[147] So Hammer himself thought at the time. See Rob. Boxberger, Ruckert-Studien, Gotha, 1878, p. 224. Such also was the opinion of the scholarly von Schack, Strophen des Omar Chijam, Stuttg. 1878, Nachwort, p. 117, note. A copy of the original _divan_ of Rumi has not been accessible to me.

[148] Cf. for instance No. 8, in ii. with Red. p. 175, and No. 24 in ii.

p. 235, with Red. p. 188.

[149] Vol. v. ii. 25, p. 236.

[150] Cf. H_afi?, Saqi Namah, couplets 77, 78 for the three names mentioned above. The figure is most familiar to the English reader from Fitzgerald's version, Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Boston, 1899, p. 211, x.x.xvii. See also ?Umar Xayyam ed. Whinfield, London, 1883, No. 466.

[151] They were published in Deutscher Musenalmanach, 1838, and do not belong properly to the collection here discussed.

[152] See essay on this by Robert Boxberger in Ruckert-Studien, pp.

210-278. Also Beyer, Neue Mittheil. vol. i. p. 213; vol. ii. pp. 201-204 for the date of many of these poems.

[153] Also a few of the Vierzeilen-Spruche, pp. 102-108, e.g. No.

30=Nitis. 31.

[154] Friedr. Ruckert, Grammatik, Poetik u. Rhetorik der Perser, ed. W.

Pertsch, Gotha, 1874, p. 187.

[155] Ibid. p. 360.

[156] Fr. Wilken, Hist. Gasnevid. Berol. 1832, p. 13, Latin p. 148.

[157] Cf. transl. of Baharistan for Kama Shastra Society, Benares, 1887, p. 180. The Persian text of these fables appeared in 1805 in the chrestomathy appended to Fr. Wilken's Inst.i.tutiones ad Fundamenta Linguae Persicae, Lipsiae, 1805, pp. 172-181.

[158] This poem was mistranslated by Hammer in his Divan des Hafis, Tub.

1812, vol. ii. p. 553. Bodenstedt has given a version in rhymed couplets: Der Sanger von Schiras, Berl. 1877, p. 129.

[159] For Ni?ami I have used a lithographed edition published at Shiraz, A.H. 1312. In Wilberforce Clarke's transl. of the Iskandar Namah, London, 1881, the couplet in question is the forty-third.

[160] Cf. for Persian text Garcin de Ta.s.sy, Mantic Uttair, Paris, 1863.

Also French transl. p. 1 seq.

[161] See Jas. W. Redhouse, The Mesnevi of Mevlana (our Lord) Jelalu-d-din, Muhammed, er-Rumi, Lond. 1881, B. i. p. 19. For Ruckert's source see Boxberger, op. cit. p. 224.

[162] See H. Ethe, Neupers. Litt. in Grdr. iran. Phil. vol. ii. p. 289.

[163] Wilh. Bacher, Nizamis Leben u. Werke, Leipz. 1871, p. 119 and n.

4.

[164] Memoires sur divers Antiquites de la Perse, et sur les Medailles des Rois de la dynastie des Sa.s.sanides, suivis de l'Histoire de cette Dynastie traduite du Persan de Mirkhond par A.I. Silv. de Sacy, Paris, 1793.

[165] Mohammedi Filii Chavendschahi vulgo Mirchondi Historia Samanidarum Pers. ed. Frid. Wilken, Goettingae, 1808.

Mohammedi Filii Chondschahi vulgo Mirchondi Historia Gasnevidarum Persice ed. Frid. Wilken, Berol. 1832.

Geschichte der Sultane aus dem Geschlechte Bujeh nach Mirchond, Wilken in Hist. philos. Abh. der kgl. Akad. d. Wissensch. zu Berlin, Berl.

1837. (This work from 1835.)

[166] Mirchonds Geschichte der Seldschuken, aus d. Pers. zum ersten Mal ubers. etc., Joh. Aug. Vullers, Giessen, 1837.

[167] A complete list of the portions of Mir?vand's work edited and published by European scholars before 1837 may be found in Zenker's Bibl. Orient., Nos. 871-881. Nos 874, 875 and 879 have not been accessible to me.

[168] A letter given by Boxberger in op. cit. p. 74 shows that Ruckert asked for the loan of this book.

[169] Histoire de Yemineddoula Mahmoud, tr. par A.I. Silv. de Sacy in Notices et Extraits des Ma.n.u.scrits de la Bibl. Nat., tom. iv.

[170] For a similar form of the story see Gobineau, Histoire des Perses, Paris, 1869, vol. ii. pp. 9, 10, where the story is given on the authority of a Parsi work, the "Tjehar-e-Tjemen" (i.e. Cahar-i-Caman, "the four lawns").

[171] For the romance about this man see Th. Noldeke, ?abari, pp.

474-478.

[172] Lithogr. ed., p. 23. See also Malcolm, op. cit. i. 196; Red. p.

107.

[173] Deguignes, Hist. Gen. des Huns, des Turcs, des Mogols, et des autres Tartares occidentaux, etc. Paris, 1756-1758, vol. ii. pp. 209, 223; Malcolm, op. cit. i. pp. 211, 218.

[174] See Elphinstone's Hist. of India, Lond., 1841, vol. ii. pp. 10-12; also Elliot, The History of India as told by its own historians, Lond.

1867-1877, vol. ii. pp. 332-335, 337, where the story is not so romantic as in Ruckert's poem.

[175] Taken from Red. p. 183, where it is given as from Rumi. See above, p. 6.

[176] Gesta Roman. ed. Herm. Oesterly. Berl. 1872, c. 167. For bibliography of this fable see W.A. Clouston, A Group of Eastern Romances, 1889, pp. 563-566, pp. 448-452.

[177] Book of the Thousand and One Nights, by John Payne, Lond. 1894, vol. v. p. 153.

[178] Ibid. p. 168.

[179] Ibid. p. 199.

[180] In Judische Parabeln, vol. 26, p. 359; see also Bacher, Nizamis Leben u. Werke, p. 117, n. 4.

[181] These episodes are outlined in Hammer, Red. p. 118; see Malcolm, op. cit. i. 55, 56.

[182] We call attention to the fact that the fourth division of this collection (pp. 392-439 in our edition) is made up of poems which really belong to the Weisheit des Brahmanen.

[183] Jackson, Die iran. Religion in Grdr. iran. Phil. ii. pp. 629, 630.

[184] Elliot, Hist. of India, vol. v. pp. 160-175; 324-328.

[185] Elphinstone, Hist. of India, vol. ii. pp. 229-301 and note, where the legend of the queen firing silver b.a.l.l.s is given on the authority of Xafi Xan. Elliot, op. cit. vi. 99-101.

[186] The History of the Late Revolution of the Empire of the Great Mogul, Lond. 1671, pp. 106-131. See also Elliot, op. cit. vol. vii. pp.

220-224, and Elphinstone, op. cit. vol. ii. p. 425 seq., where a slightly different account of the battle is given.

[187] Letter to Melchior Meyr, Dec. 25, 1836, cited by C. Beyer in Nachgela.s.sene Ged. Fr. Ruckerts. Wien, 1877, pp. 210, 211.

[188] Koch, Der Deutsche Brahmane, Breslau (Deutsche Bucherei, Serie iv.