173. Ibid., June 3, 1904.

174. BCN, February 17, 1905.

175. Harrison and Klotter, A New History of Kentucky, 346.

176. Quoted in Arthur M. Miller, "The Vote on the Evolution Bill in the Kentucky State Legislature," 317.

177. Lexington Leader, March 3, 1900, quoted in "Yesterday's News," 236.

178. Pilcher, The Story of Jackson City, 16. Jaded as he was with feuds, Pilcher once engaged in a bit of gunplay himself when a large city marshal attacked him in his own newspaper office. Pilcher fired two shots and forced the marshal to retreat. FRA, May 19, 1906.

179. Pilcher, The Story of Jackson City, 33.

180. Ibid., 49.

181. Ibid., 101.

182. Ibid., 42.

183. Ibid., 44.

184. Ibid., 5859; Martin, "Race Cooperation," 17.

185. Pilcher, The Story of Jackson City, 50.

186. Ibid., 57.

187. Quoted in Bar On, The Subject of Violence, 44.

188. Earlington Bee, December 15, 1911.

189. Richmond Climax, April 13, 1910; clipping, St. Louis Daily Globe-Democrat, October 27, 1916; Frankfort State Journal, November 13, 1918, Appalachian Feuds Collection, box 1, series 6, Southern Appalachian Archives, HLSCA; Bourbon News, July 15, 1919; Jett, From Prison to Pulpit, 1719, 22, 5152, 68, 7576.

190. Jett, From Prison to Pulpit, 58.

191. Ibid., 10, 12.

192. Ibid., 3334.

193. Ibid., 48; "Religion."

194. Jett, From Prison to Pulpit, 1112.

195. Ibid., 1516.

196. Wireman, Kentucky Mountain Outlaw Transformed, 2.

197. Gooch and Keller, "Breathitt County in the Southern Appalachians," 1015.

198. Ibid., 1014.

199. Ibid., 1015.

200. "Breathitt County High School Students Give Their Thoughts about the Local Crime Situation," Appalachian Feuds Collection, Southern Appalachian Archives, box 1, series 4, HLSCA.

201. Interview with Harlan Strong, 1978, AOHP, no. 279: "Feuds in Breathitt County, Kentucky," 22.

202. Ibid., 13, 1821.

203. Ibid., 18. Harlan Strong probably confused the deaths of Kilburn and Ben Strong with the 1929 lynching of a white man named Chester Fugate in Jackson. His confusion was probably exacerbated by the fact that Fugate was Henderson Kilburn's grandson. Unlike when Henderson Kilburn and Ben Strong were killed, Fugate's alleged murderers were tried for the crime. All eight of them were acquitted. Wright, Racial Violence in Kentucky, 2045, 323; Jean Thomas, Blue Ridge Country, 74.

204. Brantlinger, Dark Vanishings, 6067.

205. Landsberg, Prosthetic Memory, 39.

206. Kalyvas, The Logic of Violence in Civil War, 83, 33063; Berkeley, The Graves Are Not Yet Full, 151.

207. Proposed in the late 1950s and eventually signed into law by John F. Kennedy in 1961, the ARA created opportunities for federal development initiatives in areas with high levels of poverty and unemployment. As with most other federal programs used in postWorld War II Appalachia, large-scale projects were blocked by local politicians and industrialists. Whisnant, Modernizing the Mountaineer, 7291.

208. Harwood, "East Kentucky's Mountain," quoted in Area Redevelopment Act, 650.

209. Williams, Appalachia, 27172, 27981.

Epilogue.

1. Bowling, Images of America, 13; Trailsrus County Courthouses: Courthouses in Kentucky-Breathitt Co., http://www.trailsrus.com/courthouses/breathitt.html (viewed July 25, 2008).

2. Pilcher, The Story of Jackson City, 50.

3. SIJ, August 10, 1917 (quote); Philadelphia Inquirer, August 11, 1917; Macon Telegraph, August 15, 1917; Dallas Morning News, August 19, 1917; MSA, September 4, 1917, January 29, 1918; Lexington Herald, September 5, October 16, November 19, 1917; Hartford Republican, October 19, 1917; Berea Citizen, August 8, 1918; "How about It, Vermont?" 11; Baltimore Sun, November 22, 1917; Kilpatrick, "When Breathitt Went to Battle," 15458; "Humor of the Law," 54; Official Proceedings of the St. Louis Railroad Club, 200; Flood Control, 2337; Clark, The Kentucky, 156; Schulman, John Sherman Cooper, 28; Frederic D. Ogden, The Public Papers of Governor Keen Johnson, 416.

4. Sandlin was the only native-born Kentuckian to earn the Medal of Honor in World War I. Hartford Herald, May 7, 1919; New York Tribune, December 20, 1919; Washington Times, December 21, 1919; Wilbanks, America's Heroes, 29899; WPA, Military History of Kentucky, 340.

5. "Those Lawless Mountaineers."

6. Flood Control, 2337 (quote)2338.

7. Hartford Republican, October 19, 1917.

8. Kilpatrick, "When Breathitt Went to Battle," 154.

9. Ibid., 155.

10. Hartman, "Appalachian Anxiety," 24348.

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