Anthers extrorse, opening lengthwise. IRIDACEae, 513

Stamens 6; flowers usually on a scape from a bulb.

AMARYLLIDACEae, 515

[2.] _Perianth adherent only to the base or lower half of the ovary._

Perianth woolly or roughish-mealy; leaves often equitant.

HaeMODORACEae, 512

Perianth smooth; the leaves gra.s.s-like.

Stenanthium, etc., in LILIACEae, 517

[3.] _Perianth wholly free from the ovary._

Pistils numerous or few in a head or ring. ALISMACEae, 553

Pistil one, compound (cells or placentae mostly 3).

Perianth not glumaceous or chaffy; flowers not in dense heads.

Stamens 6 (in Maianthemum 4), similar and perfect.

Scurfy-leaved epiphyte; seeds hairy-tufted. BROMELIACEae, 511

Marsh herbs; carpels nearly distinct or separating closed from the axis; seed without alb.u.men. Juncagineae, in NAIADACEae, 557

Terrestrial, not rush-like; seeds with alb.u.men.

Perianth of similar divisions or lobes, mostly colored.

LILIACEae, 517

Perianth of 3 foliaceous and green sepals and 3 colored withering-persistent petals. Trillium in LILIACEae, 517

Perianth of 3 persistent green sepals, and 3 ephemeral deliquescent petals. COMMELINACEae, 538

Stamens 6, dissimilar, or only three with perfect anthers.

Sepals 3, herbaceous; ephemeral petals 3, unequal.

COMMELINACEae, 538

Perianth tubular, 6-lobed. PONTEDERIACEae, 535

Stamens 3, similar. Moss-like aquatic. MAYACEae, 537

Perianth wholly glumaceous, of 6 similar divisions. JUNCACEae, 539

Perianth partly glumaceous or chaff-like; flowers in very dense heads. Rush-like or aquatic.

Flowers perfect; inner perianth of three yellow petals; perfect stamens and plumose sterile filaments each 3; pod 1-celled, many-seeded on 3 parietal placentae. XYRIDACEae, 536

Flowers moncious or dicious, whitish-bearded; stamens 4 or 3; pod 2--3-celled, 2--3-seeded. ERIOCAULEae, 566

[C.] GLUMACEOUS DIVISION. _Flowers dest.i.tute of proper perianth, except sometimes small scales or bristles, but covered by scale-like bracts or glumes._

Glume a single scale-like bract with a flower in its axil.

CYPERACEae, 567

Glumes in pairs, of two sorts. GRAMINEae, 623

CLa.s.s III. CRYPTOGAMOUS ACROGENS. (See p. 17.)

SUBCLa.s.s I. PTERIDOPHYTES: with woody fibres and vessels.

Spores of only one kind; spore-cases

Borne beneath shield-shaped scales in a terminal spike; stems naked, sheathed at the nodes. EQUISETACEae, 675

On the back or margin of fronds circinate in vernation.

FILICES, 678

Bivalvular, in special spikes or panicles; fronds erect in vernation, from short erect rootstocks. OPHIOGLOSSACEae, 693

Solitary in the axils of leaves, 2--3-valved; low long-stemmed moss-like evergreens; leaves small, in 4--16 ranks.

LYCOPODIACEae, 695

Spores of two kinds, large and small; spore-cases

Solitary in the axils of small 4-ranked leaves, or in the bases of linear radical leaves. SELAGINELLACEae, 697

Enclosed in peduncled sporocarps; leaves 4-foliolate.

MARSILIACEae, 700

Sporocarps sessile beneath the stem; small, floating, pinnately branched, with minute imbricate leaves. SALVINIACEae, 701

SUBCLa.s.s II. BRYOPHYTES: with cellular tissue only. [Capsules not operculate, containing spores and usually elaters, in the following Orders.]

Capsule 4-valved, pedicellate; plants leafy-stemmed, rarely thallose.

JUNGERMANNIACEae, 702

Capsule 2-valved or valveless; plants thallose.

Thallus without epidermis; capsule with a columella, short-pedicelled or sessile on the thallus. ANTHOCEROTACEae, 726

Capsules borne beneath a pedunculate receptacle. MARCHANTIACEae, 727

Capsules immersed in the thallus or sessile upon it, indehiscent.

RICCIACEae, 730