Williamson, Joel. The Crucible of Race: Black-White Relations in the American South since Emancipation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Willis, George L. Kentucky Democracy: A History of the Party and Its Representative Members, Past and Present. Vol. 1. Louisville: Democratic Historical Society, 1935.
Wilson, Jess D. The Sugar Pond and the Fritter Tree. Berea, KY: Kentucke Imprints, 1981.
---. When They Hanged the Fiddler and Other Stories from "It Happened Here": Including Some Unpublished Works by the Author. Berea, KY: Kentucke Imprints, 1978.
Wilson, Stephen. Feuding, Conflict and Banditry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Wiltz, John E. "The 1895 Election: A Watershed in Kentucky Politics." Filson Club Historical Quarterly 37, no. 2 (1963).
Wireman, Charles Little. Kentucky Mountain Outlaw Transformed. Intercession City, FL: Intercession, 1950.
Wolfe, Charles K. Kentucky Country: Folk and Country Music of Kentucky. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1982.
Wood, Amy Louise. Lynching and Spectacle: Witnessing Racial Violence in America, 18901940. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.
Wood, Gordon. "Interests and Disinterestedness in the Making of the Constitution." In Beyond Confederation: Origins of the Constitution and American National Identity, edited by Richard Beeman, Stephen Botein, and Edward C. Carter. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987.
Wood, Norman Barton. The White Side of a Black Subject: A Vindication of the Afro-American Race, from the Landing of Slaves at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, to the Present Time. Chicago: American Publishing, 1897.
Woodson, Mary Willis. "My Recollections of Frankfort." Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 61, no. 3 (1963).
Woodward, C. Vann. The Burden of Southern History. 3rd ed. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1993.
---. Origins of the New South, 18771913. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1951.
Wooster, Ralph A. Politicians, Planters and Plain Folk: Courthouse and Statehouse in the Upper South. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1975.
---. The Secession Conventions of the South. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1962.
Workers of the Writers' Program of the Works Projects Administration in the State of Kentucky. In the Land of Breathitt. Northport, NY: Bacon, Percy and Daggett, 1941.
---. Military History of Kentucky, Chronologically Arranged. Frankfort, KY: State Journal, 1939.
Wray, Matt. Not Quite White: White Trash and the Boundaries of Whiteness. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006.
Wright, George C. "The Founding of Lincoln Institute." Filson Club Historical Quarterly 49, no. 1 (1975).
---. A History of Blacks in Kentucky. Vol. 2, In Pursuit of Equality, 18901980. Frankfort: Kentucky Historical Society, 1992.
---. Racial Violence in Kentucky, 18651940: Lynchings, Mob Rule, and "Legal Lynchings." Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996.
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. "The Civil Rights Act of 1875." Western Historical Quarterly 18, no. 4 (1965).
---. Honor and Violence in the Old South. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
---. Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South. 25th anniversary ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
"Yesterday's News." Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 95, no. 3 (1997).
York, Bill. John Fox, Jr.: Appalachian Author. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2003.
Young, Lot D. Reminiscences of a Soldier of the Orphan Brigade. Chapel Hill: Academic Affairs Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1998.
Zuczek, Richard. State of Rebellion: Reconstruction in South Carolina. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1996.
Electronic Sources Interview with William Haddix, 1938. Federal Writers' Project (interviewer: Margaret Bishop), http://www.breathittcounty.com/BreathittWeb2/THaddix.html (viewed December 19, 2008).
Lineage of Edward Callahan and Mahala Brock. http://kykinfolk.com/breathitt/databases/edwardcallahan_mahalabrock/d1.htm (viewed March 1, 2011).
Orend, Brian. "War." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), edited by Edward N. Zalta. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/war/ (viewed April 30, 2012).
Spencer, Herbert W. "Captain Bill's January Raid," 1961. http://www.artontherocks.net/genes/tree/np77.htm (viewed November 20, 2006).
Tobin, Jonathan S. "Why Nothing Can Be Done about Shootings." Commentary, July 22, 2012. http://www.commentarymagazine.com/2012/07/22/why-nothing-can-be-done-about-shootings-aurora-gun-control/ (viewed July 23, 2012).
Trailsrus County Courthouses: Courthouses in Kentucky-Breathitt Co. http://www.trailsrus.com/courthouses/breathitt.html (viewed July 25, 2008).
INDEX.
The index that appeared in the print version of this title was intentionally removed from the eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below Adams, George M.
