Philip Smith, M.D. New York City.

Rev. George H. Smyth Scarsdale, N.Y.

D. Austin Sniffen, D.D. White Plains, N.Y.

John D. Southworth, M.D. New York City.

Edith E. Spaulding, M.D. New York City.

M. Allen Starr, M.D. New York City.

Samuel A. Steele White Plains, N.Y.

William Steinach, M.D. New York City.

George S. Stevenson, M.D. New York City.

Adolf Stern, M.D. New York City.

Emil Strateman White Plains, N.Y.

Israel Strauss, M.D. New York City.

Frank K. Sturgis New York City.

Miss Mary Ruth Swann, R.N. Washington, D.C.

C.C. Sweet, M.D. Ossining, N.Y.

Sarah Swift White Plains, N.Y.

William B. Terhune, M.D. New Haven, Conn.

William J. Tiffany, M.D. New York City.

Walter Clark Tilden, M.D. Hartsdale, N.Y.

Frederick Tilney, M.D. New York City.

Walter Timme, M.D. New York City.

Howard Townsend New York City.

E. Clark Tracy, M.D. White Plains, N.Y.

Walter L. Treadway, M.D. Washington, D.C.

Miss Gertrude Trefrey, R.N. White Plains, N.Y.

Miss Mary G. Urquhart White Plains, N.Y.

J.L. Van deMark, M.D. Albany, N.Y.

T.J. Vosburgh, M.D. White Plains, N.Y.

Henry J. Vier, M.D. White Plains, N.Y.

Emory M. Wadsworth, M.D. Brooklyn, N.Y.

Miss Lillian D. Wald, R.N. New York City.

Professor Howard C. Warren Princeton, N.J.

Mrs. Caroline E. Washburn White Plains, N.Y.

Miss Martha Washburn White Plains, N.Y.

G.F. Washburne, M.D. Hastings-on-Hudson, N.Y.

Chester Waterman, M.D. New York City.

James J. Waygood, M.D. White Plains, N.Y.

Mrs. James J. Waygood White Plains, N.Y.

R.G. Wearne, M.D. New York City.

Edward W. Weber, M.D. White Plains, N.Y.

Israel S. Wechsler, M.D. New York City.

Miss Kathryn I. Wellman. White Plains, N.Y.

Mrs. Adelyn Wesley New York City.

Lt. Col. Arthur W. Whaley, M.D. New York City.

Mrs. Arthur W. Whaley New York City.

Miss Margaret Wheeler Short Hills, N.J.

Payne Whitney New York City.

Frankwood E. Williams, M.D. New York City.

Rodney R. Williams, M.D. Poughkeepsie, N.Y.

O.J. Wilsey, M.D. Amityville, N.Y.

John E. Wilson, M.D. New York City.

Miss A. Wilson New York City.

J.M. Winfield, M.D. Brooklyn, N.Y.

G. Howard Wise New York City.

Miss Frances E. Wood White Plains, N.Y.

Robert C. Woodman, M.D. Middletown, N.Y.

Robert S. Woodworth, Ph.D. New York City.

Rev. John C. York Brooklyn, N.Y.

Edwin G. Zabriskie, M.D. New York City.

Charles C. Zacharie, M.D. White Plains, N.Y.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 19: If any names are omitted it is because these names and addresses were not obtained.]

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

COMMUNICATIONS FROM DR. BEDFORD PIERCE, MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT OF THE RETREAT, YORK, ENGLAND

May 5th, 1921.

DEAR DR. RUSSELL:

I have read with much pleasure your pamphlet giving the history of Bloomingdale Hospital. The reproduction in facsimile of Thomas Eddy's communication[20] is especially interesting and it will be placed with the records of the early days of the Retreat.

We have looked through the Minutes, which are complete from the opening of the Retreat in 1796, and also examined a large number of original letters of William and Samuel Tuke respecting the Inst.i.tution, but have not succeeded in tracing the letter from S. Tuke to William Eddy, to which you refer. As you are probably aware, S. Tuke was the grandson of William Tuke, the founder, and when he published the History of the Retreat in 1812 he was but twenty-eight years of age. This book had a far-reaching influence on the treatment of the insane, and it is remarkable that a man untrained in medicine and without university education should have been able to write it. The book is now very rare, but as we have three duplicate copies, I am authorized by the Directors of the Retreat to present your Hospital with one of them. I have already sent you a copy of an address of my own dealing with Psychiatry in England at about the time your Hospital was inst.i.tuted.

The use of the term "moral treatment" as opposed to treatment of physical disease has in recent years become especially interesting. It is clear that Tuke and Pinel foresaw that psychotherapeutic treatment is necessary, and their efforts were directed towards providing effective "sublimation" of misdirected psychical energy.

One is pleased to see in your report the extent to which organized occupations are developed at Bloomingdale--a pleasure not unmixed with envy at seeing the picture of the men's occupational pavilion, and the prospective erection of a similar building for women.

In the early days of the Retreat large numbers of visitors came from all parts of the world. There is a gap in the Visitors' Book between 1800-1815, and the list of visitors is not complete.

We have copied out the names of the American Visitors, together with an entry by John W. Francis, M.D., in 1815. It is interesting to note that an American woman Friend, Hannah Field, was accompanied to the Retreat by Elizabeth Fry. In 1818 a party of North American Indians visited the Retreat and signed the Visitors' Book with pictorial representations of their names. These we have had photographed and I send the prints herewith.