Solomon Drowne

We have already quoted from the Recollections of Jeremiah Johnson who lived on the banks of Wallabout Bay during the Revolution. He further says: "The prisoners confined in the Jersey had secretly obtained a crow-bar which was kept concealed in the berth of some confidential officer among the prisoners. The bar was used to break off the _port_ gratings. This was done, in windy nights, when good swimmers were ready to leave the ship for the land. In this way a number escaped.

"Captain Doughty, a friend of the writer, had charge of the bar when he was a prisoner on board of the Jersey, and effected his escape by its means. When he left the ship he gave the bar to a confidant to be used for the relief of others. Very few who left the ship were retaken. They knew where to find friends to conceal them, and to help them beyond pursuit.

"A singularly daring and successful escape was effected from the Jersey about 4 o'clock one afternoon in the beginning of Dec. 1780. The best boat of the ship had returned from New York between 3 & 4 o'clock, and was left fast at the gangway, with the oars on board. The afternoon was stormy, the wind blew from the north-east, and the tide ran flood.

A watchword was given, and a number of prisoners placed themselves carelessly between the ship's waist and the sentinel. At this juncture four Eastern Captains got on board the boat, which was cast off by their friends. The boat pa.s.sed close under the bows of the ship, and was a considerable distance from her before the sentinel in the fo'castle gave the alarm, and fired at her. The second boat was manned for a chase; she pursued in vain; one man from her bow fired several shots at the boat, and a few guns were fired at her from the Bushwick sh.o.r.e; but all to no effect,--and the boat pa.s.sed h.e.l.l-gate in the evening, and arrived safe in Connecticut next morning.

"A spring of the writer was a favorite watering-place for the British shipping. The water-boat of the Jersey watered from this spring daily when it could be done; four prisoners were generally brought on sh.o.r.e to fill the casks, attended by a guard. The prisoners were frequently permitted to come to the (Johnstons') house to get milk and food; and often brought letters privately from the prisoners. From these the sufferings on board were revealed.

"Supplies of vegetables were frequently collected by Mr. Remsen (the benevolent owner of the mill,) for the prisoners; and small sums of money were sent on board by the writer's father to his friends by means of these watering parties."

AN ESCAPE FROM THE JERSEY

"I was one of 850 souls confined in the Jersey in the summer of 1781, and witnessed several daring attempts to escape. They generally ended tragically. They were always undertaken in the night, after wrenching or filing the bar off the port-holes. Having been on board several weeks, and goaded to death in various ways, four of us concluded to run the hazard. We set to work and got the bars off, and waited impatiently for a dark night. We lay in front of Mr. Remsen's door, inside of the pier head and not more that 20 yards distant. There were several guard sloops, one on our bow, and the other off our quarter a short distance from us. The dark night came, the first two were lowered quietly into the water; and the third made some rumbling. I was the fourth that descended, but had not struck off from the vessel before the guards were alarmed, and fired upon us. The alarm became general, and I was immediately hauled on board (by the other prisoners).

"They manned their boats, and with their lights and implements of death were quick in pursuit of the unfortunates, cursing and swearing, and bellowing and firing. It was awful to witness this deed of blood. It lasted about an hour,--all on board trembling for our shipmates. These desperadoes returned to their different vessels rejoicing that they had killed three d.a.m.ned rebels.

"About three years after this I saw a gentleman in John St., near Na.s.sau, who accosted me thus: 'Manley, how do you do?' I could not recollect him. 'Is it possible you don't know me? Recollect the Old Jersey?' And he opened his vest and bared his breast. I immediately said to him--'You are James McClain.' 'I am,' said he. We both stepped into Mariner's public house, at the corner, and he related his marvellous escape to me.

"'They pursued me:--I frequently dived to avoid them, and when I came up they fired on me. I caught my breath, and immediately dived again, and held my breath till I crawled along the mud. They no doubt thought they killed me. I however, with much exertion, though weak and wounded, made out to reach the sh.o.r.e, and got into a barn, not far from the ship, a little north of Mr. Remsen's house. The farmer, the next morning, came into his barn,--saw me lying on the floor, and ran out in a fright. I begged him to come to me, and he did, I gave an account of myself, where I was from, how I was pursued, with several others. He saw my wounds, took pity on me; sent for his wife, and bound up my wounds, and kept me in the barn until night-fall,--took me into his house, nursed me secretly, and then furnished me with clothing, etc., and when I was restored, he took me with him, into his market-boat to this city, and went with me to the west part of the city, provided me with a pa.s.sage over to Bergen, and I landed somewhere in Communipaw. Some friends helped me across Newark Bay, and then I worked my way, until I reached Baltimore, to the great joy of all my friends." [Footnote: "Recollections of Captain Manley".]

