APPENDIX 2.

The Carpathian Language Like all human languages, the language of the Carpathians contains the richness and nuance that can only come from a long history of use. At best we can only touch on some of the main features of the language in this brief appendix: 1. The history of the Carpathian language 2. Carpathian grammar and other characteristics of the language 3. Examples of the Carpathian language (including The Ritual Words and The Warrior's Chant) 4. A much-abridged Carpathian dictionary 1. THE HISTORY OF THE CARPATHIAN LANGUAGE.

The Carpathian language of today is essentially identical to the Carpathian language of thousands of years ago. A "dead" language like the Latin of two thousand years ago has evolved into a significantly different modern language (Italian) because of countless generations of speakers and great historical fluctuations. In contrast, many of the speakers of Carpathian from thousands of years ago are still alive. Their presence- coupled with the deliberate isolation of the Carpathians from the other major forces of change in the world-has acted (and continues to act) as a stabilizing force that has preserved the integrity of the language over the centuries. Carpathian culture has also acted as a stabilizing force. For instance, the Ritual Words, the various healing chants (see Appendix 1), and other cultural artifacts have been passed down through the centuries with great fidelity.

One small exception should be noted: the splintering of the Carpathians into separate geographic regions has led to some minor dialectization. However the telepathic link among all Carpathians (as well as each Carpathian's regular return to his or her homeland) has ensured that the differences among dialects are relatively superficial (e.g., small numbers of new words, minor differences in pronunciation, etc.), since the deeper, internal language of mind-forms has remained the same because of continuous use across space and time.

The Carpathian language was (and still is) the proto-language for the Uralic (or Finno-Ugrian) family of languages. Today, the Uralic languages are spoken in northern, eastern and central Europe and in Siberia. More than twenty-three million people in the world speak languages that can trace their ancestry to Carpathian. Magyar or Hungarian (about fourteen million speakers), Finnish (about five million speakers) and Estonian (about one million speakers) are the three major contemporary descendents of this proto-language. The only factor that unites the more than twenty languages in the Uralic family is that their ancestry can be traced back to a common proto-language-Carpathian-that split (starting some six thousand years ago) into the various languages in the Uralic family. In the same way, European languages such as English and French belong to the better-known Indo-European family and also evolved from a common proto-language ancestor (a different one from Carpathian).

The following table provides a sense for some of the similarities in the language family.

Note: The Finnic/Carpathian "k" shows up often as Hungarian "h." Similarly, the Finnic/Carpathian "p" often corresponds to the Hungarian "f."

Carpathian Finnish Hungarian (proto-Uralic) (Suomi) (Magyar) ela-live ela-live el-live elid-life elinika-life elet-life pesa-nest pesa-nest feszek-nest kola-die kuole-die hal-die pala-half, side pielta-tilt, tip to the side fel, fele-fellow human, friend (half; one side of two) feleseg-wife and-give anta, antaa-give ad-give koje-husband, man koira-dog, the male (of animals) here-drone, testicle wake-power vaki-folks, people, men; force val/-vel-with (instrumental suffix) vakeva-powerful, strong vele-with him/her/it wete-water vesi-water viz-water 2. CARPATHIAN GRAMMAR AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LANGUAGE.

Idioms. As both an ancient language and a language of an earth people, Carpathian is more inclined toward use of idioms constructed from concrete, "earthy" terms, rather than abstractions. For instance, our modern abstraction "to cherish" is expressed more concretely in Carpathian as "to hold in one's heart"; the "netherworld" is, in Carpathian, "the land of night, fog and ghosts"; etc.

