[34] Sec. 38. That no alien immigrant over sixteen years of age physically capable of reading shall be admitted to the United States until he has proved to the satisfaction of the proper inspection officers that he can read English or some other tongue ... provided that an admissible alien over sixteen, or a person now or hereafter in the United States of like age, may bring in or send for his wife, mother, affianced wife, or father over fifty-five, if they are otherwise admissible, whether able to read or write or not.

[35] Sec. 39. That every male alien immigrant over sixteen shall be deemed likely to become a public charge unless he shows to the proper immigration officials that he has in his possession at the time of inspection money to the equivalent of $25, or that the head of his family entering with him so holds that amount to his account. Every female alien must have $15.

[36] The Bill, as amended, left the head tax at $2, and the reading test was omitted. Great opposition to the Bill came from the foreign element, especially the Jews.

[37] Dr. Goodchild.

[38] Broughton Brandenburg, _Imported Americans_, 302.

[39] _Outlook_ for May 5, 1906.

[40] J. D. Whelpley, _The Problem of the Immigrant_, 13.

[41] _Annual Report for_ 1903, p. 60.

[42] _Annual Report for_ 1905, p. 58.

[43] Idem, opposite p. 34.

[44] This bureau shall collect and furnish to all incoming aliens, data as to the resources, products, and manufactures of each state, territory and district of the United States; the prices of land and character of soils; routes of travel and fares; opportunities of employment in the skilled and unskilled occupations, rates of wages, cost of living, and all other information that in the judgment of the Commissioner-General might tend to enlighten the aliens as to the inducements to settlement in the various sections.

[45] Bernheimer, _The Russian Jew in the United States_, 370.

[46] Prescott F. Hall, _Immigration_, 303.

[47] Eliot Lord, in _The Italian in America_, 177 ff.

[48] "The Problem of Immigration," Presbyterian Board of Publication.

[49] For a condensed characterization of the north of Europe immigrants read the chapter on Racial Conditions in _Immigration_ (chap. III.) The leading traits of the various immigrant peoples are set forth with fairness and discrimination, although probably none of those described would see themselves exactly as Mr. Hall sees them.

[50] _The Italian in America._

[51] John Foster Carr in _Outlook_.

[52] See page 146.

[53] Dr. S. H. Lee in _Baptist Home Mission Monthly_, for May, 1905.

[54] Location of various public inst.i.tutions of New York City.

[55] Industrial Commission Report to Congress, Dec. 5, 1901.

[56] _The Italian in America_, 215, 216.

[57] G. Tuoti, in _The Italian in America_, 78.

[58] A remarkable showing of what the Italians have accomplished through these farming colonies in various parts of the country is given in the chapter "On Farm and Plantation", in _The Italian in America_.

[59] Rev. E. P. Farnham, D.D., in New York _Examiner_, June 22, 1906.

[60] _University Settlement Studies_, December, 1905.

[61] While the Magyars (or Hungarians) are not Slavs, they have lived in close contact with them, and for convenience may be cla.s.sed in the Slavic division; and the same thing is true of the Roumanian and Russian Jews. All these peoples come from Russia, Austria-Hungary, or the Balkan States, and represent similar customs and ideas, although they differ materially in character, as we shall see.

[62] Samuel McLanahan, _Our People of Foreign Speech_, 34 ff.

[63] F. J. Warne, _The Slav Invasion_, chap. VI.

[64] Miss Kate H. Claghorn, in _Charities_, for December, 1904.

[65] _Charities_, for December, 1904.

[66] Samuel McLanahan, _Our People of Foreign Speech_, 45.

[67] Louis H. Pick, in _Charities_, for December, 1904.

[68] Miss Emily Balch, "The Slavs at Home," in _Charities and Commons_.

[69] Lee Frankel, in _The Russian Jew in the United States_, 63.

[70] Julius H. Greenstone, in _The Russian Jew in the United States_, 158.

[71] Commissioner-General's Report for 1905, p. 58.

[72] _The Leaven of a Great City_, and _The Story of an East Side Family_.

[73] _University Settlement Studies_, January, 1906.

[74] Hamilton Holt, _Undistinguished Americans_, 43 ff.

[75] Jacob Riis, _How the Other Half Lives_, chap. XVIII.

[76] Robert Hunter, _Poverty_, chap. I. This is a book that every American should read. The author is indebted to it for much of the material in this chapter.

[77] Robert Hunter, _Poverty_, 196.

[78] Idem, chap. V.

[79] Richmond Mayo-Smith, _Emigration and Immigration_, 5 ff.

[80] Walter E. Heyl, in _University Settlement Studies_.

[81] F. J. Warne, _The Slav Invasion_, 103.

[82] Rena M. Atchison, _Un-American Immigration_, 82.

[83] Richmond Mayo-Smith, _Emigration and Immigration_, 84 ff.