Aikman, John: at camp meetings Confederate Dickey interview Marcum represents in court and Smith execution and South family Strong mentions and Strong murder tried, convicted, acquitted, and pardoned wounded in 1878 courthouse riot Alexander I of Serbia American South: as alleged space of inherent violence feud in Kentuckians favoring during Civil War post-Reconstruction politics in violence during Reconstruction Amis, John (the younger) Amis, John Amis, Thomas Amis, Wiley: Breathitt County, leaves and William Strong as Unionist Anglo-Saxon heritage: in Breathitt County racial purity, alleged, in eastern Kentucky and scientific racism. See also Celtic heritage; violence, communal causes of; violence, endogenous causes of Appalachia and evangelists and feud image established in 1870s interpreted by outside observers and "New Appalachia"
and otherness and poverty Unionist, allegedly Area Redevelopment Administration (ARA) Ash, Stephen assassination, public: association and confusion with anarchism and feud of Cockrell of Cox of Goebel of Marcum as particular form of violence Back, James Baker, Abner Balzac, Honore de Barnes, George O.
Barnes, Sydney Beattyville, KY Beckham, County Beckham, J. C. W.: and Breathitt County as governor pardons issued Bell, John Berea Citizen Berea College Bierce, Ambrose Billings, Dwight Blackburn, Senator Joseph Blackburn, Governor Luke Black Stock Blee, Kathleen Blind Corn Liquor Pickers (band) "Bloody Breathitt": and Civil War defined and depoliticization of violence and evangelism and "feuds"
and law and order and local memory and Louisville Courier-Journal and New Deal era and outside observers' misconceptions phrase first used and resistance to modernity and William Strong and World War I Blue-grass Blade Bluegrass region: during Civil War and eastern Kentucky feud in postwar violence in settled Bluegrass System Bohannon, Simeon Boone, Daniel Bourbon County, confused with Breathitt County Bourbon Democrats Bowling, C. X.
Bradley, William O.: and antilynching law and William Byrd Cardwell, pardons and "feud" violence and Goebel election bill as governor gubernatorial race, loses and the L&N and militia and mountain counties' support and pardons and reward for Strong's killer as U.S. senator Bramlette, Governor Thomas Breathitt County, KY: and "Bloody Breathitt"
civil disorder in coal in during Civil War Democratic founded and Goebel legal hanging, first and only lynching in railroad in during Reconstruction timber in in twentieth century and vigilantism violence in and World War I recruitment Breckinridge, John Breckinridge, Robert Breckinridge, W. C. P.
Bryan, William Jennings: and Goebel loses Kentucky in Electoral College wins Kentucky in 1908 Bryant, William (Breathitt County sheriff) Buckner, Simon Bolivar on disorder in southeastern Kentucky as governor and Lilly and pro-Confederate State Guard Bush, George W.
Butler, David K.
Byrd, Charley T.
Byrd, William Callahan, Edward: assassination attempts "clan chieftain"
and Cockrell murder as Democratic Party chairman as "feudist"
and Fox and Goebel and James Hargis and Jett and White's murder trial and Kuklux leader, accusations and Lexington Democrats and Abrelia Marcum murdered murders, implicated in political decline and retreat as sheriff and William Strong Callahan, Wilson Campbell, Alexander and Thomas (cofounders of Disciples of Christ) Campbell, John C.
cannel coal Cardwell, Jerry Carpenter, Andrew Cash, Wilbur J.
Caudill, Benjamin Cawein, Madison Celtic heritage in Breathitt County and feud racial purity in eastern Kentucky, alleged. See also Anglo-Saxon; violence, communal causes of; violence, endogenous causes of Cheney, Dick Cherokee nation Cincinnati Commercial-Tribune Cincinnati Enquirer Cincinnati Gazette Civil War, American Breathitt County in Breathitt County legacy and feud and intimacy Kentucky in and postwar violence civil wars Clay, Cassius Marcellus Clay, Henry Clay County, KY during Civil War feud in Klansmen in racial hierarchy in slaves, armed in Clay County Cattle War and later violence Clay County War (Garrard-Baker-White feud) Coates, Harold Cockrell, James (the elder) Cockrell, James (Jim) death Cockrell, Simon Cockrell, Thomas (Tom) Combs, Breck Confederacy in Breathitt County and guerrilla warfare in Kentucky postwar Kentucky, influence in contingency, historical in "feuds"
and nationalism of party politics in southern historiography Corsica, and blood feuds Coulter, E. Merton Cox, Braxton killing of Crawford, Matt Crawford, T. C.
Crittenden, John J.