Word order. The order of words in a sentence is determined not by syntactic roles (like subject, verb and object) but rather by pragmatic, discourse-driven factors. Examples: "Tied vagyok." ("Yours am I."); "Sivamet andam." ("My heart I give you.") Agglutination. The Carpathian language is agglutinative; that is, longer words are constructed from smaller components. An agglutinating language uses suffixes or prefixes whose meaning is generally unique, and which are concatenated one after another without overlap. In Carpathian, words typically consist of a stem that is followed by one or more suffixes. For example, "sivambam" derives from the stem "siv" ("heart") followed by "am" ("my," making it "my heart"), followed by "bam" ("in," making it "in my heart"). As you might imagine, agglutination in Carpathian can sometimes produce very long words, or words that are very difficult to pronounce. Vowels often get inserted between suffixes to prevent too many consonants from appearing in a row (which can make the word unpronounceable).

Noun cases. Like all languages, Carpathian has many noun cases; the same noun will be "spelled" differently depending on its role in the sentence. Some of the noun cases include: nominative (when the noun is the subject of the sentence), accusative (when the noun is a direct object of the verb), dative (indirect object), genitive (or possessive), instrumental, final, supressive, inessive, elative, terminative and delative.

We will use the possessive (or genitive) case as an example, to illustrate how all noun cases in Carpathian involve adding standard suffixes to the noun stems. Thus expressing possession in Carpathian-"my lifemate," "your lifemate," "his lifemate," "her lifemate," etc.-involves adding a particular suffix (such as "-am") to the noun stem ("palafertiil"), to produce the possessive ("palafertiilam"-"my lifemate"). Which suffix to use depends upon which person ("my," "your," "his," etc.) and whether the noun ends in a consonant or a vowel. The table below shows the suffixes for singular nouns only (not plural), and also shows the similarity to the suffixes used in contemporary Hungarian. (Hungarian is actually a little more complex, in that it also requires "vowel rhyming": which suffix to use also depends on the last vowel in the noun; hence the multiple choices in the cells below, where Carpathian only has a single choice.) Carpathian (proto-Uralic) Contemporary Hungarian person noun ends in vowel noun ends in consonant noun ends in vowel noun ends in consonant 1st singular (my) -m -am -m -om, -em, -om 2nd singular (your) -d -ad -d -od, -ed, -od 3rd singular (his, her, its) -ja -a -ja/-je -a, -e 1st plural (our) -nk -ank -nk -unk, -unk 2nd plural (your) -tak -atak -tok, -tek, -tok -otok, -etek, -otok 3rd plural (their) -jak -ak -juk, -juk -uk, -uk Note: As mentioned earlier, vowels often get inserted between the word and its suffix so as to prevent too many consonants from appearing in a row (which would produce unpronounceable words). For example, in the table on the previous page, all nouns that end in a consonant are followed by suffixes beginning with "a."

Verb conjugation. Like its modern descendents (such as Finnish and Hungarian), Carpathian has many verb tenses, far too many to describe here. We will just focus on the conjugation of the present tense. Again, we will place contemporary Hungarian side by side with the Carpathian, because of the marked similarity of the two.

As with the possessive case for nouns, the conjugation of verbs is done by adding a suffix onto the verb stem: Person Carpathian (proto-Uralic) Contemporary Hungarian 1st (I give) -am (andam), -ak -ok, -ek, -ok 2nd singular (you give) -sz (andsz) -sz 3rd singular (he/she/it gives) - (and) - 1st plural (we give) -ak (andak) -unk, -unk 2nd plural (you give) -tak (andtak) -tok, -tek, -tok 3rd plural (they give) -nak (andnak) -nak, -nek As with all languages, there are many "irregular verbs" in Carpathian that don't exactly fit this pattern. But the above table is still a useful guideline for most verbs.

3. EXAMPLES OF THE CARPATHIAN LANGUAGE.

Here are some brief examples of conversational Carpathian, used in the Dark books. We include the literal translation in square brackets. It is interestingly different from the most appropriate English translation.

Susu.

I am home.

["home/birthplace." "I am" is understood, as is often the case in Carpathian.]

Moert?

