Its song is composed of notes equal in length and number to that of the Picazuro, but its voice is exceedingly hoa.r.s.e, like that of the European Wood-Pigeon.

The great body of these birds retire, on the approach of summer, from the Rio Negro valley, a few only remaining to breed. Their nesting-habits and eggs are like those of the Picazuro.

359. ZENAIDA MACULATA (Vieill.).

(SPOTTED DOVE.)

+Zenaida maculata+, _Burm. La-Plata Reise_, ii. p. 497; _Scl. et Salv. Nomencl._ p. 132; _iid. P. Z. S._ 1868, p. 143 (Buenos Ayres); _Durnford, Ibis_, 1877, p. 193 (Buenos Ayres); _Gibson, Ibis_, 1880, p. 8 (Buenos Ayres); _White, P. Z. S._ 1882, p. 626 (Catamarca); _Barrows, Auk_, 1884, p. 275 (Entrerios).

_Description._--Above pale brown; nape plumbeous; outer wing-coverts and scapularies with a few black spots; wings dark grey, with fine white margins; tail plumbeous, broadly ended with white, and crossed by a subapical black band; middle rectrices like the back: beneath pale vinaceous, brighter on the breast, and whiter on the throat; bill black; feet yellow: whole length 90 inches, wing 55, tail 35. _Female_ similar.

_Hab._ South America, from the Amazons to Chili and Buenos Ayres.

This is the commonest species of the Pigeon tribe in the Argentine country, and is known to every one as the _Torcasa_, probably a corruption of _Tortola_, Turtle-Dove. In autumn they often congregate in very large flocks, and are sometimes observed migrating, flock succeeding flock, all travelling in a northerly direction, and continuing to pa.s.s for several consecutive days. But these autumnal migrations are not witnessed every year, nor have I seen any return-migration in spring; while the usual autumn and winter movements are very irregular, and apparently depend altogether on the supply of food. When the giant thistle has covered the plains in summer incredible numbers of Torcasas appear later in the season, and usually spend the winter on the plains, congregating every evening in countless myriads wherever there are trees enough to form a suitable roosting-place.

On bright warm days in August, the sweet and sorrowful sob-like song of this Dove, composed of five notes, is heard from every grove--a pleasing, soft, murmuring sound, which causes one to experience by antic.i.p.ation the languid summer feeling in his veins.

The nest, as in other Pigeons, is a simple platform of slender sticks; the eggs are oval, white, and two in number. The birds appear to breed by preference near a human habitation, and do so probably for the sake of the protection afforded them; for the Chimango and other birds of prey destroy their eggs and young to a large extent.

One summer a Torcasa laid an egg in the nest of one of my Pigeons, built on the large horizontal branch of a tree at some distance from the dove-cote. The egg was hatched, and the young bird feared by its foster-parents; and when able to fly it took up its abode along with the other Pigeons. The following spring it began to separate itself from its companions, and would fly to the porch, and sit there cooing by the hour every day. At length it went away to the plantation, having, I believe, found a mate, and we saw no more of it.

360. METRIOPELIA MELANOPTERA (Mol.).

(BLACK-WINGED DOVE.)

+Metriopelia melanoptera+, _Burm. La-Plata Reise_, ii. p. 496 (Cordilleras); _Scl. et Salv. Nomencl._ p. 132.

_Description._--Above pale brown; wings and tail black; bend of wing white; wing-coverts like the back: beneath pale vinaceous; bill and feet black: whole length 80 inches, wing 50, tail 35. _Female_ similar.

_Hab._ Andes of South America.

This Dove is widely diffused in Western South America from Ecuador to Chili. Dr. Burmeister tells us that it is found in the high valleys of the Cordilleras on the Argentine side, from 6000 to 12,000 feet in alt.i.tude, and along with _Phrygilus fruticeti_ is one of the birds seen at the greatest alt.i.tudes by the traveller over the pa.s.ses of the Andes.

One of Dr. Burmeister's specimens is in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and G.o.dman.

361. METRIOPELIA AYMARA (Knip et Prev.).

(AYMARA DOVE.)

+Metriopelia aymara+, _Scl. et Salv. Nomencl._ p. 132. +Columbina aurisquamata+, _Leybold, Leopoldina_, viii. p. 53 (1873).

_Description._--Above pale brown; wings and tail black; wing-coverts like the back; some of the middle coverts with bright golden apical spots: beneath pale vinaceous; throat whitish; middle of belly and crissum pale cinnamomeous; bill black; feet yellow: whole length 70 inches, wing 45, tail 25. _Female_ similar.

_Hab._ Peru, Bolivia, and N.W. Argentina.