Just what proportion of captives died on board of the Jersey it is now impossible to determine. No doubt there were many escapes of which it is impossible to obtain the particulars. The winter of 1779-80 was excessively cold, and the Wallabout Bay was frozen over. One night a number of prisoners took advantage of this to make their escape by lowering themselves from a port hole on to the ice. It is recorded that the cold was so excessive that one man was frozen to death, that the British pursued the party and brought a few of them back, but that a number succeeded in making their escape to New Jersey. Who these men were we have been unable to discover. Tradition also states that while Wallabout Bay was thus frozen over the Long Island market women skated across it, with supplies of vegetables in large hampers attached to their backs, and that some of them came near enough to throw some of their supplies to the half-famished prisoners on board the Jersey.

It would appear that these poor sufferers had warm friends in the farmers who lived on the sh.o.r.es of the Wallabout. Of these Mr. A.

Remsen, who owned a mill at the mouth of a creek which empties into the Bay, was one of the most benevolent, and it was his daughter who is said to have kept a list of the number of bodies that were interred in the sand in the neighborhood of the mill and house. In 1780 Mr Remsen hid an escaped prisoner, Major H. Wyckoff, for several days in one of his upper rooms, while at the same time the young lieutenant of the guard of the Jersey was quartered in the house. Remsen also lent Captain Wyckoff as much money as he needed, and finally, one dark night, safely conveyed him in a sleigh to Cow Neck. From thence he crossed to Poughkeepsie.

Although little mention is made by those prisoners who have left accounts of their experiences while on board the Jersey, of any aid received by them from the American government the following pa.s.sage from a Connecticut paper would seem to indicate that such aid was tendered them at least for a time. It is possible that Congress sent some provisions to the prison-ships for her imprisoned soldiers, or marines, but made no provision for the crews of privateers.

"New London. September 1st. 1779. D. Stanton testifies that he was taken June 5th, and put in the Jersey prison ship. An allowance from Congress was sent on board. About three or four weeks past we were removed on board the Good Hope, where we found many sick. There is now a hospital ship provided, to which they are removed and good attention paid."

The next extract that we will quote probably refers to the escape of prisoners on the ice referred to above.

"New London. Conn. Feb. 16th. 1780. Fifteen prisoners arrived here who three weeks ago escaped from the prison-ship in the East River. A number of others escaped about the same time from the same ship, some of whom being frost-bitten and unable to endure the cold, were taken up and carried back, one frozen to death before he reached the sh.o.r.e."

"_Rivington's Gazette_, Dec. 19th 1780. George Batterman, who had been a prisoner on board the prison ship at New York, deposes that he had had eight ounces of condemned bread per day; and eight ounces of meat. He was afterwards put on board the Jersey, where were, as was supposed, 1,100 prisoners; recruiting officers came on board and finding that the American officers persuaded the men not to enlist, removed them, as he was told, to the Provost. The prisoners were tempted to enlist to free themselves from confinement, hopeless of exchange. * * * The prisoners had a pint of water per day:--the sick were not sent to the hospitals until they were so weak and ill that they often expired before they got out of the Jersey. The commanding officer said his orders were that if the ship took fire we should all be turned below, and left to perish in the flames. By accident the ship took fire in the steward's room, when the Hessian guards were ordered to drive the prisoners below, and fire among them if they resisted or got in the water."

Talbot in his Memoirs stated that: "When the weather became cool and dry in the fall and the nights frosty the number of deaths on board the Jersey was _reduced_ to an average of ten per day! which was _small_ compared with the mortality for three months before. The human bones and skulls yet bleaching on the sh.o.r.e of Long Island, and exposed by the falling down of the high bank, on which the prisoners were buried, is a shocking sight." (Talbot, page 106.)

In May, 1808, one William Burke of New York testified that "He was a prisoner in the Jersey 14 months, has known many American prisoners put to death by the bayonet. It was the custom for but one prisoner at a time to go on deck. One night while many prisoners were a.s.sembled at the grate, at the hatchway to obtain fresh air, and waiting their turn to go on deck, a sentinel thrust his bayonet down among them, and 25 next morning were found to be dead. This was the case several mornings, when sometimes six, and sometimes eight or ten were found dead by wounds thus received."

A Connecticut paper, some time in May, 1781, stated that. "Eleven hundred French and American prisoners died in New York last winter."

A paper published in Philadelphia, on the 20th of February, 1782, says: "Many of our unfortunate prisoners on board the prison ships in the East River have perished during the late extreme weather, for want of fuel and other necessaries."

"New London. May 3rd. 1782. One thousand of our seamen remain in prison ships in New York, a great part in close confinement for six months past, and in a most deplorable condition. Five hundred have died during the past five or six months, three hundred are sick; many seeing no prospect of release are entering the British service to elude the contagion with which the prison ships are fraught."

