1. P. parviflra, DC. _Petals sessile_, little longer than the calyx (3" long); _sterile filaments about 7 in each set, slender; leaves ovate or oblong_, tapering at base.--Sandy banks, Lab. to Mich., N. Minn., and westward.

2. P. pal.u.s.tris, L. Scapes 3--10' high; leaves heart-shaped; flower nearly 1' broad; _petals sessile_, rather longer than the calyx, few-veined; _sterile filaments 9--15 in each set, slender_.--Same range as the last. (Eu.)

3. P. Caroliniana, Michx. Scapes 9'--2 high; flower 1--1' broad; _petals sessile_, more than twice as long as the calyx, many-veined; _sterile filaments 3 in each set, stout, distinct almost to the base_; leaves thickish, ovate or rounded, often heart shaped, usually but one low down on the scape and clasping.--Wet banks, N. Brunswick to Fla., west to Minn., Iowa, and La.

4. P. asariflia, Vent. _Petals abruptly contracted into a claw_ at base; _sterile filaments 3 in each set; leaves rounded, kidney-shaped_; otherwise as in the foregoing.--High mountains of Va. and N. C.

10. HYDRaNGEA, Gronov.

Calyx-tube hemispherical, 8--10 ribbed, coherent with the ovary, the limb 4--5-toothed. Petals ovate, valvate in the bud. Stamens 8--10, slender. Capsule 15-ribbed, crowned with the 2 diverging styles, 2-celled below, many-seeded, opening by a hole between the styles.--Shrubs, with opposite petioled leaves, no stipules, and numerous flowers in compound cymes. The marginal flowers are usually sterile and radiant, consisting merely of a showy membranaceous and colored flat and dilated calyx. (Name from ?d??, _water_, and ?????, _a vase_, from the shape of the capsule.)

1. H. arborescens, L. (WILD HYDRANGEA.) Glabrous or nearly so, 1--8 high; leaves ovate, rarely heart-shaped, pointed, serrate, _green both sides_; cymes flat; flowers often all fertile, rarely all radiant.--Rocky banks, Penn. to Fla., west to Iowa and Mo.

2. H. radiata, Walt. Leaves _densely tomentose and paler or white beneath_.--S. C. and Ga. to Tenn. and Mo.

11. DEc.u.maRIA, L.

Flowers all fertile. Calyx-tube turbinate, 7--10-toothed, coherent with the ovary. Petals oblong, valvate in the bud. Stamens 20--30. Styles united into one, persistent. Stigma thick, 7--10-rayed. Capsule 10--15-ribbed, 7--10-celled, many-seeded, bursting at the sides, the thin part.i.tions at length separating into numerous chaffy scales.--A smooth climbing shrub, with opposite ovate or oblong entire or serrate leaves, no stipules, and numerous fragrant white flowers in compound terminal cymes. (Name said to be derived from _decem_, ten, referring to the fact of its being often 10-merous.)

1. D. barbara, L. Leaves shining, sometimes p.u.b.escent; capsule with the persistent style and stigma urn-shaped, pendulous.--Banks of streams; Dismal Swamp, Va., to Fla. and La.

12. PHILADeLPHUS, L. MOCK ORANGE or SYRINGA.

Calyx-tube top-shaped, coherent with the ovary; the limb 4--5-parted, spreading, persistent, valvate in the bud. Petals rounded or obovate, large, convolute in the bud. Stamens 20--40. Styles 3--5, united below or nearly to the top. Stigmas oblong or linear. Capsule 3--5-celled, splitting at length into as many pieces. Seeds very numerous, on thick placentae projecting from the axis, pendulous, with a loose membranaceous coat prolonged at both ends.--Shrubs, with opposite often toothed leaves, no stipules, and solitary or cymose-cl.u.s.tered showy white flowers. (An ancient name, applied by Linnaeus to this genus for no obvious reason.)

1. P. inodrus, L. _Glabrous_; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, pointed, entire or with some spreading teeth; flowers single or few at the ends of the diverging branches, pure white, scentless; _calyx-lobes acute_, scarcely longer than the tube.--Mountains of Va. to Ga. and Ala.

