NATURALISTIC (Design)--The direct imitation of forms taken from nature, retaining as much as possible of their original shape, color, etc.

OPTICAL ILLUSION--An error, normal to the average eye, in the perception of certain lines, angles, and s.p.a.ces. Recognized by the designers of type and of typography.

ORNAMENT--Similar to decoration.

PERSIAN (Art)--Covered by the period from about 550 B.C. to 330 B.C.

Derived from a.s.syrian art but strongly influenced by the Greek.

POINT OF BALANCE--The point, unindicated in the finished design, upon which the various attractions of the design are balanced in appearance.

PROPORTION--The comparative relationship between the various elements in a design.

RENAISSANCE--The period of art activity in the 14th and 15th centuries in Italy. A revival of the cla.s.sic arts but developed and enriched beyond former heights.

RHYTHM--Movement, characterized by the regular recurrence of accent or motion.

ROMAN (Design)--A transplanted development of Greek design, influenced by Roman habits and character. More realistic in the treatment of natural forms than the Greek.

SHAPE--The contour or appearance of an area.

SCANDINAVIAN (Design)--That of the nations Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, characterized by rich interlacements, and many symbolic devices.

SYMBOLIC--Typifying or representing the idea or purpose of a design.

SYMMETRY--Regular arrangement of parts across a given axis, so that a division through that axis will give similar halves.

TONE--The amount (not kind) of light reflected from a given surface--"a light tone" or "dark in tone."

VARIETY--An intermixture of elements in a design different in form or color and not arranged symmetrically.

TYPOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL SERIES FOR APPRENTICES

The following list of publications, comprising the TYPOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL SERIES FOR APPRENTICES, has been prepared under the supervision of the Committee on Education of the United Typothetae of America for use in trade cla.s.ses, in course of printing instruction, and by individuals.

Each publication has been compiled by a competent author or group of authors, and carefully edited, the purpose being to provide the printers of the United States--employers, journeymen, and apprentices--with a comprehensive series of handy and inexpensive compendiums of reliable, up-to-date information upon the various branches and specialties of the printing craft, all arranged in orderly fashion for progressive study.

The publications of the series are of uniform size, 5 x 8 inches. Their general make-up, in typography, ill.u.s.trations, etc., has been, as far as practicable, kept in harmony throughout. A brief synopsis of the particular contents and other chief features of each volume will be found under each t.i.tle in the following list.

Each topic is treated in a concise manner, the aim being to embody in each publication as completely as possible all the rudimentary information and essential facts necessary to an understanding of the subject. Care has been taken to make all statements accurate and clear, with the purpose of bringing essential information within the understanding of beginners in the different fields of study. Wherever practicable, simple and well-defined drawings and ill.u.s.trations have been used to a.s.sist in giving additional clearness to the text.

In order that the pamphlets may be of the greatest possible help for use in trade-school cla.s.ses and for self-instruction, each t.i.tle is accompanied by a list of Review Questions covering essential items of the subject matter. A short Glossary of technical terms belonging to the subject or department treated is also added to many of the books.

These are the Official Text-books of the United Typothetae of America.

Address all orders and inquiries to COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION, UNITED TYPOTHETAE OF AMERICA, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U. S. A.

PART I--_Types, Tools, Machines, and Materials_

1. =Type: a Primer of Information= By A. A. Stewart

Relating to the mechanical features of printing types; their sizes, font schemes, etc., with a brief description of their manufacture.

44 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 74 review questions; glossary.

2. =Compositors' Tools and Materials= By A. A. Stewart

A primer of information about composing sticks, galleys, leads, bra.s.s rules, cutting and mitering machines, etc. 47 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 50 review questions; glossary.

3. =Type Cases, Composing Room Furniture= By A. A. Stewart

A primer of information about type cases, work stands, cabinets, case racks, galley racks, standing galleys, etc. 43 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 33 review questions; glossary.

4. =Imposing Tables and Lock-up Appliances= By A. A. Stewart

Describing the tools and materials used in locking up forms for the press, including some modern utilities for special purposes. 59 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 70 review questions; glossary.

5. =Proof Presses= By A. A. Stewart

A primer of information about the customary methods and machines for taking printers' proofs. 40 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 41 review questions; glossary.

6. =Platen Printing Presses= By Daniel Baker

A primer of information regarding the history and mechanical construction of platen printing presses, from the original hand press to the modern job press, to which is added a chapter on automatic presses of small size. 51 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 49 review questions; glossary.

7. =Cylinder Printing Presses= By Herbert L. Baker

Being a study of the mechanism and operation of the princ.i.p.al types of cylinder printing machines. 64 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 47 review questions; glossary.

8. =Mechanical Feeders and Folders= By William E. Spurrier

The history and operation of modern feeding and folding machines; with hints on their care and adjustments. Ill.u.s.trated; review questions; glossary.

9. =Power for Machinery in Printing Houses= By Carl F. Scott

A treatise on the methods of applying power to printing presses and allied machinery with particular reference to electric drive. 53 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 69 review questions; glossary.

10. =Paper Cutting Machines= By Niel Gray, Jr.

A primer of information about paper and card trimmers, hand-lever cutters, power cutters, and other automatic machines for cutting paper. 70 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 115 review questions; glossary.

11. =Printers' Rollers= By A. A. Stewart

A primer of information about the composition, manufacture, and care of inking rollers. 46 pp.; ill.u.s.trated; 61 review questions; glossary.

12. =Printing Inks= By Philip Ruxton