Joel Barlow in his Columbiad says that Mr. Elias Boudinot told him that in the Jersey 1,100 prisoners died in eighteen months, almost the whole of them from the barbarous treatment of being stifled in a crowded hold with infected air; and poisoned with unwholesome food, and Mr Barlow adds that the cruelties exercised by the British armies on American prisoners during the first years of the war were unexampled among civilized nations.

CONCLUSION

Such of the prisoners as escaped after months of suffering with health sufficient for future usefulness in the field often re-enlisted, burning for revenge.

Mr. Scharf, in his "History of Western Maryland," speaks of Colonel William Kunkel, who had served in Prussia, and emigrated to America about the year 1732. He first settled in Lancaster, Pa., but afterwards moved to Western Maryland. He had six sons in the Revolution. One of these sons entered the American army at the age of eighteen. Taken prisoner he was sent on board the Jersey, where his sufferings were terrible. On his return home after his exchange he vowed to his father that he would return to the army and fight until the last redcoat was driven out of the country. He did return, and from that time, says Mr Scharf, his family never heard from him again.

Mr. Crimmins in his "Irish-American Historical Miscellany," says: "An especially affecting incident is told regarding one prisoner who died on the Jersey. Two young men, brothers, belonging to a rifle corps were made prisoners, and sent on board the ship. The elder took the fever, and in a few days became delirious. One night as his end was fast approaching, he became calm and sensible, and lamenting his hard fate, and the absence of his mother, begged for a little water. His brother with tears, entreated the guard to give him some, but in vain. The sick youth was soon in his last struggles, when his brother offered the guard a guinea for an inch of candle, only that he might see him die. Even this was denied."

The young rifleman died in the dark.

"Now," said his brother, drying his tears, "if it please G.o.d that I ever regain my liberty, I'll be a most bitter enemy!"

He was exchanged, rejoined the army, and when the war ended he is said to have had eight large and one hundred and twenty-seven small notches on his rifle stock. The inference is that he made a notch every time he killed or wounded a British soldier, a large notch for an officer, and a small one for a private.

Mr. Lecky, the English historian, thus speaks of American prisoners: "The American prisoners who had been confined in New York after the battle of Long Island were so emaciated and broken down by scandalous neglect or ill usage that Washington refused to receive them in exchange for an equal number of healthy British and Hessian troops. * * * It is but justice to the Americans to add that their conduct during the war appears to have been almost uniformly humane. No charges of neglect of prisoners, like those which were brought, apparently with too good reason, against the English, were substantiated against them. The conduct of Washington was marked by a careful and steady humanity, and Franklin, also, appears to have done much to mitigate the war."

Our task is now concluded. We have concerned ourselves with the prisoners themselves, not much with the history of the negotiations carried on to effect exchange, but have left this part of the subject to some abler hand. Only a very small part of the story has been told in this volume, and there is much room for future investigations. It is highly probable that if a systematic search is made many unpublished accounts may be discovered, and a great deal of light shed upon the horrors of the British prisons. If we have awakened interest in the sad fate of so many of our brave countrymen, and aroused some readers to a feeling of compa.s.sion for their misfortunes, and admiration for their heroism, our task has not been in vain.

APPENDIX A

LIST OF 8000 MEN WHO WERE PRISONERS ON BOARD THE OLD JERSEY

PRINTED BY PERMISSION OF THE SOCIETY OF OLD BROOKLYNITES

This list of names was copied from the papers of the British War Department. There is nothing to indicate what became of any of these prisoners, whether they died, escaped, or were exchanged. The list seems to have been carelessly kept, and is full of obvious mistakes in spelling the names. Yet it shall be given just as it is, except that the names are arranged differently, for easier reference. This list of prisoners is the only one that could be found in the British War Department. What became of the lists of prisoners on the many other prison ships, and prisons, used by the English in America, we do not know.