What for?

csitri little one ["little slip of a thing," "little slip of a girl"]

ainaak enyem forever mine ainaak sivamet jutta forever mine (another form) ["forever to-my-heart connected/fixed"]

sivamet my love ["of-my-heart," "to-my-heart"]

Tet vigyazam.

I love you.

["you-love-I"]

Sarna Rituaali (The Ritual Words) is a longer example, and an example of chanted rather than conversational Carpathian. Note the recurring use of "andam" ("I give"), to give the chant musicality and force through repetition.

Sarna Rituaali (The Ritual Words) Te avio palafertiilam.

You are my lifemate.

entolam kuulua, avio palafertiilam.

I claim you as my lifemate.

Ted kuuluak, kacad, kojed.

I belong to you.

elidamet andam.

I offer my life for you.

Pesamet andam.

I give you my protection.

Uskolfertiilamet andam.

I give you my allegiance.

Sivamet andam.

I give you my heart.

Sielamet andam.

I give you my soul.

Ainamet andam.

I give you my body.

Sivamet kuuluak kaik etta a ted.

I take into my keeping the same that is yours.

Ainaak olenszal sivambin.

Your life will be cherished by me for all my time.

Te elidet ainaak pide minan.

Your life will be placed above my own for all time.

Te avio palafertiilam.

You are my lifemate.

Ainaak sivamet jutta oleny.

You are bound to me for all eternity.

Ainaak terad vigyazak.

You are always in my care.

To hear these words pronounced (and for more about Carpathian pronunciation altogether), please visit: http://www.christinefeehan.com/members/ Sarna Kontakawk (The Warriors' Chant) is another longer example of the Carpathian language. The warriors' council takes place deep beneath the earth in a chamber of crystals with magma far below that, so the steam is natural and the wisdom of their ancestors is clear and focused. This is a sacred place where they bloodswear to their prince and people and affirm their code of honor as warriors and brothers. It is also where battle strategies are born and all dissension is discussed as well as any concerns the warriors have that they wish to bring to the Council and open for discussion.

Sarna Kontakawk (The Warriors' Chant) Veri isaakank-veri ekaakank.

Blood of our fathers-blood of our brothers.

Veri olen elid.

Blood is life.

Andak veri-elidet Karpatiiakank, es wake-sarna ku meke arwa-arvo, irgalom, han ku agba, es wake kutni, ku manaak verival.

We offer that life to our people with a bloodsworn vow of honor, mercy, integrity and endurance.

Verink sokta; verink terad.

Our blood mingles and calls to you.

Akasz enak ku es juttasz kuntatak it.

Heed our summons and join with us now.

To hear these words pronounced (and for more about Carpathian pronunciation altogether), please visit: http://www.christinefeehan.com/members/ See Appendix 1 for Carpathian healing chants, including the Kepa Sarna Pus (The Lesser Healing Chant), the En Sarna Pus (The Great Healing Chant), the Odam-Sarna Kondak (Lullaby) and the Sarna Pusm O Ma et (Song to Heal the Earth).

4. A MUCH-ABRIDGED CARPATHIAN DICTIONARY.

This very much abridged Carpathian dictionary contains most of the Carpathian words used in these Dark books. Of course, a full Carpathian dictionary would be as large as the usual dictionary for an entire language (typically more than a hundred thousand words).

Titles by Christine Feehan.

SAMURAI GAME.

RUTHLESS GAME.

STREET GAME.

MURDER GAME.

PREDATORY GAME.

DEADLY GAME.

CONSPIRACY GAME.

NIGHT GAME.

MIND GAME.

SHADOW GAME.

HIDDEN CURRENTS.

TURBULENT SEA.

SAFE HARBOR.

DANGEROUS TIDES.

OCEANS OF FIRE.

LEOPARD'S PREY SAVAGE NATURE.

WILD FIRE.

BURNING WILD.

WILD RAIN.

SPIRIT BOUND.

WATER BOUND.

DARK LYCAN.