19. If any one could tell beforehand when ---- opportunities would arrive, ---- might be ready to grasp each as ---- came.

20. If every one here would follow the directions that ----(has, have) received, ---- would make fewer mistakes in shipments.

21. Any one who wishes may give ---- opinion.

22. No one need expect to leave before ---- work is finished.

23. Every one in the office took ---- vacation early this year except me.

24. Each of the twenty banks sent ---- representative to the meeting.

25. On applying for a position, each man is given a blank that ---- must fill out carefully, making ---- answers as definite as possible.

Some of the following are right, and some are wrong. Correct those that are wrong, explaining why they are wrong.

1. Neither one of them know what they are expected to do.

2. Applicant after applicant handed in their names.

3. If any one has a complaint to make, he should report it in writing to the superintendent.

4. Have either of the stenographers finished their letters?

5. I wish everybody would do their own work and let me do mine.

6. Each man did his work faithfully.

7. Has neither the carpenter nor the plumber yet brought his tools?

8. Every one of the clerks must hand their report to the head bookkeeper before five o'clock.

9. One of them must have neglected to hand in his report.

10. Man after man yesterday promised me that they'd be on hand to work this morning, and not one of them showed themselves.

=Exercise 79=

In the following exercise, tell which of the italicized p.r.o.nouns introduce restrictive, and which introduce non-restrictive clauses:

1. This is the best bargain _that_ we have ever offered.

2. This is Mr. Burton, _whose_ work I recommended to you.

3. The city _that_ I enjoyed most was Quebec.

4. I enjoyed walking on the old wall _that_ still surrounds the town.

5. The club to _which_ I belong will hold a meeting next week.

6. The club _that_ I belong to will hold a meeting next Monday.

7. All those _whose_ daily work showed an improvement were given an increase in salary.

8. The horse _that_ ran away belonged to my partner.

9. The greatest man is he _who_ feels himself the least.

10. An old story tells us that when Caesar, _who_ was a great Roman emperor, returned from a conquest _which_ has ever since been famous, he brought back to Rome a formula _that_ has revolutionized the world. It was a formula for making soap, and was considered one of the greatest treasures _that_ was captured during the campaign. Caesar immediately saw the value _that_ it would have in the eyes of the world, and he forced the soap-makers to reveal their secret.

11. The garrison is a handful of invalid soldiers, _whose_ princ.i.p.al duty is to guard some of the outer towers.

12. This is the gentleman _whom_ we met in Boston.

13. Mr. Carter, _who_ was a member of our Boston firm, will take charge of our city sales.

14. We honestly believe that our latest Style Book, _which_ goes with this letter, offers you more for every dollar _that_ you spend than you can get elsewhere.

=Exercise 80--Case=

Case is that modification of a noun or a p.r.o.noun which denotes its relation to other words in the sentence. There are three cases: the _nominative_, the _objective_, and the _possessive_. Although nouns are used in all three cases, no change of form occurs except in the possessive case.

The _nominative_ case is used in the following ways:

1. The princ.i.p.al use of the nominative case is as _subject_ of the sentence; as,

_Noun_: The _business_ is prosperous.

_p.r.o.noun_: _It_ has been established for five years.

2. Sometimes a noun or p.r.o.noun is used to complete the meaning of such verbs as _be_, _become_, _seem_, _appear_, _taste_, _feel_. Such a noun is in the nominative case, and is called a _predicate nominative_, or a _subjective complement_; as,

_Noun_: Mr. Brown is the _manager_.

He seems a _gentleman_.

_p.r.o.noun_: I think it is _she_.

3. A noun in _apposition_ with another noun in the nominative case is also in the nominative case; as,

Mr. Brown, _the manager_, is very capable.

The man to whom you should apply is Mr. Brown, _the manager_.

4. Sometimes a noun or a p.r.o.noun is used in direct address or in an exclamation, without having any grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence. It is then said to be _nominative independent_; as,

_Mr. Brown_, a gentleman wishes to speak to you.

A _strike_! Why are they declaring a strike?

_You!_ I thought you were in South America.

5. Sometimes a noun or p.r.o.noun is used with a participle to express an adverbial relation. Such a noun is in the nominative case, and is called _nominative absolute_, because it has no grammatical relation to any other part of the sentence; as,