breast still sharply defined from adjacent areas.

Range.--Breeds in the interior of British Columbia and probably in arid districts southward (breeding areas not definitely known); winters southward doubtless to Mexican boundary.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 567c.]

=567c. Thurber Junco= (_J. o. thurberi_). Similar to No. 567, but back much paler, a bright pinkish brown; head and breast black as in No. 567.