Garret Aarons John Aarons (2) Alexander Abbett John Abbett James Abben John Abbott Daniel Abbott Abel Abel George Abel Jacob Aberry Jabez Abett Philip Abing Thomas Abington Christopher Abois William Aboms Daniel Abrams Don Meegl (Miguel) Abusure Gansio Acito Abel Adams Amos Adams Benjamin Adams David Adams Isaac Adams John Adams (4) Lawrence Adams Moses Adams Nathaniel Adams Pisco Adams Richard Adams Stephen Adams Thomas Adams Warren Adams Amos Addams Thomas Addett Benjamin Addison David Addon John Adlott Robert Admistad Noah Administer Wm Adamson (2) John Adobon James Adovie Sebastian de Aedora Jean Aenbie Michael Aessinis Frances Affille Joseph Antonio Aguirra Thomas Aguyn.o.ble John Aires Robert Aitken Thomas Aiz Manuel Ajote Jacob Akins Joseph Aker (2) Richard Akerson Charles Albert Piere Albert Robert Albion Joachin Alconan Joseph de Alcorta Juan Ignacid Alcorta Pedro Aldaronda Humphrey Alden Fred Aldkin George Aldridge Jacob Alehipike Jean Aleslure Archibald Alexander John Alexander (2) Lehle Alexander William Alexander Thomas Alger Christopher Aliet Joseph Aliev George Alignott Joseph Allah Gideon Allan Hugh Allan Francis Allegree Baeknel Allen Bancke Allen Benjamin Allen Bucknell Allen Ebeneser Allen George Allen Gideon Allen Isaac Allen John Allen (5) Josiah Allen Murgo Allen Richard Allen (2) Samuel Allen (7) Squire Allen Thomas Allen (3) William Allen (4) Jean Allin Caleb Allis Bradby Allison Bradey Allison James Allison Frances Alment Arrohan Almon Aceth Almond William Alpin Jacob Alsfrugh Jacob Alsough Jacob Alstright Jacob Alsworth Thomas Alvarey Miguel Alveras Don Ambrose Alverd Joseph Alvey James Alwhite George Alwood James Alwood Charles Amey Anthony Amingo Manuel Amizarma Nathaniel Anabel Austin Anaga Jean Ancette Charles Anderson Joseph Anderson Robert Anderson William Anderson (3) George Andre Benjamin Andrews Charles Andrews Dollar Andrews Ebeneser Andrews Francis Andrews Frederick Andrews Jerediah Andrews John Andrews (4) Jonathan Andrews Pascal Andrews Philany Andrews Thomas Andrews William Andrews Guillion Andrie Pashal Andrie Dominique Angola Andre D. C. Annapolen Joseph Anrandes John Anson William Anster David Anthony Davis Anthony Samuel Anthony Pierre Antien Jacques Antiqua Jean Anton Francis Antonf John Antonio Daniel Appell Daniel Apple Thomas Appleby Samuel Appleton Joseph Aquirse ---- Arbay Abraham Archer James Archer John Archer Stephen Archer Thomas Arcos Richard Ariel Asencid Arismane Ezekiel Arme Jean Armised James Armitage Elijah Armsby Christian Armstrong William Armstrong Samuel Arnibald Amos Arnold Ash Arnold Samuel Arnold Charles Arnolds Samuel Arnolds Thomas Arnold Andres Arral Manuel de Artol Don Pedro Asevasuo Hosea Asevalado James Ash Henry Ash John Ashbey John Ashburn Peter Ashburn John Ashby Warren Ashby John Ashley Andrew Askill Francis Aspuro John Athan George Atkins John Atkins Silas Atkins John Atkinson Robert Atkinson William Atkinson James Atlin Duke Attera Jean Pierre Atton John Atwood Henry Auchinlaup Joseph Audit Anthony Aiguillia Igarz Baboo Augusion Peter Augusta Thomas Augustine Laurie Aujit George Austin Job Avery Benjamin Avmey Francis Ayres Don Pedro Azoala