Crockettsville, KY: Callahan home in as polling place telephone service in as Unionist mustering ground Davis, Jefferson Day, Carl Democratic Party: and Breathitt County in Civil War and Jim Crow legislation Kentucky politicians in and Ku Klux Klan and Republicans' views of depoliticization of violence and Civil War in eastern Kentucky feud used for and hierarchies of time and space and Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction and William Strong and war memory Dickey, James Jay: antispeculation screeds on Breathitt County on economic success and Guerrant Hatfield-McCoy feud, reports Jackson, arrives in and Jackson Hustler on law and order lynching, witnesses on prohibition on railroad and William Strong Donati's Comet, sighting Durkheim, emile Edgefield, SC ("bloody Edgefield") Ehrlichman, John Elliott County, KY Estill County, KY Eversole, John Eversole, Joseph Eversole Joseph (the younger) Eversole, William execution Fairbank, Calvin Falkner, William C.
Farm Security Administration Federal Writers' Project. See Works Progress Administration Fee, John G. (founder of Berea College) Feltner, Mose death feud and Civil War and depoliticization of violence ethnic associations Kentucky and mountain associations literary associations and medieval history southern associations "feud belt"
Fifteenth Amendment Fifth Kentucky Infantry (Confederate) Finney, Charles First Kentucky Infantry (Confederate) Fischer, David Hackett Fish, Hamilton Floyd County, KY Forrest, Nathan Bedford Foucault, Michel Fourteenth Amendment Fourteenth Kentucky Cavalry (Union) Fox, John, Jr.
on Breathitt County and Callahan Celtic description of Frankfort occupiers on Civil War role in establishing feud Heart of the Hills, The Frankfort, KY balloting, contested during Civil War Goebel in James Hargis in and Louisville Legion newspapers occupied after 1899 election Turner family's influence in Frankfort Reformatory Freedmen's Bureau Freeman, Daniel shot by John Aikman Freeman, Henry Freeman, Hiram Breathitt County, leaves racial identity with Red Strings after war sued for requisitioning livestock Freeman, William shot by John Aikman French, B. Fulton: death French-Eversole feud role and James Hargis and Abrelia Marcum French-Eversole feud Frost, William Fusionists, in Breathitt County and Breathitt County Democrats in a broader southern context Gambrel, Alfred Garfield, James Garrard County, KY Gilbert, Abijah Gilbert, James Gladwell, Malcolm Goebel, William assassinated and Breathitt County in fiction in Kentucky politics legacy in Kentucky politics Goebel elections bill Grant, Madison Grant, Ulysses Griffling James and William Guerrant, Edward O.
guerrillaism (guerrilla warfare) in American Civil War in Breathitt County and intimacy in Kentucky as violence in war memory Hagins, James Hagins, J. Wise: and Breathitt County fusionists and Breathitt County News and feud and Hargis and Callahan after Marcum murder Hargis, Alexander Hargis, Beech Hargis, Ben Hargis, James Breathitt County, power in on Day Law on election review committee and feud rhetoric and fusionists and Kentucky Democrats murder, accused of murdered at Music Hall Convention political decline on trial Hargis, John Lewis: at constitutional convention county court clerk and Democratic coup as legislator and slavery son in Confederate army in Three Forks region Hargis, John Seldon Hargis, Thomas Hargis, William Hargis-Cockrell feud in fiction in Jett memoir in popular memory and other "mountain feuds"
Harlan County as "bloody Harlan"
in fiction Gladwell on. See also Howard-Turner feud Harrison, Benjamin Harrison, William Henry Hatfield and McCoy feud and Civil War in fiction "Hatfields and McCoys" (as American idiom) Hazel Green Herald on Breathitt County violence as Democratic partisan and labor strike on Redwine and William Strong Hearst, William Randolph Hill-Evans feud Hobsbawm, Eric Hoffman, Charles Fenno Hofstadter, Richard Home Guards William Strong, misidentified Hoover, J. Edgar Howard, Jim Howard, Wilson Howard-Turner feud Gladwell on Howell, Treva Turner Hussein, Saddam intimacy of violence: in civil wars after war. See also civil wars Jackson, Andrew Jackson, KY antebellum economic development in booster literature as Confederate mustering grounds courthouse fire in fiction postwar development as violence setting Jackson, William (Louisville probate judge) Jackson Academy Jackson County, KY Jackson Hustler: advises prohibition and antispeculation screed and Dickey on "feuds"
office dynamited praises industry on Redwine Jefferson, Thomas Jennings, Will Jett, Curtis memoir murder trial post-prison career and death testifies Jett-Little feud Jo (slave owned by Jeremiah South) Johnson, Andrew Johnston, J. Stoddard Jones, James Kaiser Wilhelm II Keaton, Buster Kennedy-Sellers feud Kentucky: Civil War in constitutional conventions county formation and development early settlement as feud locale internal sectionalism labor uprisings in land policy liquor sales in politics in public hangings, legal during Reconstruction segregation in Kentucky General Assembly: and Bradley and civil rights and Civil War and counties and Democratic losses and districting and extralegal violence and firearm regulation and Goebel and land policy and Jeremiah South and state militia Kentucky River. See also Three Forks region Kentucky [Tri-Weekly] Yeoman Kentucky Un-American Activities Committee Kentucky Union Railroad fails strike against. See also Lexington & Eastern Railroad (L&E) Kephart, Horace Kilburn, Henderson lynched as Red String King, Martin Luther, Jr.
