1865. _Alice's Adventures in Wonderland_, by Lewis Carroll (Charles Dodgson), with 42 ill.u.s.trations by John Tenniel, published by Macmillan Company, Oxford. First edition recalled. Later editions were published by Richard Clay, London.

1869. _At the Back of the North Wind_; _The Princess and the Goblin_, 1871. By George MacDonald. Arthur Hughes. Strahan.

Reprinted by Blackie.

1870. _The Brownies_; 1882, _Old-fashioned Fairy Tales_. By Juliana Ewing.

1873. _A Series of Toy-Books for Children_, by Walter Crane (1845-1914). Published by Routledge and printed in colors by Edmund Evans. Twenty-seven of these stories in nine volumes are published by John Lane, Bodley Head. _Princess Fioromonde_, 1880, _Grimm's Household Stories_, 1882, and _The Cuckoo Clock_, 1887, all by Mrs. Molesworth, were also ill.u.s.trated by Crane.

1878-. _Picture-Books_, by Randolph Caldecott (1846-1886).

These were sixteen in number. They are published by F.

Warne.

1875-. _Stories from the Eddas; Dame Wiggins of Lee (Allen)_; and _The Pied Piper of Hamelin_. These delightful books by Kate Greenaway (1846-1901) were published by Routledge and engraved by Edmund Evans. They are now published by F. Warne.

This brings the English side of the subject down to the present time. Present editions of fairy tales are given in Chapter VI.

In Germany there were also many translations from the French of Perrault and D'Aulnoy. There were editions in 1764, 1770, etc. Most of those before the _Grimms' Tales_ were not important. One might mention:--

1782. _Popular German Stories_, by Musaus.

1818. _Fables, Stories, and Tales for Children_, by Caroline Stahl.

1819. _Bohemian Folk-Tales_, by Wolfgang Gerle.

1812-1814. _Kinder und Haus-Marchen_, by Jacob and William Grimm. The second edition was published in 3 volumes in Berlin, by Reiner, in 1822. This latter work formed an era in popular literature and has been adopted as a model by all true collectors since.

Concerning the modern German fairy tale, the Germans have paid such special attention to the selection and grading of children's literature that their library lists are to be recommended. Wolgast, the author of _Vom Kinderbuch_, is an authority on the child's book.

The fairy tale received a high estimate in Germany and no nation has attained a higher achievement in the art of the fairy tale book. The partial list simply indicates the slight knowledge of available material and would suggest an inviting field to librarians. A great stimulus to children's literature would be given by a knowledge of what the Germans have already accomplished in this particular. In Germany a child's book, before it enters the market, must first be accepted by a committee who test the book according to a standard of excellence. Any book not coming up to the standard is rejected. A few of the German editions in use are given:--

_Bilderbucher_, by Lowensohn.

_Bilderbucher_, by Scholz.

_Liebe Marchen_. One form of the above, giving three tales in one volume.

_Marchen_, by W. Hauff, published by Lowe. One edition, ill.u.s.trated by Arthur Rackham, is published by Dutton. _The Caravan Tales_ is an edition published by Stokes.

_Marchen_, by Musaus, published by Von K.A. Muller.

1777-1843. _Undine_, by La Motte Fouque. A recent edition, ill.u.s.trated by Rackham, is published by Doubleday.

1817-77. _Books_ by Otillie Wildermuth. (What of hers should be translated and included?)

_Hanschen im Blaubeerenwald; Hanschens Skifart Marchen_, both by Elsa Beskow, published by Carl.

_Windchen_; and _Wurzelkindern_, both by Sybille von Olfers, published by Schreiber.

_Das Marchen von den Sandmannlein_, by Riemann, published by Schreiber.

_Der Froschkonig_, by Liebermann, published by Scholz.

_Weisst du weviel Sternlein stehen_, by Lewinski, published by Schreiber.

In Sweden there appeared translations of Perrault and D'Aulnoy. _The Blue-Bird_ was oftenest printed as a chap-book. Folk-tales were collected in:--

_Swedish Tales_, a collection. H. Von Schroter.

1844. _Folk-Tales_. George Stevens and Hylten Cavallius.

Sweden has given us the modern fairy tale, _The Wonderful Adventures of Nils_ (2 volumes). This delightful tale by Selma Lagerlof, born 1858, and a winner of the n.o.bel prize, has established itself as a child's cla.s.sic. It has been translated by V.S. Howard, published by Doubleday, 1907.

In Norway we have:--

1851. _Norske Folkeeventyr_, collected by Asbjornsen and Moe.

1862. _Norse Tales_. The above tales translated by Sir George W. Dasent.

In Denmark we have:--

_Sagas of Bodvar Biarke_.

_Danske Folkeeventyr_, by M. Winther, Copenhagen, 1823.

1843-60. _Danmarks Folkesagn_, 3 vols., by J.M. Thiele.

1805-1875. _Fairy Tales_, by Hans Christian Andersen. These tales are important as marking the beginning of the modern fairy tale. They are important also as literary fairy tales and have not been equaled in modern times.

In Slavonia we have:--

_Wochentliche Nachrichten_, by Busching, published by Schottky.

In Hungary we have:--

1822. _Marchen der Magyaren_, by George von Gaal.

In Greece and Russia no popular tales were collected before the time of the Grimms.

In Italy the two great collections of the world of fairy tales have been mentioned. Italy has also given the modern fairy tale which has been accepted as a cla.s.sic: _Pinocchio_, by C. Collodi (Carlo Lorenzini). This has been ill.u.s.trated by Copeland, published by Ginn; and ill.u.s.trated by Folkhard, published by Dutton.

In America the publication of fairy tales was at first a reprinting of English editions. In colonial times, previous to the revolution, booksellers imported largely from England. After the revolution a new home-growth in literature gradually developed. At first this was largely in imitation of literature in England. After the time of Washington Irving a distinct American adult literature established itself. The little child's toy-book followed in the wake of the grown-up's fiction. The following list[7] shows the growth of the American fairy tale, previous to 1870. Recent editions are given in Chapter VI.

1747-1840. _Forgotten Books of the American Nursery, A History of the Development of the American Story-Book_.

Halsey, Rosalie V. Boston, C.E. Goodspeed & Co., 1911. 244 pp.

1785-1788. _Isaiah Thomas, Printer, Writer, and Collector.

Nichols, Charles L_. A paper read April 12, 1911, before the Club of Odd Volumes.... Boston. Printed for the Club of Odd Volumes, 1912. 144 pp. List of juveniles 1787-88: pp.

132-33.

1785. _Mother Goose_. The original Mother Goose's melody, as first issued by John Newbery, of London, about A.D. 1760.