B

Franklin Babc.o.c.k William Babc.o.c.k James Babel Jeremiah Babell Jean Babier Abel Baboard Vascilla Babtreause Francis Bachelier Jonathan Bachelor Antonio Backalong Francis Backay Benjamin Bacon Esau Bacon Judah Bacon Stephen Badante Laurence Badeno William Bad.i.c.k Jonathan Baddock John Baggar Barnett Bagges Adam Bagley Joseph Bahamony John Bailey (2) William Bailey Moses Baird Joseph Baisolus William Baison William Batho Christopher Baker Ebenezer Baker John Baker (2) Joseph Baker Judah Baker Lemuel Baker Nathaniel Baker Pamberton Baker Pemberton Baker Pembleton Baker Thomas Baker (3) David Baldwin James Baldwin John Baldwin Nathaniel Baldwin Ralph Baldwin Thomas Ball Benjamin Ballard John Ballast Joseph Balumatigua Ralf Bamford Jacob Bamper Peter Banaby James Bandel Augustine Bandine Pierre Bandine John Banister (2) Matthew Bank James Banker John Banks Matthew Banks Jean Rio Bapbsta Jean Baptista Gale Baptist Jean Baptist John Barber Gilbert Barber John Barden William Barenoft Walter Bargeman Joseph Bargeron Charles Bargo Mabas Bark Benjamin Barker Edward Barker Jacom Barker John Barker Peter Barker Thomas Barker Benjamin Barkly Joseph Bark.u.mp John Barley James Barman Ethiem Barnell Charles Barnes Henry Barnes Wooding Barnes John Barnett Henry Barney Mons Barney Samuel Barney William Barnhouse James Barracks Pierre Barratt Abner Barre Dennis Barrett Enoch Barrett Francis Barrett Samuel Barrett William Barrett Robert Barrol Bernard Barron Enoch Barrott Francis Barsidge William Bartlet Joseph Bartley Charles Barthalemerd Charles Bartholemew Joseph Bartholomew ---- Bartholomew Benjamin Bartholoyd Petrus Bartlemie Michael Bartol Thomas Barton John Basker William Bason Donnor Ba.s.s Juvery Bastin Michael Bastin Louis Baston Asa Batcheler Benjamin Bate Benjamin Bates Henry Bates James Bates William Batt John Battersley John Battesker Adah Batterman Adam Batterman George Batterman (2) Joseph Batterman ---- Baumos Thomas Baus...o...b..njamin Bavedon George Baxter Malachi Baxter Richard Bayan Joseph Bayde Thomas Bayess John Bayley Joseph Baynes Jean Baxula John Bazee Daniel Beal Samuel Beal Joseph Beane James Beankey James Bearbank Jesse Bearbank Morgan Beard Moses Beard Daniel Beatty Benjamin Beasel Joseph Beaufort Perri Beaumont Andrew Beck Thomas Beck William Beckett Jonathan Beckwith Francis Bedell Frederick Bedford Joseph Bedford Thomas Bedford Benjamin Beebe Elias Beebe Joshua Beebe Benjamin Beeford James Beekman Walter Beekwith Lewis Begand Joseph Begley Joseph Belcher John Belding Pierre Belgard Aaron Bell Charles Bell Robert Bell Uriah Bell Alexander Bellard Joseph Belter Julian Belugh Jean Bengier Joseph Benloyde John Benn George Bennett John Bennett Joseph Bennett Peter Bennett Pierre Bennett Anthony Benson Stizer Benson David Benton John Benton Peter Bentler Nathaniel Bentley (2) Peter Bentley William Bentley Joshua M Berason Joseoh Berean Julian Berger Lewis Bernall Francis Bernardus Francis Bercoute Jean Juquacid Berra Abner Berry Alexander Berry Benjamin Berry Daniel Berry Dennis Berry Edward Berry John Berry Peter Berry (2) Philip Berry Simon Berry William Berry (3) Philip Berrycruise William Berryman Jean Bertine Martin Bertrand John Bertram Andrew Besin Jean Beshire John Beszick James Bett Samuel Bevan Jean Bevin Benjamin Beverley Robert Bibbistone John Bice Andrew Bick John Bickety Charles Bierd David Bierd Joshua Bievey Benjamin Bigelow Oliver Bigelow Thomas Biggs Jean Bilarie Charles Bill (2) Garden Bill John Bill (2) Pierre Bill John Billard James Biller Samuel Billing Benjamin Billings Bradford Billings Ezekiel Billings Robert Billings David Billows Frarey Binnen Cirretto Biola Pierre Biran Alexander Birch Nathaniel Birch Joseph Bird Weldon Bird Thomas Birket Samuel Birmingham Ezekiel Bishop Israel Bishop John Bishop (2) John Bissell Jack Bissick Osee Bissole Pierre Bitgayse Peter Bitton Daniel Black James Black (3) John Black Joseph Black Robert N Black Samuel Black (2) Timothy Black William Black John Blackburn Alexander Blackhunt William Blackpond V C Blaine John Blair Charles Blake Increase Blake James Blake Samuel Blake Valentine Blake David Blanch Robert Blanch Joseph Blancher William Blanchet John Blanney Gideon Blambo Jesse Blacque Joseph Blateley Lubal Blaynald Asa Blayner Edward Blevin Benjamin Blimbey William Blimbey