=Aventia.= _Flexula_--Scallop Barred

TOXOCAMPIDae.

=Toxocampa.= _Pastinum_--Black Neck _Craccae_--New Black Neck

BOLETOBIIDae.

=Boletobia.= _Fuliginaria_--Waved Black

HERMINIIDae.

=Rivula.= _Sericealis_--Straw Dot =Zanclognatha.= _Grisealis_--Lesser Fan-foot _Tarsipennalis_--Fan-foot _Emortualis_--Olive Crescent =Herminia.= _Cribralis_--Dotted Fan-foot _Derivalis_--Clay Fan-foot =Pechypogon.= _Barbalis_--Common Fan-foot

HYPENIDae.

=Madopa.= _Salicalis_--Lesser Belle =Bomolocha.= _Fontis_ (_Cra.s.salis_)--Beautiful Snout =Hypena.= _Rostralis_--Lesser Snout _Proboscidalis_--Snout =Hypenodes.= _Albistrigalis_--White-streak _Costaestrigalis_--Ribbed-streak =Tholomiges= (=Schrankia=).

_Turfosalis_--Tiny Snout

BREPHIDES.

=Brephos.= _Parthenias_--Orange Underwing _Notha_--Light Orange Underwing

=GEOMETRae.=

UROPTERYGIDae.

=Uropteryx.= _Sambucaria_ (_Sambucata_)--Swallow Tail

ENNOMIDae.

=Epione.= _Parallelaria_ (_Vespertaria_)--Dark-bordered Beauty _Apiciaria_--Bordered Beauty _Advenaria_--Little Thorn =Rumia.= _Luteolata_ (_Crataegata_)--Brimstone =Venilia.= _Macularia_--Speckled Yellow =Angerona.= _Prunaria_--Orange Moth =Metrocampa.= _Margaritaria_--Light Emerald =Ellopia.= _Prosapiaria_ (_Fasciaria_)--Barred Red =Eurymene.= _Dolobraria_--Scorched Wing =Pericallia.= _Syringaria_--Lilac Beauty =Selenia.= _Bilunaria_ (_Illunaria_)--Early Thorn _Lunaria_--Lunar Thorn _Tetralunaria_ (_Ill.u.s.traria_)--Purple Thorn =Odontopera.= _Bidentata_--Scalloped Hazel =Crocallis.= _Elinguaria_--Scalloped Oak =Eugonia.= _Autumnaria_ (_Alniaria_)--Large Thorn _Alniaria_ (_Tiliaria_)--Canary-shouldered Thorn _Fuscantaria_--Dusky Thorn _Erosaria_--September Thorn _Quercinaria_ (_Angularia_)--August Thorn =Himera.= _Pennaria_--Feathered Thorn

AMPHIDASYDae.

=Phigalia.= _Pedaria_ (_Pilosaria_)--Pale Brindled Beauty =Nyssia.= _Zonaria_--Belted Beauty _Hispidaria_--Small Brindled Beauty _Lapponaria_--Rare Brindled Beauty =Biston.= _Hirtaria_--Brindled Beauty =Amphidasys.= _Strataria_ (_Prodromaria_)--Oak Beauty _Betularia_--Peppered Moth

BOARMIIDae.

=Hemerophila.= _Abruptaria_--Waved Umber =Cleora.= _Angularia_ (_Viduaria_)--Speckled Beauty _Glabraria_--Dotted Carpet _Lichenaria_--Brussels Lace =Boarmia.= _Repandata_--Mottled Beauty _Gemmaria_ (_Rhomboidaria_)--Willow Beauty _Abietaria_--Satin Carpet _Cinctaria_--Ringed Carpet _Roboraria_--Great Oak Beauty _Consortaria_--Pale Oak Beauty =Tephrosia.= _Consonaria_--Square Spot _Crepuscularia_--Small Engrailed _Biundularia_--Engrailed _Luridata_ (_Extersaria_)--Brindled White-spot _Punctularia_--Grey Birch =Gnophos.= _Obscuraria_--Annulet =Dasydia.= _Obfuscaria_--Scotch Annulet =Psodos.= _Coracina_ (_Trepidaria_)--Black Mountain Moth

GEOMETRIDae.