Ku Klux Klan ("Kuklux"): in American South in Breathitt County in Kentucky remembered Laurel County, KY Lee County, KY legitimacy of Breathitt County crisis of of elected officials of "feud" violence of guerrilla warfare of state violence of Strong's role as a military commander and Unionist of two-party politics Leslie, Governor Preston Letcher, Robert Lewis, John Lexington, KY and Breathitt County hosts murder trials Lexington & Eastern Railroad (L&E) purchased by Louisville and Nashville Railroad Lexington and Kentucky River Railroad Company Louisville Commercial Louisville Evening Post Lexington Herald Lexington Leader Lilly, Henry C.: as judge as military commander Lincoln, William Ellaby Lindon, James W.
Little, Jason Little, Jerry Little, Tom Louisville, KY and Democratic convention and labor strikes during war Louisville & Nashville Railroad (L&N) Goebel on purchases Lexington & Eastern transports Republicans to Frankfort Louisville Commercial Louisville Courier-Journal: on Bloody Breathitt and feud on Frankfort on Goebel on Kentucky violence on New Departure on William Strong. See also Watterson, Henry Louisville Legion lynching: in Breathitt County and feud in Kentucky legitimacy of in the South Madison County, KY Magoffin, Beriah Magoffin County, KY Marcum, Abrelia (later Abrelia Tucker): Hargis, accuses Hargis et al., lawsuit on Jett's parole remarries and leaves Kentucky Marcum, Edward Marcum, James Buchanan on Callahan and Hargis death compared to Goebel's as feud victim in fiction murdered in popular memory as Republican Marshall, Humphrey Martin Tolliver feud. See "Rowan County War"
May, Andrew J.
McCreary, Governor James B.: 1911 reelection on violence in Breathitt County McCreary County, KY McKinley, William: assassination Breathitt Democrats on Kentucky Electoral College win on war with Spain Mercer, Johnny, records "The Murder of J. B. Markham"
Metcalfe, Leonidas Metcalfe, Governor Thomas Mexican War Moore, Charles C.
Morgan, John Hunt Morgan County, KY "Murder of J. B. Markham, The" (song) Mutzenburg, Charles National Rifle Association (NRA) Nixon, Richard Noble, E. L.
Noble, George Washington as Confederate soldier and Ku Klux Klan and William Strong after the war Nunn, Louis Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) Operation: Iraqi Freedom Orwell, George "outside world": and Breathitt County's economic connections and feud in feud fiction and international feud societies and local corruption and local memory as separate from rural places and William Strong and Unionists. See also "Bloody Breathitt"
Owsley, William Owsley County as Unionist bastion Pearce, John Ed Perry County, KY and Appalachian otherness Breathitt apportioned from during Civil War 1879 courthouse riot French-Eversole feud Perryville, Battle of Peter I of Serbia Pickford, Mary Pike County female "white cappers" in Pilcher, Lewis political violence and Indian wars Ku Klux Klan and and political parties. See also depoliticization of violence Polk administration Pollard, O. H.
Powers, Caleb Price, Sterling primordialism: and ethnic determinism as explanation for violence and "feuds" in eastern Kentucky and kinship. See also violent tendencies, inherency of Rader, John Randall, Judge William H.: Breathitt County, flees circuit court judge Kentucky Union Railroad board member leaves office and Governor McCreary removed from bench Red Cross Redfield, Horace V.
Red String(s): in Breathitt courthouse riots Civil War origins disavowed by political candidate in 1880s 1890s, return inactive in local memory in Strong-Amis feud Redwine, David B.: in Breathitt County as circuit judge and Day Law death at Music Hall Convention and Beech Hargis Republican Party: in Breathitt County and Goebel affair in Kentucky during Reconstruction Rice, Otis Riddell, Robert riots: in Breathitt County in Lancaster, KY in Perry County as violence category Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Theodore Rosencrans, William Rousseau, Lovell "Rowan County War" (Martin-Tolliver feud) Rumsfeld, Donald sabotage Sandlin, Willie Schurz, Carl Scott, James C.