Joseph Blinde William Bliss Samuel Blissread Juan Blodgett Seth Blodgett John Blond Lewis Blone Louis Blong Peter Bloome (2) Samuel Bloomfield Jomes Blossom James Blowen John Bloxand William Bluard George Blumbarg George Blunt (4) William Blythe Matthew Boar John Bobier John Bobgier Joseph Bobham Jonathan Bocross Lewis Bodin Peter Bodwayne John Boelourne Christopher Boen Purdon Boen Roper Bogat James Boggart Ralph Bogle Nicholas Boiad Pierre Boilon William Boine Jacques Bollier William Bolt William Bolts Bartholomew Bonavist Henry Bone Anthony Bonea Jeremiah Boneafoy James Boney Thomas Bong Barnabus Bonus James Bools William Books John Booth Joseph Borda Charles Borden John Borman James Borrall Joseph Bortushes Daniel Borus (2) Joseph Bosey Pierre Bosiere Jacques Bosse Ebenezer Boswell Gustavus Boswell Lewis Bothal Charles Bottis James Bottom Walter Bottom Augustin Boudery Augustus Boudery Anthony Bouea Theophilus Boulding Pierre Bounet Lewis Bourge John Boursbo Lawrence Bourshe Jean Boutilla Lewis Bouton Edward Boven Elijah Bowden Arden Bowen Elijah Bowen Ezekiel Bowen Paldon Bowen Thomas Bowen (3) William Bowen Willis Bowen James Bowers Thomas Bowers Fulbur Bowes James Bowles Daniel Bowman Benjamin Bowman Elijah Bowman (2) John Bowman Michael Bowner John Bowrie P I Bowree Jean Bowseas John Boyau Thomas Boyd John Boyde David Boyeau Francis Boyer Joseph Boyne Thomas Bradbridge Samuel Bradbury William Braden James Brader Samuel Bradfield William Bradford Abijah Bradley Alijah Bradley Daniel Bradley James Bradley Abraham Bradley John Brady James Bradyon Ebenezer Bragg (2) William Bragley Nathaniel Braily Zacheus Brainard Joseph Bramer Zachary Bramer William Bramber James Branart Aholibah Branch William Brand Ralf Brandford Charles Branel William Bransdale David Branson Peter Braswan Peter Brays (2) Burden Brayton Peter Brayton John Bredford James Brehard Elijah Bremward Pierre Brene George Brent Pierre Bretton John Brewer Samuel Brewer Joseph Brewett James Brewster (2) Seabury Brewster John Brice Thomas Bridges Glond Briges Cabot Briggs Alexander Bright Henry Brim Peter Brinkley Ephraim Brion Louis Brire Thomas Brisk Simon Bristo Jalaher C Briton Peter Britton Thomas Britton Ephraim Broad (3) Ossia Broadley Joseph Broaker Joshua Brocton Philip Broderick William Broderick (2) Joseph Broge William Brooker Charles Brooks (2) Henry Brooks Paul Brooks Samuel Brooks (2) Thomas Brooks Benjamin Brown Christopher Brown David Brown (2) Francis Brown Gustavus Brown (3) Hugh Brown (2) Jacob Brown James Brown (3) Jonathan Brown John Brown (12) Joseph Brown (3) Michael Brown Nathaniel Brown Patrick Brown Peter Brown Samuel Brown (3) William Brown (5) W. Brown William Boogs Brown Willis Brown Essick Brownhill Wanton Brownhill Charles Brownwell Gardner Brownwell Pierre Brows James Bruding Lewis Brun Daniel Bruton Edward Bryan John Bryan Matthew Bryan Nathaniel Bryan William Bryan Benjamin Bryand Ephraim Bryand James Bryant William Bryant Nicholas Bryard Francis Bryean Richard Bryen Berr Bryon Thomas Bryon Simon Buas Thomas Buchan Francis Buchanan Elias Buck Elisha Buck John Buck Joseph Bucklein Philip Buckler Cornelius Buckley Daniel Buckley (2) Francis Buckley Jacob Buckley John Buckley (3) Daniel Bucklin (2) Samuel Buckwith David Buckworth Benjamin Bud Nicholas Budd Jonathan Buddington Oliver Buddington Waller Buddington William Budgid John Budica Joshua Buffins Lawrence Buffoot John b.u.g.g.e.r Silas Bugg John Buldings Jonathan Bulgedo Benjamin Bullock Thomas Bullock Benjamin b.u.mbley Lewis Bunce Norman Bunce Thomas Bunch Antonio Bund Obadiah Bunke Jonathan Bunker Timothy Bunker William Bunker Richard Bunson (2) Murdock Buntine Frederick Bunwell Thomas Burch Michael Burd Jeremiah Burden Joseph Burden William Burden Jason Burdis Daniel Burdit Bleck Burdock Robert Burdock Vincent Burdock Henry Burgess Theophilus Burgess Barnard Burgh Prosper Burgo Jean Burham James Burke Thomas Burke William Burke Michael Burkman William Burn Frederick Burnett James Burney James Burnham Daniel Burnhill Archibald Burns Edward Burns (2) Henry Burns John Burns Thomas Burns Stephen Burr Pierre Burra Francis Burrage John Burrell Lewis Burrell Isaac Burrester Jonathan Burries Nathaniel Burris John Burroughs Edward Burrow James Burton John Burton Jessee Byanslow Bartholomew Byi John Bylight