=Pseudoterpna.= _Pruinata_ (_Cytisaria_)--Gra.s.s Emerald =Geometra.= _Papilionaria_--Large Emerald _Vernaria_--Small Emerald =Phorodesma.= _Pustulata_ (_Bajularia_)--Blotched Emerald _Smaragdaria_--Ess.e.x Emerald =Nemoria.= _Viridata_--Small Gra.s.s Emerald =Iodis.= _Lactearia_--Little Emerald =Hemithea.= _Strigata_ (_Thymiaria_)--Common Emerald

EPHYRIDae.

=Zonosoma.= _Porata_--False Mocha _Punctaria_--Maiden's Blush _Linearia_ (_Trilinearia_)--Clay Triple-lines _Annulata_ (_Omicronaria_)--Mocha _Orbicularia_--Dingy Mocha _Pendularia_--Birch Mocha

ACIDALIIDae.

=Hyria.= _Muricata_ (_Auroraria_)--Golden-bordered Purple =Asthena.= _Luteata_--Small Yellow Wave _Candidata_--Small White Wave _Sylvata_--Waved Carpet _Blomeri_ (_Pulchraria_)--Blomer's Rivulet =Eupisteria.= _Obliterata_ (_Heparata_)--Dingy Sh.e.l.l =Venusia.= _Cambrica_ (_Cambricaria_)--Welsh Wave =Acidalia.= _Perochraria_--Ochraceous Wave _Ochrata_--Bright Wave _Rubiginata_ (_Rubricata_)--Tawny Wave _Dimidiata_ (_Scutulata_)--Single-dotted Wave _Bisetata_--Small Fan-footed Wave _Trigeminata_--Treble Brown-spot _Contiguaria_--Greening's Wave _Rusticata_--Least Carpet _Holosericata_--Silky Wave _Dilutaria_ (_Interjectaria_)--Dark Cream Wave _Virgularia_ (_Incanaria_)--Small Dusty Wave _Circellata_--Circellate _Ornata_--Lace Border _Marginepunctata_ (_Promutata_)--Mullein Wave _Straminata_--Dotted-bordered Cream Wave _Subsericeata_--Satin Wave _Immutata_--Lesser Cream Wave _Strigaria_--Streaked Wave _Remutaria_--Cream Wave _Fumata_--Smoky Wave _Strigilaria_ (_Prataria_)--Sub-angled Wave _Imitaria_--Small Blood-vein _Emutaria_--Rosy Wave _Aversata_--Riband Wave _Inornata_--Plain Wave _Degeneraria_--Portland Riband Wave _Emarginata_--Small Scallop =Timandra.= _Amataria_--Blood-vein

CABERIDae.

=Cabera.= _Pusaria_--Common White Wave _Rotundaria_--Round-winged Wave _Exanthemata_--Common Wave =Bapta.= _Temerata_--Clouded Silver _Bimaculata_ (_Taminata_)--White-pinion Spotted =Aleucis.= _Pictaria_--Sloe Carpet

MACARIIDae.

=Macaria.= _Alternata_--Sharp-angled Peac.o.c.k _Notata_--Peac.o.c.k _Liturata_--Tawny-barred Angle =Halia.= _Vauaria_ (_Wavaria_)--V Moth _Brunneata_ (_Pinetaria_)--Rannoch Geometer

FIDONIIDae.

