20. KfZh KfZh (1761), 76, 94, 99, 102, 109, 122. (1761), 76, 94, 99, 102, 109, 122.

21. Sochineniia Sochineniia, xii: 7856.

22. Sochineniia Sochineniia, xii: 61327, pa.s.sim pa.s.sim.

23. Alexander, 557.

24. KfZh KfZh (1761), 7980. For further fires see AKV, iv: 476, 6 July. (1761), 7980. For further fires see AKV, iv: 476, 6 July.

25. AKV AKV, iv: 474, 15 June 1761.

26. Bil'basov, i: 418, n. 5, quoting the French amba.s.sador Breteuil. Elizabeth had spent most of the week before at her devotions in her private chapel: KfZh KfZh (1761), 1001. (1761), 1001.

27. KfZh KfZh (1761). (1761).

28. AKV AKV: x.x.xi: 151, circular from M. L. Vorontsov, 19 Dec. 1761.

29. Shtelin, Zapiski Zapiski, 97; KfZh KfZh (1762), 910. (1762), 910.

30. For daily lists of their respective dining companions in Jan. and Feb., see KfZh KfZh (1762), 54118, 1st pagn. (1762), 54118, 1st pagn.

31. KfZh KfZh (1762), 3, 1st pagn. (1762), 3, 1st pagn.

32. KfZh KfZh (1762), 12, 1st pagn; (1762), 12, 1st pagn; Sochineniia Sochineniia, xii: 5067.

33. Vinogradov, 'Russian Mission', 71. For Anna's funeral commission, see Vnutrennii byt Russkago gosudarstva Vnutrennii byt Russkago gosudarstva, i: 43194 (4389).

34. Shtelin, Zapiski Zapiski, 96; KfZh KfZh (1762), 67, 1st pagn; L. Hughes, 'Royal Funerals in Eighteenth-Century Russia', in (1762), 67, 1st pagn; L. Hughes, 'Royal Funerals in Eighteenth-Century Russia', in Monarchy and Religion Monarchy and Religion, ed. Schaich, 4112.

35. Sochineniia Sochineniia, xii: 508, has misled generations of historians by giving 25 Jan. as the date of Elizabeth's funeral.

36. KfZh KfZh (1762), 1617, 1st pagn. (1762), 1617, 1st pagn.

37. Ya. P. Shakhovskoy, Zapiski, 17091777 Zapiski, 17091777, ed. R. E. Jones (Newtonville, MA, 1974), iii, 183.

38. Anecdotes russes, ou letters d'un officier allemand a un gentilhomme livonien, ecrites de Petersbourg en 1762 Anecdotes russes, ou letters d'un officier allemand a un gentilhomme livonien, ecrites de Petersbourg en 1762 (London [The Hague], 1765), 324. (London [The Hague], 1765), 324.

39. Bil'basov, i: 424.

40. 'Zapiski pridvornago bril'iantshchika Poz'e', RS RS, March 1870, 2013.

41. AKV AKV, x.x.xi: 153, M. L. to A. R. Vorontsov, 28 Dec. 1761. It was imposed that day: KfZh KfZh (1761), suppl., 45. (1761), suppl., 45.

42. KfZh KfZh (1762), 19, 1st pagn, 27 Feb. (1762), 19, 1st pagn, 27 Feb.

43. Shtelin, Zapiski Zapiski, 97; KfZh KfZh (1762), 25, 1st pagn, 4 Feb.; (1762), 25, 1st pagn, 4 Feb.; SIRIO SIRIO, vii: 121, 7 July 1762.

44. Hughes, 'Royal funerals', 413. The coffin was lowered into the vault only on 27 Feb., when neither Peter nor C. was present: KfZh KfZh (1762), 46, 1st pagn. (1762), 46, 1st pagn.

45. Memoires du Comte de Hordt Memoires du Comte de Hordt (Paris, 1784), 2678. (Paris, 1784), 2678.

46. Sochineniia Sochineniia, xii: 5089.

47. Memoires du Comte de Hordt Memoires du Comte de Hordt, 2678. In point of fact, C. was to attend memorial services for Elizabeth for the rest of her life.