Scott, Sir Walter Semple, Ellen Seventh Kentucky Cavalry (Union) Sewell, Thomas: Breathitt County, leaves cofounds Jackson on Democratic coup road-building Shaler, Nathaniel Hale Sharp, Solomon Semple, Ellen Sixth Kentucky Cavalry (Union) Smith, John Smith, "Raccoon John"
Smith, Thomas "Bad Tom": execution interpreted hanged Solid South. See also American South; Democratic Party Sorel, Georges South, Andrew J.
South, Barry South, Jeremiah Weldon: background and Confederacy death and Democratic Party in Breathitt County and Disciples of Christ land ownership as legislator as penitentiary lessee and superintendent petitions for new county and Revolutionary land grant and slavery, and William Strong transforms Breathitt County area South, Jerry, Jr.
South, Jerry, III South, John South, Samuel (the elder) South, Samuel Spencer, George (George Freeman) Spicer, Asbury Spurlock, Miles, shot by William Strong squatters prevention by corporations on South family's land as Unionists Stanley, Ralph Stanton, Edwin, U.S. secretary of war State Guard Stone, W. K.
Strong, Ben Strong, Edward Callahan "Red Ned"
boom company cofounder as Confederate soldier and partisan as county judge Dickey interviews granddaughter eloping reelection attempt "wildlands" sale Strong, Flint Strong, Harlan Strong, Jim Strong, John Strong, "Nigger Dick"
Strong, Sam Strong, William (the elder) Strong, William: and Callahan camp meeting, absent as guerrilla interviewed killed and land claims peacemaking attempts after war in popular memory the press on and Red Strings and Smith hanging Andrew J. South kills in Strong-Amis feud and squatters as Unionist leader Sumner, Charles terrorism Tessy Boys Thirteenth Kentucky Cavalry (Confederate) Thompson, E. P.
Thompson, James J.
Three Forks Battalion Three Forks region county formation and economic development and mountain otherness settlement slavery in vigilantism in wartime partisanship in. See also Kentucky River Tilden, Samuel timber and boosterism and river traffic, and squatters torture Toynbee, Arnold Treadway, Elisha Troublesome Creek Boom Company Tucker, Abrelia. See Marcum, Abrelia Turner, Ervine and Marie Turner, Nat Twain, Mark "two Kentuckys"
Unionists: in Breathitt County and "feuds"
in Kentucky in slave states after the war. See also Civil War, American; Home Guards; Red String(s) U.S.-Mexican War. See Mexican War violence, communal causes of and American Civil War and assassination and "feuds"
and gender and lynching and popular memory and Reconstruction violence, endogenous causes of violence, exogenous causes of violence, horizontal violence, political and Indian wars Ku Klux Klan and and political parties. See also depoliticization of violence violence, varieties of: counterrevolutionary interracial intraracial legitimacy of revolutionary. See also assassination, public; civil wars; execution; legitimacy; lynching; political violence; riots; sabotage; terrorism; torture violent tendencies, inherency of: Bierce on curable by modernization and ethnicity explained in "feud belt"
during feud era Fox on Gladwell on and guerrilla warfare and Jett and James Jones and lynching and Abrelia Marcum and Pilcher and Reconstruction-era violence and Republicans as source of military fighting power vive voce Walcott, Marion Post Waller, Altina Warner, Charles Dudley Washington, Booker T.
Watterson, Henry: and Bloody Breathitt and eastern Kentucky and feud and Goebel and Kentucky's Klan law and order stance and New Departure and race on Republican Party's end Weber, Max "Whig Gibraltar"
Republican electorate center as Unionist stronghold Whig Party decline identity in Kentucky and the South White, John D.
White, Tom whitecapping Wickliffe, Charles Wilderness Road Willson, Augustus Wilmington Race Riot Wilson, E. Willis Wilson, Woodrow Wireman, Charles "Bulldog Charlie"
Woodford County Woodward, C. Vann Workingmen's Party opposition to convict labor Works Progress Administration World War I World War II.
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram "Yaller" Bill (slave owned by Jeremiah South).
NEW DIRECTIONS IN SOUTHERN HISTORY.
SERIES EDITORS.
Michele Gillespie, Wake Forest University.
William A. Link, University of Florida.