=Strenia.= _Clathrata_--Latticed Heath =Panagra.= _Petraria_--Brown Silver-line =Numeria.= _Pulveraria_--Barred Umber =Scodiona.= _Belgiaria_--Grey Scalloped Bar =Selidosema.= _Ericetaria_ (_Plumaria_)--Bordered Grey =Fidonia.= _Carbonaria_--Netted Mountain _Limbaria_ (_Conspicuata_)--Frosted Yellow =Ematurga.= _Atomaria_--Common Heath =Bupalus.= _Piniaria_--Bordered White =Minoa.= _Murinata_ (_Euphorbiata_)--Drab Geometer =Scoria.= _Lineata_ (_Dealbata_)--Black-veined =Aplasta.= _Ononaria_--Rest-harrow =Sterrha.= _Sacraria_--Vestal =Lythria.= _Purpuraria_--Purple-barred Yellow =Aspilates.= _Strigillaria_--Gra.s.s Wave _Ochrearia_ (_Citraria_)--Yellow Belle _Gilvaria_--Straw Belle

ZERENIDae.

=Abraxas.= _Grossulariata_--Currant Moth (Magpie) _Sylvata_ (_Ulmata_)--Clouded Magpie =Ligdia.= _Adustata_--Scorched Carpet =Lomaspilis.= _Marginata_--Clouded Border

LIGIIDae.

=Pachycnemia.= _Hippocastanaria_--Horse Chestnut

HYBERNIIDae.

=Hybernia.= _Rupicapraria_--Early Moth _Leucophaearia_--Spring Usher _Aurantiaria_--Scarce Umber _Marginaria_ (_Progemmaria_)--Dotted Border _Defoliaria_--Mottled Umber =Anisopteryx.= _aescularia_--March Moth

LARENTIIDae.