C

Abel Cable Louis Cadat Louis Pierre Cadate Michael Cadate John Caddington Nathan Caddock Jean Cado John Cahoon Jonathan Cahoone Thomas Caile David Cain (2) Thomas Cain Samuel Caird Joseph Caivins Pierre Cajole Thomas Calbourne James Calder Caplin Calfiere Nathaniel Calhoun Charles Call Barnaby Callagham Daniel Callaghan William Callehan James Callingham Andrew Caiman Francis Calon Parpi Calve Nicholas Calwell Joseph Cambridge Edward Cameron Simon Came Oseas Camp Alexander Campbell Frederick Campbell James Campbell Jesse Campbell John Campbell (2) Joseph Campbell Philip Campbell (2) Robert Campbell Thomas Campbell (2) James Canady Joseph Canana Satarus Candie Jacob Canes Richard Caney Jacob Canmer William Cannady William Canner Charles Cannon Francis Cannon John Cannon Joseph Cannon Samuel Cannon Jean Canute Francis Cape Timothy Cape Daniel Capnell William Caransame Robert Carbury Juan Fernin Cardends Joseph Carea Isaac Carelton Joseph Carender Ezekiel Carew Daniel Carey John Carey (4) Joshua Carey Richard Carey William Cargall Joseph Cariviot Edward Garland Antonio Carles William Carles Jean Carlton Thomas Carlton John Carlisle Justan Carlsrun Benjamin Carman Benjamin Carmell William Carmenell Edward Carmody Anthony Carney Hugh Carney David Carns Jean Carolin Pierre Carowan John Carpenter Miles Carpenter Richards Carpenter Edward Carr Isaac Carr John Carr (2) Philip Carr William Carr Robert Carrall ---- Carret Thomas Carrington Jean Carrllo James Carroll John Carroll Michael Carroll Perance Carroll William Carrollton John Carrow Peter Carroway Avil Carson Batterson Carson Israel Carson James Carson Robert Carson (2) Samuel Carson William Carson Levi Carter Thomas Carter William Carter (2) John Carvell Joseph Casan Joseph Casanova John Case Thomas Case Thomas Casewell Edward Casey John Casey William Casey Stephen Cash Jacob Cashier Jean Cashwell Gosper Ca.s.sian Samuel Ca.s.son John Casp Anthony Casper Michael Ca.s.sey John Castel Joseph Castile Thomas Castle (2) John Caswell (3) Baptist Cavalier Francis Cavalier George Cavalier James Cavalier Thomas Cavalier Joseph Augustus Cavell Gasnito Cavensa Thomas Caveral Pierre Cawan John Cawrier John Cawrse Edward Cayman Anthony Cayner Oliver Cayaran John Cerbantin ---- Chabbott Perrie Chalier Samuel Chalkeley Hurbin Challigne John Challoner William Challoner Pierre Chalore Benjamin Chamberlain Bird Chamberlain Charles Chamberland Nancy Chambers Dore Champion Lines Champion Thomas Champion Clerk Champlin Isaac Champlin James Chapin Joseph Chapley Joseph Chaplin Josiah Chaplin Lodowick Chaplin Daniel Chapman James Chapman Jeremiah Chapman John Chapman (2) Lion Chapman Samuel Chapman Charles Chappel Frederick Chappell John Chappell John Charbein Ichabod Chard William Charfill James Charles John Charles Jean Charoner Aaron Chase Augustus Chase (2) Earl Chase (2) George Chase (2) Lonie Chase Samuel Chase Jean Chatfield Jovis Chaurine John Cheavelin Christopher Chenaur Louis Chenet Andrew Cheesebrook David Cheesebrook James Cheesebrook Pierre Cheesebrook Samuel Cheesebrook Britton Cheeseman James Cheevers Christopher Chenaur Benjamin Chencey Louis Chenet John Cherry William Cherry John Chese Hiram Chester Benjamin Chevalier John Chevalier Jean Gea Chevalier Julian Chevalier Edward Cheveland Lasar Chien Silas Childs Cadet Chiller Thomas Chilling Abel Chimney David c.h.i.n.ks Leshers Chipley William Christan Henry Christian John Christian (2) James Christie Benjamin Chittington Bartholomew Chivers Benjamin Chopman Matthew Chubb David Chueehook Benjamin Church (2) Israel Church Thomas Church John Churchill Pierre Clabe Edward Clamron Benjamin Clannan Edward Clanwell Supply Clap (2) Supply Twing Clap Edward Claring Charles Clark Church Clark James Clark (2) John Clark Jubal Clark William Clark (2) Emanuel Clarke Daniel Clarke Jacob Clarke James Clarke Joshua Clarke Lewis Clarke Nicholas Clarke Noel Clarke Stephen Clarke Theodore Clarke Timothy Clarke William Clarke (2) Samuel Clarkson Samuel Claypole Edward Clayton William Clayton David Cleaveland Michel Clemence Clement Clements Alexander Clerk Gambaton Clerk Isaac Clerk Jacob Clerk Jonathan Clerk John