48. KfZh KfZh (1762), 2834, 1st pagn; 'Dnevnik statskogo sovetnika Mizere', 57; Benois, (1762), 2834, 1st pagn; 'Dnevnik statskogo sovetnika Mizere', 57; Benois, Tsarskoe Selo Tsarskoe Selo, 106, 111, 2603.

49. SIRIO SIRIO, xviii: 83, 143, Mercy to Kaunitz, 1 Feb. and 26 Feb. 1762 NS.

50. Sochineniia Sochineniia, xii: 547, C. to Poniatowski, 2 Aug. 1762.

51. Shcherbatov, 233.

52. C. S. Leonard, Reform and Regicide: The Reign of Peter III of Russia Reform and Regicide: The Reign of Peter III of Russia (Bloomington, IN, 1993), 425; 4857. For a penetrating discussion, see E. A. Marasinova, 'Manifest o vol'nosti dvorianstva (k voprosu o mekhanizmakh sotsial'nogo kontrolia)', in (Bloomington, IN, 1993), 425; 4857. For a penetrating discussion, see E. A. Marasinova, 'Manifest o vol'nosti dvorianstva (k voprosu o mekhanizmakh sotsial'nogo kontrolia)', in E.R. Dashkova i zolotoi vek Ekateriny E.R. Dashkova i zolotoi vek Ekateriny, ed. L. V. Tychinina, et al (M, 2006), 84108.

53. Tooke, i: 219.

54. KfZh KfZh (1762), 39, 1st pagn; 'Dnevnik statskogo sovetnika Mizere', 59. (1762), 39, 1st pagn; 'Dnevnik statskogo sovetnika Mizere', 59.

55. Bolotov, ii: 10811.

56. Bil'basov, i: 4234; 4289.

57. PCFG PCFG, xxi: 164, Frederick to Prince Henry, 3 Jan. 1762; 175, to Finckelstein, 11 Jan. 1761 NS.

58. Ibid., 194, 22 Jan.; (210), 29 Jan.; (212), 31 Jan.

59. AKV AKV, xxi: 467; SIRIO SIRIO, xviii: 361, Mercy to Kaunitz, 28 May 1762 NS. Prince Dashkov reached Kiev before being recalled by Catherine.

60. Tooke, i: 239.

61. Ransel, Politics Politics, 5961 (61).

62. Troitskii, Finansovaia politika Finansovaia politika, 2467; Leonard, Reform and Regicide Reform and Regicide, 122.

63. Kurukin, Epokha 'dvorskikh bur' Epokha 'dvorskikh bur', 38592.

64. Leonard, Reform and Regicide Reform and Regicide, 136.

65. Madariaga, 278.

66. AKV AKV, xxi: 49.

67. R. Vroon, '9 June 1762: The tears of an empress, or the toast that toppled an emperor', in Days from the Reigns Days from the Reigns, ed. Cross, ii: 12930.

68. Sochineniia Sochineniia, xii: 547, C. to Poniatowski, 2 Aug. 1762.

69. AKV AKV, xxi: 68.

70. The following draws on Madariaga, 2932, and Alexander, 316.

71. PSZ PSZ, xvi: 11,585.

72. R. Bartlett, '30 October 1763: The Beginning of Abolitionism in Russia', in Days from the Reigns Days from the Reigns, ed. Cross, ii: 138.

73. Tooke, i: 292.

74. Osmnadtsatyi vek Osmnadtsatyi vek, 2 (1869), 634, Talyzin to Panin, 29 June 1762.

75. Perevorot 1762 G.o.da Perevorot 1762 G.o.da (M, 1908), 141; Bil'basov, ii: 1046. (M, 1908), 141; Bil'basov, ii: 1046.

76. Sochineniia Sochineniia, xii:.

77. A. Schumacher, Geschichte der Thronentsetzung und des Tode Peter des Dritten Geschichte der Thronentsetzung und des Tode Peter des Dritten (Hamburg, 1858). (Hamburg, 1858).