Dr. Leybold's collector obtained examples of this Dove in 1863, at Los Paramillos, a rocky district near Uspallata, on the Argentine slope of the Chilian Andes. Some of these specimens are in the collection of Messrs. Salvin and G.o.dman.

The species is easily recognizable by the bright golden wing-spots.

362. COLUMBULA PICUI (Temm.).

(PICUI DOVE.)

+Columbula picui+, _Burm. La-Plata Reise_, ii. p. 496 (Mendoza, Parana, Tuc.u.man); _Scl. et Salv. Nomencl._ p. 133; _iid. P. Z.

S._ 1868, p. 143 (Buenos Ayres); _Durnford, Ibis_, 1877, p. 193 (Buenos Ayres); _Gibson, Ibis_, 1880, p. 7 (Buenos Ayres); _Barrows, Auk_, 1884, p. 275 (Entrerios).

_Description._--Above brownish cinereous; head and neck plumbeous; wing-feathers black; coverts and outer secondaries like the back, but bordered with white on their outer edges, and with a band of bright blue across the tips of the lesser coverts; tail white, middle rectrices like the back, lateral rectrices more or less bordered with cinereous on the outer web, except the outer pair, which are pure white: beneath pale vinaceous; throat, lower belly, and crissum white; under wing-coverts black; bill black; feet yellow: whole length 65 inches, wing 35, tail 20. _Female_ similar, but duller; above nearly uniform brown.

_Hab._ Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Chili.

This species, the smallest of our Doves, is common everywhere in the Plata district, where it is called _Tortolita_ (Little Turtle-Dove), Azara's name _Picui_ not being known to our countrymen.

It is usually seen with its mate, for many individuals seem to pair for life; but sometimes a dozen or twenty individuals unite in one flock. It is resident, comes a great deal about houses, and is familiar with man, and lively in its habits. It sings a great deal in summer, and even on warm days in winter; but its tones are wanting in the wild pathos which gives a charm to the melody of some of our larger species, the song consisting of a succession of long, rather loud, and somewhat monotonous notes, pleasant to hear, like most bird-music, but nothing more.

The nest is the usual slight structure of sticks; the eggs two, oval, and white. They breed twice, and sometimes three times, in one season, the last brood being hatched as late as April or even May.

363. CHAMaePELIA TALPACOTI (Temm.).

(TALPACOTI DOVE.)

+Chamaepelia talpacoti+, _Scl. et Salv. Nomencl._ p. 133; _White, P.

Z. S._ 1882, p. 626 (Salta).

_Description._--Above deep reddish vinaceous; head plumbeous; wings black; coverts and outer secondaries like the back, but the latter spotted with elongated black bands on the outer webs; tail black, tipped with vinaceous; middle rectrices like the back: beneath similar, but not so dark, and whitish on the throat; bill black; feet yellow: whole length 65 inches, wing 35, tail 25. _Female_ similar, but much duller and more brownish.

_Hab._ Brazil, Paraguay, and Northern Argentina.

The Talpacoti or Chocolate Dove is an inhabitant of Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. In Argentina it occurs only on the northern frontiers, and was met with by White at Oran, in the province of Salta, in the month of November:--"These pretty chocolate-coloured Doves," he tells us, "fly in pairs, and at this date were found constructing their nests in the orange-groves. They are sometimes seen on the ground busily in quest of seeds, but are very wild and not at all common."

White also obtained specimens of this Dove at Concepcion in Misiones.

364. ENGYPTILA CHALCAUCHENIA (Scl. et Salv.).

(SOLITARY PIGEON.)

+Peristera frontalis+, _Burm. La-Plata Reise_, ii. p. 497 (Parana, Tuc.u.man). +Leptoptila megalura+, _White, P. Z. S._ 1882, p. 626 (Salta) (?). +Leptoptila chalcauchenia+, _Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S._ 1869, p. 633; _iid. Nomencl._ p. 133; _Salvin, Ibis_, 1880, p.

363 (Salta); _Barrows, Auk_, 1884, p. 275 (Entrerios).

_Description._--Above greyish brown; head and nape plumbeous; back of neck with the feathers edged with iridescent bronzy green; tail blackish, broadly tipped with white; central rectrices like the back: beneath pale vinaceous; middle of throat, belly, and crissum white; under surface of wings bright chestnut; bill black; feet yellowish: whole length 100 inches, wing 57, tail 48. _Female_ similar.

_Hab._ Argentine Republic.

This Dove, which is a southern form of a widely distributed group of species of the genus _Engyptila_, formerly called _Leptoptila_, inhabits the woods of the Plata district, and never, like other Pigeons, seeks the open country to feed. It is solitary, although, where many birds live in close proximity, three or four may be sometimes seen in company.