=Cheimatobia.= _Brumata_--Winter Moth _Boreata_--Northern Winter Moth =Oporabia.= _Dilutata_--November Moth _Filigrammaria_--Autumnal Moth _Autumnaria_ =Larentia.= _Didymata_--Twin-spot Carpet _Multistrigaria_--Mottled Grey _Caesiata_--Grey Mountain Carpet _Flavicinctata_ (_Ruficinctata_)--Yellow-ringed Carpet _Salicata_--Striped Twin-spot Carpet _Olivata_--Beech-green Carpet _Viridaria_ (_Pectinitaria_)--Green Carpet =Emmelesia.= _Affinitata_--Rivulet _Alchemillata_--Small Rivulet _Albulata_--Gra.s.s Rivulet _Decolorata_--Sandy Carpet _Taeniata_--Barred Carpet _Unifasciata_--Haworth's Carpet _Minorata_ (_Ericetata_)--Heath Rivulet _Adaequata_ (_Blandiata_)--Pretty Pinion =Eupithecia.= _Venosata_--Netted Pug _Consignata_--Pinion-spotted Pug _Linariata_--Toadflax Pug _Pulch.e.l.lata_--Foxglove Pug _Oblongata_ (_Centaureata_)--Lime-speck _Succenturiata_--Bordered Lime-speck _Subfulvata_--Tawny-speckled Pug _Scabiosata_ (_Sub.u.mbrata_)--Shaded Pug _Pernotata_--Guenee's Pug _Plumbeolata_--Lead-coloured Pug _Isogrammaria_--Haworth's Pug _Pygmaeata_--Marsh Pug _Helveticaria_--Edinburgh Pug _Egenaria_--Pauper Pug _Satyrata_--Satyr Pug _Castigata_--Grey Pug _Jasioneata_--Jasione Pug _Trisignaria_--Triple-spotted Pug _Virgaureata_--Golden-rod Pug _Fraxinata_--Ash-tree Pug _Extensaria_--Scarce Pug _Pimpinellata_--Pimpinel Pug _Valerianata_--Valerian Pug _Pusillata_--Dwarf Pug _Irriguata_--Marbled Pug _Campanulata_--Campanula Pug _Innotata_--Long-winged Pug _Indigata_--Ochreous Pug _Constrictata_--Wild Thyme Pug _Nanata_--Narrow-winged Pug _Subnotata_--Plain Pug _Vulgata_--Common Pug _Albipunctata_--White-spotted Pug _Expallidata_--Bleached Pug _Absinthiata_--Wormwood Pug _Minutata_--Ling Pug _a.s.similata_--Currant Pug _Tenuiata_--Slender Pug _Subciliata_--Maple Pug _Lariciata_--Larch Pug _Abbreviata_--Brindled Pug _Dodoneata_--Oak-tree Pug _Exiguata_--Mottled Pug _Ultimaria_--Tamarisk Pug _Sobrinata_--Juniper Pug _Togata_--Cloaked Pug _Pumilata_--Double-striped Pug _Coronata_--V Pug _Rectangulata_--Green Pug _Debiliata_--Bilberry Pug =Collix.= _Sparsata_--Dentated Pug =Lobophora.= _s.e.xalisata_ (_s.e.xalata_)--Small Seraphim _Halterata_ (_Hexapterata_)--Seraphim _Viretata_--Yellow-barred Brindle _Carpinata_ (_Lobulata_)--Early Tooth-striped _Polycommata_--Barred Tooth-striped =Thera.= _Juniperata_--Juniper Carpet _Simulata_--Chestnut-coloured Carpet _Variata_ (_Obeliscata_)--Shaded Broad-bar _Firmata_--Pine Carpet =Hypsipetes.= _Ruberata_--Ruddy High-flier _Trifasciata_ (_Impluviata_)--May High-flier _Sordidata_ (_Elutata_)--July High-flier =Melanthia.= _Bicolorata_ (_Rubiginata_)--Blue-bordered Carpet _Ocellata_--Purple Bar _Albicillata_--Beautiful Carpet =Melanippe.= _Hastata_--Argent and Sable _Tristata_--Small Argent and Sable _Procellata_--Chalk Carpet _Unangulata_--Sharp-angled Carpet _Rivata_--Wood Carpet _Sociata_ (_Subtristata_)--Common Carpet _Montanata_--Silver-ground Carpet _Galiata_--Galium Carpet _Fluctuata_--Garden Carpet =Anticlea.= _Cucullata_ (_Sinuata_)--Royal Mantle _Rubidata_--Flame _Badiata_--Shoulder Stripe _Nigrofasciaria_ (_Derivata_)--Streamer _Berberata_--Barberry Carpet =Coremia.= _Munitata_--Red Carpet _Designata_ (_Propugnata_)--Flame Carpet _Ferrugata_--Red Twin-spot Carpet _Unidentaria_--Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet _Quadrifasciaria_--Large Twin-spot Carpet =Camptogramma.= _Bilineata_--Yellow Sh.e.l.l _Fluviata_--Gem =Phibalapteryx.= _Tersata_--Fern _Lapidata_--Slender-striped Rufous _Vittata_ (_Lignata_)--Oblique Carpet _Polygrammata_ (_Conjunctaria_)--Many-lined _Vitalbata_--Small Waved Umber =Triphosa.= _Dubitata_--Tissue =Eucosmia.= _Certata_--Scarce Tissue _Undulata_--Scalloped Sh.e.l.l =Scotosia.= _Vetulata_--Brown Scallop _Rhamnata_--Dark Umber =Cidaria.= _Siterata_ (_Psittacata_)--Red-green Carpet _Miata_--Autumn Green Carpet _Picata_--Short-cloak Carpet _Corylata_--Broken-barred Carpet _Sagittata_--Marsh Carpet _Truncata_ (_Russata_)--Common Marbled Carpet _Immanata_--Dark Marbled Carpet _Suffumata_--Water Carpet _Reticulata_--Netted Carpet _Silaceata_--Small Ph[oe]nix _Prunata_ (_Ribesiaria_)--Ph[oe]nix _Testata_--Chevron _Populata_--Northern Spinach _Fulvata_--Barred Yellow _Dotata_ (_Pyraliata_)--Barred Straw _a.s.sociata_ (_Dotata_)--Spinach =Pelurga.= _Comitata_--Dark Spinach

EUBOLIIDae.