78. K. A. Pisarenko, 'Neskol'ko dnei iz istorii "uedinennogo i priiatnogo mestechka"', in O. A. Ivanov, V. S. Lopatin and K. A. Pisarenko, Zagadki russkoi istorii: XVIII vek Zagadki russkoi istorii: XVIII vek (M, 2000), 253398. (M, 2000), 253398.

79. Madariaga, 32.

Chapter 6.

1. SIRIO SIRIO, xii: 113, Buckinghamshire to Halifax, 28 June 1763 NS; cxl: 205, Berenger to Praslin, 28 June and 8 July; xlvi: 53840, Mercy to Kaunitz, 28 June.

2. Alexander, 745.

3. SIRIO SIRIO, xxii: 66, 75, Solms to Frederick II; 7/18 June 1763; xii: 113, Buckinghamshire to Halifax, 28 June 1763 NS.

4. KfZh KfZh (1763), 10911, 1124, 117, 129; I. V. Kapustina, 'Usad'ba Kuskovo v kontekste evropeiskikh paradnykh rezidentsii XVIII veka', (1763), 10911, 1124, 117, 129; I. V. Kapustina, 'Usad'ba Kuskovo v kontekste evropeiskikh paradnykh rezidentsii XVIII veka', Russkaia usad'ba Russkaia usad'ba, 9 (2003), 16381; Pis'ma Saltykovu Pis'ma Saltykovu, 14, 25 June 1763.

5. KfZh KfZh (1763), 13142. (1763), 13142.

6. M. I. Pyliaev, Staryi Peterburg Staryi Peterburg (SPb, 2007 edn.), 260. Begun in 1753, the church survived until 1961 when it was demolished during Khrushchev's anti-religious campaign to make way for the (SPb, 2007 edn.), 260. Begun in 1753, the church survived until 1961 when it was demolished during Khrushchev's anti-religious campaign to make way for the Sennaia ploshchad' Sennaia ploshchad' metro station. metro station.

7. SIRIO SIRIO, cxl: 2067, Berenger to Praslin, 12 July 1763 NS.

8. Zapiski Shtelina Zapiski Shtelina, i: 209; M. F. Korshunova, Iurii Fel'ten Iurii Fel'ten (Leningrad, 1988), 28. The gallery was demolished in 1766 as part of the scheme to clad the Neva's banks in granite. (Leningrad, 1988), 28. The gallery was demolished in 1766 as part of the scheme to clad the Neva's banks in granite.

9. Rovinskii, Obozrenie ikonopisaniia Obozrenie ikonopisaniia, 27980; Zapiski Shtelina Zapiski Shtelina, i: 256.

10. SIRIO SIRIO, cxl: 206, Berenger to Praslin, 12 July 1763 NS.

11. The longest of these memoranda is at SIRIO SIRIO, x: 3801, 20 Sept. 1769.

12. Madariaga, 12332.

13. Bartlett, 30 October 1763, 13940. See the same author's 'The Question of Serfdom: Catherine II, the Russian Debate and the View from the Baltic Periphery', in Russia in the Age of the Enlightenment Russia in the Age of the Enlightenment, eds. R. Bartlett and J. M. Hartley (London, 1990), 14266, and his 'Serfdom and state power in Imperial Russia', European History Quarterly European History Quarterly, 33 (2003), 389.

14. A. Kamenskii, Ot Petra I do Pavla I: Reformy v Rossii XVIII veka Ot Petra I do Pavla I: Reformy v Rossii XVIII veka (M, 1999), 330. (M, 1999), 330.

15. R. Bartlett, 'Educational Projects in the First Decade of the Reign of Catherine II', in Russische Aufklarungsre Russische Aufklarungsre[image]eption im Kontext offi[image]ieller Bildungskon[image]epte (17001825), ed. G. Lehmann-Carli, et al. (Berlin, 2001), 10924.

16. D. L. Ransel, Mothers of Misery: Child Abandonment in Russia Mothers of Misery: Child Abandonment in Russia (Princeton, NJ, 1988), 3145. (Princeton, NJ, 1988), 3145.

