[2] Properly Atahualpa.

[3] Thus the original. Something is lacking to complete the sense.--Note by Icazbalceta.

[4] The _peso_ is about an ounce.

[5] Jauja.

[6] Properly Challcuchima or Calicuchima. This remarkable Indian general was a son of Epiclachima, younger brother of Cacha, last Caran Scyri of Quito. Cacha was conquered by Huayna Capac about 1487, and Calicuchima entered the service of Atahualpa who was his kinsman through Paccha his cousin, Huayna Capac's wife. (Velasco.)

[7] Something lacking in the text.

[8] _Caribes_, in Spanish, sometimes means the Carib people; here, simply savages.

[9] In the text of Ramusio, _Se gli diede una storta col mangano al collo_.

[10] This name is, of course, an error.

[11] Gucunacaba is Huayna Capac. He left three legitimate sons beside Huascar, viz., Manco, Paullu, and t.i.tu Atauchi. I do not know which of them was Sancho's "Atabalipa" number two. See Sarmiento, 1907, p. xvii.

[12] Cuzcos = Incas.

[13] Probably Huascar.

[14] Huamachuco.

[15] Andamarca.

[16] Huaylas.

[17] Cajatambo.

[18] Icazbalceta suggests that this place is Cajamarquilla. I do not agree with this opinion, because Cajamarquilla had long been in ruins when the Spaniards arrived. (Cf. Hodge, 1897, pp. 304 ff.) It was probably Chacamarca, (see below).

[19] San Miguel de Piura.

[20] San Miguel was founded first at another site which, on being found to be unhealthy, was deserted; San Miguel was soon refounded at Piura.

(Cf. Prescott, Bk. III, Cap. III, Moses, 1914, vol. I, p. 99.) It is possible that the "captain" mentioned here was no other than Sebastian de Belalcazar or Benalcazar who later conquered Quito. (Cf. Moses, 1914, I, p. 106.)

[21] This is obviously a mistake.

[22] Descriptions of Inca bridges will be found at:

Garcila.s.so, 1859, I, pp. 253 ff., 260.

Cieza de Leon, 1864, pp. 314-315.

Joyce, 1912, pp. 142-143.

Beuchat, 1912, pp. 608, 650.

Pinkerton, 1808-1814, XIV, p. 530. (Picture.)

[23] Pachacamac has often been described. See especially Uhle, 1903; and Estete, 1872; and Markham, 1912, pp. 232 ff.

[24] Cajatambo.

[25] Pambo = Pombo = Pumpu.

[26] It is impossible to tell what the correct names of these personages may have been.

[27] Pombo = Pambo = Pumpu.

[28] Chacamarca. See Raimondi's map, 1875.

[29] The Spanish here is very prolix. I have given an approximate and shorter phraseology.

[30] This may be the "Tice" mentioned in Section II, under another name.

But all Sancho's proper names are in great confusion.

[31] It is barely possible that "Aticoc" may be an attempt at t.i.tu Atauchi.

[32] The candor or barefacedness with which the secretary, Sancho, confesses and even applauds the bad faith of Pizarro in various places in this narrative, which he wrote by order of Pizarro, is worthy of admiration.--Note by Icazbalceta.

[33] The original: _che haurebbe dato rame che i Capitani etc., soldati fossero venuti alla pase_. The significance of the word _rame_ is obscure; as at times it means _money_, whence comes the vulgar phrase _questo sa di rame_, in order to indicate that a thing is dear, it appeared to me that I might adopt the interpretation which I give, although I am not satisfied with it.--Note by Icazbalceta. The present translator has translated the Spanish as given by Icazbalceta.

[34] The original; _veduto_ appears to me an error for _venuto_.--Icazbalceta.

[35] Inca "roads" were designed for foot traffic, and steps were the means used for going up slopes.

[36] Parcostambo.

[37] Vilcas.

[38] All within the parentheses is a reconstruction of the evident sense rather than a translation.

[39] Cf. Bandelier, 1910, p. 61.

[40] _Serrata_ means either _espesura_ [thicket] or _angostura_ [cleft].

[41] Quizquiz, like Chalicuchima, had been a general of Atahualpa before the coming of the Spaniards. He fought long against the invaders, but at length his unavailing efforts caused him to be murdered by his own followers. See Garcila.s.so, II, p. 509; Sarmiento, 171-173; Cieza de Leon, Chr., Pt. II, pp. 164 and 227; Markham, 1912, pp. 247-251.

[42] Andahuaylas.

[43] Curamba.

[44] Andahuaylas.

[45] Vilcas.

[46] Curamba is the correct form for Airamba (given above).

[47] Vilcas, sometimes called Vilcashuaman, was a part of the territory controlled by the Chanca before they were made subjects to Cuzco. The conquest of the Chanca may have begun in the time of Rocca, but it had its culmination in that of Viracocha. Tupac Yupanqui built numerous temples and palaces there, and the region round about Vilcas was traversed by important roads or trails. It is a place that is mentioned by nearly all the early writers. Cf. Garcila.s.so, I, pp. 324-326, II, p.