p. 390: Act for International Development: George Ball to JFK, Mar. 16, 1961, Box 87; Chester Bowles to JFK, May 22, 23, 1961, Box 28, POF. Gallup, 1700-1701.

pp. 390-91: "apathy, indifference": PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 402-3. Gallup, 1724-25, 1732, 1734, 1741, 1745. 402-3. Gallup, 1724-25, 1732, 1734, 1741, 1745.

p. 391: "What should I do": Quoted in Sorensen, 691.

p. 391: Civil defense meetings: David Bell to Files, Mar. 20, 1961, Box 283A; McGeorge Bundy, "Civil Defense Meeting," May 9, 1961, Box 295, NSF.

p. 391: "great fears": Marc Raskin to Bundy, May 19, 1961, Box 295, NSF.

p. 391: Considerations governing expanded civil defense: David Bell to JFK, Mar. 18, 1961, Box 70; McGeorge Bundy to Sherley Ewing, April 26, 1961, Box 295, POF.

p. 391: "would show the world": "Some Issues Relating to a Fallout Shelter Program," n.d., but clearly before JFK's May 25 State of the Union speech; Box 295, NSF.

p. 391: "which we could never": PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 402. 402.

pp. 391-92: Rockefeller: Sorensen, 692.

p. 392: Landing a man on the moon: PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 403-5. 403-5.

p. 392: Only time he departed from his text in speaking to Congress: Sorensen, 592.

p. 392: Arguments against manned s.p.a.ceflights: Michael R. Beschloss, "Kennedy and the Decision to Go to the Moon," in Launius and McCurdy, 51-55.

p. 392: A majority of Americans agreed: Gallup, 1702-3, 1720.

p. 392: "that we shall": PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 404. 404.

p. 393: "clearly one of the great": Sorensen, 591.

p. 393: "But why": PPP: JFK, 1962, PPP: JFK, 1962, 669. 669.

p. 393: Advantages of manned mission: JFK to Brook Overton, Mar. 22, 1961, Box 82, POF; Robert Dallek, "Johnson, Project Apollo, and the Politics of s.p.a.ce Program Planning," in Launius and McCurdy, 72-74.

p. 393: JFK-LBJ exchange: JFK to LBJ, April 20, 1961; LBJ to JFK, April 28, 1961, Box 28, POF. McDougall, 320; Dallek, "Johnson, Project Apollo," 70-72.

p. 394: The president "is afraid": Lincoln Diary, May 1, 1961, Box 4, Evelyn Lincoln Papers, JFKL.

p. 394: "You know, Lyndon": Newton Minow OH, LBJL.

pp. 394-95: Discussions with de Gaulle: PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 405-6, 413. 405-6, 413.

p. 395: "a great captain": PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 405. De Gaulle and FDR: Dallek, 405. De Gaulle and FDR: Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, 376-79. 376-79.

p. 395: De Gaulle's att.i.tude: FRUS: Laos Crisis, FRUS: Laos Crisis, 22. 22.

p. 395: De Gaulle and JFK's shared views: C. L. Sulzberger, "De Gaulle-How Splendid the Day Was," New York Times, New York Times, April 29, 1961; President's Visit to De Gaulle: Talking Points, May 27, 1961, Box 116A, POF. April 29, 1961; President's Visit to De Gaulle: Talking Points, May 27, 1961, Box 116A, POF.

pp. 395-96: Tensions with de Gaulle: R. W. Komer to JFK, Mar. 6, 1961, Box 220, NSF; President's Visit: Talking Points, May 27, 1961, Box 116A, POF; FRUS: Laos Crisis, FRUS: Laos Crisis, 115; 115; FRUS: Vietnam, 1961, FRUS: Vietnam, 1961, 254. 254.

p. 396: "seemed to prefer": Sorensen, 633.

p. 396: "Even when": Nicholas Wahl to McGeorge Bundy, May 1961, Box 331, NSF. Also see Abram Chayes OH.

p. 396: Kennedy read de Gaulle's: Sorensen, 631.

p. 396: "behind his patrician": De Gaulle, The War Memoirs, The War Memoirs, 78-84. 78-84.

p. 396: The only topic: President's Visit to De Gaulle, May 27, 1961, Box 116A, POF. JFK's arrival in Paris: New York Times, New York Times, June 1, 1961; June 1, 1961; Time, Time, June 9, 1961; Charles de Gaulle, June 9, 1961; Charles de Gaulle, Memoirs of Hope, Memoirs of Hope, 254, including "suffering the drawbacks"; Richard Reeves, 145-46. 254, including "suffering the drawbacks"; Richard Reeves, 145-46.