2. P. grandiflrus, Willd. A tall shrub, with long and recurved branches; like the last, but _somewhat p.u.b.escent_, with _larger flowers_, and the _calyx-lobes long and taper-pointed_. (P. modorus, var. grandiflorus, _Gray_.)--Along streams, Va. to Fla. Often cultivated.

P. CORONaRIUS, L., the common MOCK ORANGE or SYRINGA of cultivation, from S. Eu., with cream-colored odorous flowers, has sometimes escaped.

13. iTEA, Gronov.

Calyx 5-cleft, free from the ovary or nearly so. Petals 5, lanceolate, much longer than the calyx, and longer than the 5 stamens. Capsule oblong, 2-grooved, 2-celled, tipped with the 2 united styles, 2-parted (septicidal) when mature, several-seeded.--Shrubs, with simple, alternate, petioled leaves, without stipules, and small white flowers in simple racemes. (Greek name of the Willow.)

1. I. Virginica, L. Leaves deciduous, oblong, pointed, minutely serrate; seeds oval, flattish, with a crustaceous coat.--Wet places, Penn. and N. J. to Fla., west to Mo. and La.

14. RBES, L. CURRANT. GOOSEBERRY.

Calyx 5-lobed, often colored; the tube coherent with the ovary. Petals 5, inserted in the throat of the calyx, small. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentae and 2 distinct or united styles. Berry crowned with the shrivelled remains of the calyx, the surface of the numerous seeds swelling into a gelatinous outer coat investing a crustaceous one. Embryo minute at the base of hard alb.u.men.--Low, sometimes p.r.i.c.kly shrubs, with alternate and palmately-lobed leaves, which are plaited in the bud (except in one species), often fascicled on the branches; the small flowers from the same cl.u.s.ters, or from separate lateral buds. (From _riebs_, a German popular name for the currant. Grossularia was the proper name to have been adopted for the genus.)

-- 1. GROSSULaRIA. (GOOSEBERRY.) _Stems mostly bearing thorns at the base of the leafstalks or cl.u.s.ters of leaves, and often with scattered bristly p.r.i.c.kles; berries p.r.i.c.kly or smooth. (Our species are indiscriminately called_ WILD GOOSEBERRY; _the flowers greenish.)_

[*] _Peduncles 1--3-flowered; calyx as high as broad; leaves roundish-heart-shaped, 3--5-lobed._

[+] _Calyx-lobes decidedly shorter than the tube; berries apt to be p.r.i.c.kly._

1. R. Cynosbati, L. Stamens and undivided style not longer than the broadly bell-shaped calyx; berries large, armed with long p.r.i.c.kles or rarely smooth.--Rocky woods, N. Brunswick to the mountains of N. C., and west to Minn. and Mo.

[+][+] _Calyx-lobes decidedly longer than the short and rather narrow tube; berries smooth, purple, sweet and pleasant._

2. R. gracile, Michx. (MISSOURI GOOSEBERRY.) Spines often long, stout and red; _peduncles long and slender; flowers white_ or whitish; filaments capillary, 4--6" _long_, generally connivent or closely parallel, soon _conspicuously longer than the oblong-linear calyx-lobes_. (R. rotundifolium, _Man._, in part.)--Mich. to Tenn., west to Tex., Minn., and the Rocky Mts.

3. R. rotundiflium, Michx. Spines short; _peduncles short; flowers greenish_ or the lobes dull purplish; filaments slender, 2--3" _long, more or less exceeding the narrowly oblong-spatulate calyx-lobes_.--W. Ma.s.s, and N. Y., south in the Alleghanies to N. C.

4. R. oxyacanthodes, L. _Peduncles very short, flowers greenish or dull purplish; stamens usually scarcely equalling the rather broadly oblong calyx-lobes_. (R. hirtellum, _Michx._)--Newf. to N. J., west to Ind., Minn., and westward. The common smooth-fruited gooseberry of the north, the whitish spines often numerous.