=Eubolia.= _Cervinata_ (_Cervinaria_)--Mallow _Limitata_ (_Mensuraria_)--Small Mallow _Plumbaria_ (_Palumbaria_)--Belle _Bipunctaria_--Chalk Carpet =Mesotype.= _Virgata_ (_Lineolata_)--Oblique-striped =Carsia.= _Paludata_ (_Imbutata_)--Manchester Treble Bar =Anaitis.= _Plagiata_--Treble Bar =Lithostege.= _Griseata_--Pale Grey Carpet =Chesias.= _Spartiata_--Streak _Rufata_ (_Obliquaria_)--Broom Tip

SIONIDae.

=Tanagra.= _Atrata_ (_Chaerophyllata_)--Chimney Sweep

APPENDIX II

_THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR_

The success of the country rambles of an expert lepidopterist depends greatly on his knowledge of the times at which the various b.u.t.terflies and moths generally appear, and of the localities which they are known to frequent. The experiences he has gained in the past enable him to calculate on the probabilities of the future, and he chooses both time and locality according to his requirements.

As he makes his way to the hunting ground he counts over the chances of meeting with a certain insect that is wanted to fill a long-standing blank in his cabinet; and we hear him discussing the probabilities as to whether this species is yet 'out,' or whether the larvae of that species are feeding.

How different it is with the young and unguided entomologist! He rambles promiscuously here and there, having only the faintest idea as to what he is likely to see, and perhaps meeting with only four or five species when an experienced collector, without covering a larger area of ground, would take scores in the same time.

In order to afford some little help to the beginner, I have thought it advisable to introduce a calendar of operations to guide him in his work. The s.p.a.ce at our command would not allow this to be carried out in detail, but the general instructions will undoubtedly a.s.sist most of my readers until the practical experience gained by a few years' work has enabled them to run on their own legs.

Of course, in making reference to the monthly lists of insects on the wing, allowance must be made for the forwardness or backwardness of the seasons. Thus, an insect entered in the April list _may_ appear in March in an exceptionally warm season, but may not emerge till the early part of May if the spring has been unusually severe.

It will be observed that in cases where all the species of a certain genus or family appear on the wing in the same month, the name of that genus or family is entered on the list instead of the names of the individual species; but the latter can easily be obtained by reference to Appendix I.

JANUARY

There is not much field work to be done during this month. If the weather is very severe, hardly an insect will be found on the wing; but a mild January will sometimes entice the Brimstone b.u.t.terfly (_Rhamni_) and some of the hybernating Vanessas from their winter quarters.

Hybernating moths may also be met with, on the wing if the weather is mild, or sleeping in their sheltered nooks during the frosts.

These include several _Noctuae_--_Auricoma_, _Lithargyria_, _Suffusa_, _Vaccinii_, _Spadicea_, _Erythrocephala_, _Satellitia_, _Rubiginea_, _Croceago_, _Vetusta_, _Exoleta_, _Ornithopus_, _Furcifera_, _Semibrunnea_, _Socia_, and _Libatrix_; and also a few _Geometrae_--_Zonaria_, _Fluviata_, _Dubitata_, _Siterata_, and _Miata_.

In addition to these hybernating insects, the collector may examine tree trunks and fences for the Early Moth (_Rupicapraria_), and late specimens of the Winter Moth (_Brumata_); and towards the end of the month he may expect to meet with fresh specimens of the Pale Brindled Beauty (_Pedaria_) and the Spring Usher (_Leucophaearia_). A few of the _Tineae_ may also be seen.

The net need not be used at all during the colder months of the year, as the moths are easily taken in pill boxes from the trunks and fences on which they rest.

Pupa digging may be carried on throughout the month if the weather is sufficiently mild, but it is of no use attempting this during a frost.

Hybernating larvae may also be searched out of their winter quarters if the collector does not mind giving them the attention they require; but, as a rule, it is better to wait till they themselves start out to feed in the spring, at which time all their food plants are showing leaf.