p. 397: De Gaulle's formal dinner toast: PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 424-25. 424-25.

p. 397: "somewhat fumbling": De Gaulle, Memoirs of Hope, Memoirs of Hope, 254. 254.

p. 397: Memorized quotes: Beschloss, Crisis Years, Crisis Years, 183. 183.

p. 397: The gift: Sorensen, 633.

p. 397: "You've studied": Charles Bohlen OH.

p. 397: The conversations: De Gaulle, Memoirs of Hope, Memoirs of Hope, 254-59; 254-59; FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, 80-86; 80-86; FRUS: Laos Crisis, FRUS: Laos Crisis, 214-20; Talking Points Reviewing Conversations between Pres. Kennedy and Pres. De Gaulle, May 31- June 2, 1961, Box 116A, POF. 214-20; Talking Points Reviewing Conversations between Pres. Kennedy and Pres. De Gaulle, May 31- June 2, 1961, Box 116A, POF.

p. 397: Told an English friend: Sir Alec Douglas-Home OH.

pp. 398-99: Medical problems: Dr. Janet Travell medical records, JFKL. Dr. Max Jacobson, "John F. Kennedy," in NHP. Parmet, JFK, JFK, 120-21; Beschloss, 120-21; Beschloss, Crisis Years, Crisis Years, 189-91. 189-91.

p. 399: "I don't care": Reeves, President Kennedy, President Kennedy, 36. 36.

p. 399: "was in overall charge": Beschloss, Crisis Years, Crisis Years, 191. 191.

p. 399: "doctors came and went": Richard Reeves, 146-47.

p. 399: Jacobson and Jackie: Dr. Max Jacobson, "John F. Kennedy," in NHP; Richard Reeves, 146-47.

p. 399: Jackie and de Gaulle: Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 349. 349.

p. 399: Jackie's impact on the French: Leaming, 112-13.

p. 399: "Charm": Ibid., 425.

p. 399: The French press: Quoted in Richard Reeves, 154.

p. 400: "I do not think": PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 429. 429.

p. 400: JFK resented: Interview with Marianne Means.

p. 400: Contingency planning for the Dominican Republic and Haiti: FRUS: American Republics, 1961-1963, FRUS: American Republics, 1961-1963, 614, 616-18, 623-24, 629-33; the report of the a.s.sa.s.sination plot is on 629n. 614, 616-18, 623-24, 629-33; the report of the a.s.sa.s.sination plot is on 629n. FRUS: Cuba, 1961-1962, FRUS: Cuba, 1961-1962, 472-73, 478, 481. Salinger, 225-26. 472-73, 478, 481. Salinger, 225-26.

pp. 400-401: The Bowles-RFK clash: FRUS: American Republics, FRUS: American Republics, 634-41. 634-41.

p. 401: "gutless b.a.s.t.a.r.d" and Bowles conversation with JFK: Halberstam, Best and Brightest, Best and Brightest, 88-89. 88-89.

p. 401: British Guiana: FRUS: American Republics, FRUS: American Republics, 513-19. 513-19.

p. 402: "I hear there is something": Halberstam, Best and Brightest, Best and Brightest, 94-95. 94-95.

p. 402: JFK and de Gaulle on Khrushchev: FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 80-81. Also see Halberstam, 80-81. Also see Halberstam, Best and Brightest, Best and Brightest, 96-97. 96-97.

pp. 402-3: The quotes in the doc.u.ments preceding the summit are in FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 130-33, 135-37, 153, 161, 163, 168. 130-33, 135-37, 153, 161, 163, 168.

p. 403: Kennan's a.n.a.lysis: Ibid., 168-70.

p. 403: The initial reception: New York Times, New York Times, June 4, 1961; Kenneth O'Donnell Tapes, Tape 51, JFKL; Beschloss, June 4, 1961; Kenneth O'Donnell Tapes, Tape 51, JFKL; Beschloss, Crisis Years, Crisis Years, 191-92. 191-92.

p. 403: "You make a h.e.l.l": Quoted in Schoenbaum, 335.

p. 405: For the opening exchanges: Richard Reeves, 159; FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 172-73. 172-73.

p. 405: "ways and means": Ibid., 173-74.

pp. 405-6: Additional JFK-Khrushchev exchanges in the first conversation: Ibid., 174-78.

p. 406: The luncheon exchanges: Ibid., 178-81.

pp. 406-7: The stroll in the garden: O'Donnell and Powers, 296; FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 182; Beschloss, 182; Beschloss, Crisis Years, Crisis Years, 198-99. 198-99.

p. 407: The afternoon meeting: FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 183-96. 183-96.