[*][*] _Flowers several in a nodding raceme, small and flattish, greenish._

5. R. lacustre, Poir. Young stems clothed with bristly p.r.i.c.kles and with weak thorns; leaves heart-shaped, 3--5-parted, with the lobes deeply cut; calyx broad and flat; stamens and style not longer than the petals; fruit bristly (small, unpleasant).--Cold woods and swamps, Newf. to N. Eng., west to N. Y., Mich., and Minn.

-- 2. RIBeSIA. (CURRANT.) _Thornless and p.r.i.c.kless; racemes few--many-flowered, stamens short._

6. R. prostratum, L'Her. (FETID CURRANT.) Stems reclined; leaves deeply heart-shaped, 5--7-lobed, smooth, the lobes ovate, acute, doubly serrate; _racemes erect_, slender, calyx flattish; _pedicels and the (pale red) fruit glandular-bristly_.--Cold damp woods and rocks, Lab. to mountains of N. C., west to Mich., Minn., and the Rocky Mts.

7. R. floridum, L'Her. (WILD BLACK CURRANT.) _Leaves sprinkled with resinous dots_, slightly heart-shaped, sharply 3--5-lobed, doubly serrate; _racemes drooping, downy; bracts longer than the pedicels_; flowers large, whitish; calyx tubular-bell-shaped, smooth; _fruit round-ovoid, black, smooth_.--Woods, N. Eng. to Va., west to Ky., Iowa, and Minn.

8. R. rubrum, L., var. subglandulsum, Maxim. (RED CURRANT.) Stems straggling or reclined; leaves somewhat heart-shaped, obtusely 3--5-lobed, serrate, downy beneath when young; _racemes from lateral buds distinct from the leaf-buds, drooping_, calyx flat (green or purplish); _fruit globose, smooth, red_.--Cold bogs and damp woods, N. Eng. to N. J., west to Ind. and Minn.

-- 3. SIPHoCALYX. _Thornless and p.r.i.c.kless; leaves convolute in the bud; racemes several-flowered; calyx-tube elongated; berry naked and glabrous._

9. R. aureum, Pursh. (MISSOURI or BUFFALO CURRANT.) Shrub 5--12 high; leaves 3--5-lobed, rarely at all cordate; racemes short; flowers golden-yellow, spicy-fragrant; tube of salverform calyx (6" long or less) 3 or 4 times longer than the oval lobes; stamens short; berries yellow or black.--Banks of streams, Mo. and Ark. to the Rocky Mts., and westward. Common in cultivation.

ORDER 36. CRa.s.sULaCEae. (ORPINE FAMILY.)

_Succulent herbs, with perfectly symmetrical flowers; viz., the petals and pistils equalling the sepals in number (3--20), and the stamens the same or double their number_,--technically different from Saxifrageae only in this complete symmetry, and in the carpels (in most of the genera) being quite distinct from each other. Also, instead of a perigynous disk, there are usually little scales on the receptacle, one behind each carpel. Fruit dry and dehiscent; the pods (follicles) opening down the ventral suture, many-rarely few-seeded.--Stipules none.

Flowers usually cymose, small. Leaves mostly sessile, in Penthorum not at all fleshy.

[*] Not succulent; the carpels united, forming a 5-celled capsule.

1. Penthorum. Sepals 5. Petals none. Stamens 10. Pod 5-beaked, many-seeded.

[*][*] Leaves, etc., thick and succulent. Carpels distinct.

2. Tillaea. Sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils 3 or 4. Seeds few or many.

3. Sedum. Sepals, petals, and pistils 4 or 5. Stamens 8--10. Seeds many.

1. PeNTHORUM, Gronov. DITCH STONE-CROP.

Sepals 5. Petals rare, if any. Stamens 10. Pistils 5, united below, forming a 5-angled, 5-horned, and 5-celled capsule, which opens by the falling off of the beaks, many-seeded.--Upright weed-like perennials (not fleshy like the rest of the family), with scattered leaves, and yellowish-green flowers loosely spiked along the upper side of the naked branches of the cyme. (Name from p??te, _five_, and ????, _a mark_, from the quinary order of the flower.)