17. Poroshin, 20, 29 Sept. 1764; 117, 9 Dec.; 133, 20 Dec; and pa.s.sim pa.s.sim.

18. W. Rosslyn, '5 May 1764: The Foundation of the Smol'nyi Inst.i.tute', in Days from the Reigns Days from the Reigns, ed. Cross, ii: 149.

19. See, in particular, her letters to 'Dusky Levushka' (Princess Cherka.s.skaia), from c c. 1770: 'Chetyre pis'ma Ekateriny II-y k kniagine A. P. Cherka.s.skoi', RA RA, 1870, no. 3, 52939.

20. PSZ PSZ, xvi: 11,606, 12 July 1762, referring to the Senate meeting on 3 July.

21. J. P. LeDonne, Ruling Russia: Politics and Administration in the Age of Absolutism 17621796 Ruling Russia: Politics and Administration in the Age of Absolutism 17621796 (Princeton, NJ, 1984), 2730; L. G. Kisliagina, 'Kantseliariia stats-sekretarei pri Ekaterine II', in (Princeton, NJ, 1984), 2730; L. G. Kisliagina, 'Kantseliariia stats-sekretarei pri Ekaterine II', in Gosudarstvennye uchrezhdeniia Rossii XVIXVIII vv. Gosudarstvennye uchrezhdeniia Rossii XVIXVIII vv. (M, 1991), 171. (M, 1991), 171.

22. W. Daniel, Grigorii Teplov: A Statesman at the Court of Catherine the Great Grigorii Teplov: A Statesman at the Court of Catherine the Great (Newtonville, MA, 1991); (Newtonville, MA, 1991); MP MP, iii: 14453.

23. R. f.a.ggionato, A Rosicrucian Utopia in Eighteenth-Century Russia: The Masonic circle of N.I. Novikov A Rosicrucian Utopia in Eighteenth-Century Russia: The Masonic circle of N.I. Novikov (Amsterdam, 2005), 1621; (Amsterdam, 2005), 1621; Sochineniia Sochineniia, xii: 298, (406).

24. Kisliagina, 'Kantseliariia', 1725; SIRIO SIRIO, vii: 319, Teplov to Elagin, 12 Sept. 1763.

25. G. E. Munro, 'Food in Catherinian St. Petersburg', in Food in Russian History and Culture Food in Russian History and Culture, eds. M. Glants and J. Toomre (Bloomington, IN, 1997), 3148. Panin and Elagin reminisced about the imperial table in earlier eras: Poroshin, 23 Dec. 1764.

26. SIRIO SIRIO, i: 2612, C. to Mme Geoffrin, 4 Nov. 1763.

27. Parkinson, 48, 29 Nov. 1792.

28. Poroshin, 265, 28 Aug. 1765, records a visit of thirty minutes at Tsarskoe Selo: most apparently lasted about fifteen minutes.

29. O. A. Omel'chenko, Imperatorskoe Sobranie 1763 G.o.da (Komissiia o vol'nosti dvorianskoi) Imperatorskoe Sobranie 1763 G.o.da (Komissiia o vol'nosti dvorianskoi) (M, 2001), 1348. (M, 2001), 1348.

30. SIRIO SIRIO, x: 381, 20 Sept. 1769; Madariaga, 437. Counting the backlog of Senate business became an annual obsession.

31. Quoted in Madariaga, 58.

32. RS RS, Nov. 1874, 494, C. to Volkov, June 1763.

33. Ekaterina II: Babushkina azbuka Ekaterina II: Babushkina azbuka, ed. L.V. Tychinina (M, 2004), para. 45.

34. Ovsiannikov, Rastrelli Rastrelli, 173.

35. Ermitazh: Istoriia stroitelstva i arkhitektura zdanii Ermitazh: Istoriia stroitelstva i arkhitektura zdanii, ed. B. B. Piotrovskii (Leningrad, 1989), 99102; O. Medvedkova, 'Catherine II et l'architecture a la francaise: le cas de Vallin de la Mothe', in Catherine II et l'Europe Catherine II et l'Europe, ed. Davidenkoff, 3940; Zapiski Shtelina Zapiski Shtelina, i: 207.

36. SIRIO SIRIO, xxii: 77, Solms to Frederick II, 3 June 1763.