p. 407: Khrushchev's exhilaration: Sergei Khrushchev, 106.

p. 407: "He's very young": Quoted in Richard Reeves, 166.

p. 408: "to connect the questions": FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 196-97. 196-97.

p. 408: For the JFK, Thompson, Bohlen reactions: Beschloss, Crisis Years, Crisis Years, 205; Richard Reeves, 165-67. 205; Richard Reeves, 165-67.

pp. 408-9: The compet.i.tion for international prestige: "John F. Kennedy, USIA, and World Public Opinion," Diplomatic History, Diplomatic History, Winter 2001, 63-84. Winter 2001, 63-84.

pp. 409-10: The dinner party: New York Times, New York Times, June 4, 1961; Rose Kennedy, 404-5; Schlesinger, June 4, 1961; Rose Kennedy, 404-5; Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 367; Nikita Khrushchev, 498-99; Beschloss, 367; Nikita Khrushchev, 498-99; Beschloss, Crisis Years, Crisis Years, 207-9. 207-9.

p. 410: The second day opening exchanges: FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 206-11. 206-11.

p. 410: "Look, Mr. Chairman": Richard Reeves, 167. This exchange is not in the FRUS FRUS memo for June 4 at 10:30 memo for June 4 at 10:30 A.M. A.M., but Reeves cites it as in a memcom at the National Security Archive, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.

pp. 410-11: Exchanges over the test ban and disarmament: FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 211-16. 211-16.

pp. 411-12: Discussion of Germany and Berlin: Ibid., 216-25.

p. 412: Exchanges over lunch: Ibid., 225-28.

p. 412: "I can't leave here": O'Donnell and Powers, 297.

p. 412: "I'm not going": Time, Time, Jan. 5, 1962. Jan. 5, 1962.

p. 412: "This is the nut-cutter": Quoted in Bradlee, Conversations, Conversations, 126. 126.

p. 413: Kennedy began by saying: FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 229-30. 229-30.

p. 413: "Then Mr. Chairman:" Quoted in Richard Reeves, 171, which is based on a Reeves interview with, and letter from, Rusk.

p. 413: With James Reston: New York Times, New York Times, June 5, 1961; Halberstam, June 5, 1961; Halberstam, Best and Brightest, Best and Brightest, 95-97. 95-97.

p. 413: On Air Force One: Air Force One: O'Donnell Tapes, Tape 53; O'Donnell and Powers, 298; Press Panel OH. O'Donnell Tapes, Tape 53; O'Donnell and Powers, 298; Press Panel OH.

pp. 413-14: Conversation with O'Donnell: O'Donnell Tapes, Tape 53; O'Donnell and Powers, 297-99.

p. 414: "somebody with whom": Guthman and Shulman, 28-29, 262-63.

Chapter 12: Crisis Manager

p. 415: On initial contact between JFK and Macmillan, see Memo of Meeting, April 6, 1961, Box 175, NSF.

p. 415: "so old": Guthman and Shulman, 30-31, 262.

p. 415: "in the bosom": Brandon Diaries, June 9, 1961, Henry Brandon Papers, LC.

p. 415: "It was the gay things": Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, A Thousand Days, 374-77. 374-77.

pp. 415-16: Macmillan meeting: Macmillan, 355-59. FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, 98-102. 98-102.

p. 416: Meeting with congressional leaders: FRUS: Soviet Union, FRUS: Soviet Union, 232-37. 232-37.

pp. 416-17: JFK TV address, June 6: PPP: JFK, 1961, PPP: JFK, 1961, 441-46. 441-46.

p. 417: "a widespread feeling": Time, Time, June 30, 1961. June 30, 1961.

p. 417: "I 'feel in my bones'": Horne, Macmillan, Macmillan, 310. See 310. See The Times The Times of London, which complained that JFK "has not exercised proper and effective leadership": Sen. Albert Gore to Editor, The Times, June 28, 1961, Box 27, POF. of London, which complained that JFK "has not exercised proper and effective leadership": Sen. Albert Gore to Editor, The Times, June 28, 1961, Box 27, POF.

p. 417: "this problem": FRUS: Berlin Crisis, FRUS: Berlin Crisis, 107-8. 107-8.

p. 417: "There are limits": Quoted in Wofford, 379.

p. 418: Khrushchev's dilemma: Vladislav M. Zubok, "Khrushchev and the Berlin Crisis, 1958-1962," Cold War International History Project, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C., May 1993.

p. 418: Aide-memoires and Khrushchev speech: New York Times, New York Times, June 12, 16, and 17, 1961. June 12, 16, and 17, 1961.