Clerk (3) Lardner Clerk Nathaniel Clerk Peleg Clerk Thomas Clerk (3) Tully Clerk William Clerk Thomas Clever Jean Clineseau David Clinton Philip Clire John Cloud John Coarsin Christian Cobb Christopher Cobb Francis Cobb John Cobb Jonathan Cobb Nathaniel Cobb Richard Cobb Thomas Cobb Christopher Cobbs Raymond Cobbs Timothy Cobley Moses Cobnan Eliphas Coburn James Cochran John Cochran (2) Richard Cochran John c.o.c.ker John c.o.c.klin Equatius Code Lewis Codean Christopher Codman James Codner Abel Coffin Edward Coffin Elias Coffin Elisha Coffin (2) Obadiah Coffin (2) Richard Coffin Simon Coffin (2) Zechariah Coffin William Cogeshall John Coggeshall Robert Coghill John Cohlen David Coisten Guilliam c.o.kill James Colbert Abial Cole Benjamin Cole (2) John Cole (2) Joshua Cole Rilhard Cole Thomas Cole (2) Waller Cole David Coleman James Coleman Nicholas Coleman Stephen Coleman James Colford Miles Colhoon Lewis Colinett Alexander Colley Basquito Colley Septor en Collie Candal Collier John Collings Joseph Collingwood Doan Collins James Collins (2) John Collins (3) Joseph Collins Powell Collins William Collins Daniel Collohan Thomas Collough Joseph Colloy Elisha Colman John Colney Frederick Colson James Colting Julian Columb Julian Colver David Colvich Nathaniel Colwell Nathaniel Combick Joseph Combs Matthew Combs Joseph Comby Gilbert Comick Patrick Condon Stafford Condon Philip Cong Strantly Congdon Muller Congle John Connell John Connelly George Conner James Conner John Conner (2) Robert Conner Patrick Connelly Samuel Connelly John Connor William Connor George Conrad Frederick Contaney William Conva.s.s John Conway Thomas Conway Robert Conwell Amos Cook Anthony Cook Benjamin Cook Eashak Cook Esbric Cook Ezekiel Cook (2) Frederick Cook George Cook James Cook (3) John Cook (4) Joseph Cook Richard Cook Samuel Cooke Stephen Cooke Abraham Cooper Ezekiel Cooper Matthew Cooper (2) Mot Cooper Nathaniel Cooper (3) Richard Cooper Warren Cooper William Cooper Aaron Cooping Joseph Copeland Andrew Cord Joseph Cornean Peter Cornelius John Cornell Matthew Cornell James Corner Benjamin Corning Robert Cornwell William Cornwell Bernard Corrigan John Corrigan John Corroll Battson Corson Pomeus Corson Lewis Cortland Robert Corwell Joseph de Costa Antonio Costo Noel Cotis Anghel Cotter David Cotteral David Cottrill James Couch John Couch Thomas Coudon John Coughin Pierre Coulanson Nathaniel Connan Francis Connie Perrie Coupra Jean de Course Leonard Courtney Louis Couset Joseph Cousins Frances Cousnant Jean Couster John Coutt Vizenteausean Covazensa John Coventry John Coverley Peter Covet Zechariah Coward James Cowbran James Cowen John Cowins Edward Cownovan Enoch c.o.x Jacob c.o.x John c.o.x Joseph c.o.x (2) Portsmouth c.o.x William c.o.x Thurmal c.o.xen Asesen Craft Joseph Craft Matthias Craft (2) James Craig Thomas Craig Henry Crandall Oliver Crane Philip Crane Samuel Crane William Cranston Abel c.r.a.pe (2) Thomas Craton (2) Joshua Cratterbrook Alias Crawford Benjamin Crawford John Crawford (4) Richard Crawford Samuel Crawford William Crawford Basil Crawley Cornelius Crawley Isaac Crayton (2) James Crayton Amos Creasey Richard Creech Thomas Creepman William Cresean William Cresley Henry Cressouson Michael Crider John Crim Others Cringea William Crispin (2) George Cristin Benjamin Crocker James Crocker John Crocker Joshua Crocker (2) John Croix Oliver Cromell Oliver Cromwell (4) Richmond Cromwell Robert Cromwell Hugh Crookt John Croppen Bunsby Crorker Peter Crosbury Daniel Crosby (3) William Crosley Joseph Cross Thomas Crough Christian Crowdy Matthew Crow Bissell Crowell Seth Crowell William Crowell George Crown Michael Crowyar William Crozier Janeise Cubalod Benjamin Cuffey Philip Cuish Thomas Culbarth Daniel Culbert William Cullen (2) David Cullett Willis Culpper Levi Culver Samuel Culvin Josea Comnano Cornelius c.u.mstock Isaac Cuningham James Cunican Barnabas Cunningham Cornelius Cunningham John Cunningham Jacob Currel Anthony Curry Augustine Curry Robert Curry Daniel Curtis Frederick Curtis Joseph Curtis Henry Curtis Joseph Cushing Robert Cushing Eimnan Cushing

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