[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 116.]

When the syncopation is a suspension or r.e.t.a.r.dation, it is treated the same as in harmony.

The r.e.t.a.r.dation should always be prepared by the leading-tone.

When the syncopated note belongs to the harmony of the measure, it may be left by a skip or stepwise progression. [Fig. 117.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 117.]

The third may be omitted on the strong beat in this species, provided the part having fourth species skips to the missing third, as at Fig. 117_a_.

Consecutive fifths, but not octaves, are saved by the suspension. Whenever they occur, do not use the note of resolution as preparation of a suspension, or tie it into the next measure (_a_), since it is really the pa.s.sing seventh, and that does not lend itself well to either of the above, except in sequence as at _b_. [Fig. 118.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 118.]

The seventh or ninth of a chord, except the major seventh, may be used as preparation of a suspension when approached by a skip in an upward direction, as in Fig. 119.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 119.]

This species may also be written in triple rhythm. [Fig. 120.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 120.]

The cadences in Fig. 121 are good, as well as those of the second species.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 121.]

EXERCISES

To cantus firmus _a_ write fourth species in one part. Write three settings, as usual.

To cantus firmus _b_ write fourth species in one part in triple rhythm.

Write three settings, as above.

To cantus firmus _b_ write second species in one part and third in the other. [Fig. 122.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 122.]

CANTI FIRMI

[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 123.]

LESSON XVIII

FOURTH SPECIES (Continued)

EXERCISES

Write two eight-measure phrases, using the fourth species mixed in all parts. [Fig. 124_a_.]

To cantus firmus _a_ write second species in one part and fourth in the other. [Fig. 124_b_.]

To cantus firmus _b_ write third species in one part and fourth in the other. [Fig. 124_c_.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 124.]

CANTI FIRMI

[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 125.]

LESSON XIX

FIFTH SPECIES

[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 126.]

No suggestions other than have already been given for two- and three-part counterpoint are necessary for this species.

EXERCISES

To canti firmi _a_ and _b_ write fifth species in one part. Write each three times, as usual.

CANTI FIRMI

[Ill.u.s.tration: Fig. 127.]

LESSON XX

FIFTH SPECIES (Continued)

EXERCISES