The center of the exhibition s.p.a.ce was devoted to a paG.o.da designed to show the kinds of brick manufactured in the princ.i.p.al localities. The roof afforded an excellent place to exhibit earthenware tiling.

The General Electric Company exhibited a case of insulators, many of them of special types, from their Schenectady pottery. Insulators were also exhibited by Pa.s.s & Seymour, of Syracuse, and the Empire China Works, of Brooklyn.

PETROLEUM

The petroleum exhibit was made under the general direction of Secretary and Chief Executive Officer Charles A. Ball. An extensive series of crude and refined oils and by-products occupied a case showing on both sides. On this was installed a model of a tower and drilling machinery such as is used in sinking oil wells. The records printed on the labels furnished data which made an important addition to our previous knowledge of the New York oil fields.

In addition to those heretofore mentioned, the following gentlemen a.s.sisted as indicated in the preparation of the exhibit, and are ent.i.tled to no small credit for the valuable a.s.sistance rendered.

E. E. Engelhardt was engaged in the acquisition of the salt exhibits.

J. S. Bellamy collected the petroleum exhibit under the immediate direction of Secretary Ball.

C. F. Binns collected the exhibit of clay products under the immediate direction of the State Commission.

W. C. Richard a.s.sisted in installing the exhibit.

Frederick Braun installed the slab of Potsdam sandstone.

The following members of the staff of the State Museum also a.s.sisted: H.S. Mattimore, C.A. Trask, E.C. Kenny, D.D. Luther and Joseph Morje.

_Catalogue of Exhibitors in the Department of Mines and Metallurgy, with the Award, if Any, Received by Each_

GROUP ONE HUNDRED SIXTEEN _Minerals and Stones_ Adirondack Pyrites Co., Gouverneur Pyrites: crude and concentrates Alfred Clay Co., Alfred Station Brick Tile Algonquin Red Slate Co., Truthville Mineral paint Alps Oil Co., Alma Crude oil Applebee & Baldwin, Scio Crude oil Arnold Mining Co. Bronze medal Iron ores Attica Brick and Tile Co., Attica Brick Atwood & McEwen, Andover Crude oil J.J. Barron, Three Mile Bay Limestone (Trenton) H.H. Barton Son & Co., North Creek and Minerva Garnet and garnet paper Herman Behr & Co., North River. Silver medal Garnet and garnet paper Milo M. Belding, Gouverneur Marble Bellamy & Elliott, Scio Crude oil Frank Bennett, Staten Island Diabase J. B. Berridge, Hudson Limestone (Helderberg) H. Boice & Co., Rondout Bluestone A. F. Bouton, Roxbury Red sandstone (Catskill) Burhans & Brainard, Saugerties Bluestone Eugene Campbell, New Baltimore Limestone (Helderberg) Canton Marble Quarry, Canton Marble B. & J. Carpenter, Lockport Limestone (Niagara) Celadon Roofing Co., Alfred Tile roofs Church & Bradley, Alma Crude oil Church & Co., Wellsville Crude oil Clark, Tracey & Co., West Union Crude oil Conner Paint Mfg. Co Mineral paint Consolidated Wheatland Plaster Co., Wheatland Gypsum Land plaster Corning Brick, Tile & Terra Cotta Co., Corning Brick Delaware Milling, Mining & Mfg. Co., Roxbury Mineral paint Albert Dibble, Belvidere Bluestone Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Ticonderoga Graphite Duford & Son, Chaumont Limestone (Trenton) Ellenville Zinc Co., Ellenville Lead and zinc: zinc blende, chalcopyrite, galena, lead, zinc and copper concentrates Empire China Works, Brooklyn Insulators Empire Gas and Fuel Co., Ltd., Willink Crude oil Empire Marble Co., Gouverneur Marble Empire Salt Co. Silver medal Salt Extra Dark Marble Co., Gouverneur Marble Foery & Kastner, Rochester Limestone D. R. & H. Fogelsinger, Buffalo Limestone (Onondaga) Franchot Bros., Scio Crude oil R. Forsyth, Grindstone Island Granite General Electric Co., Schenectady. Gold medal Insulators Genesee Salt Co., Pifford Salt Glens Falls Co., Glens Falls Limestone (Trenton) Adelbert Gordon, Batch.e.l.lerville Mica Feldspar Gouverneur Garnet Co., Gouverneur Garnet J. B. Gray, Geneseo Oil sand and crude oil Ezra Grinnell, Port Gibson Plaster of paris Land plaster Grumply Oil Co., Rexville Crude oil Helderberg Cement Co., Howes Cave. Gold medal Cement D. C. Hewitt, Amsterdam Limestone (Calciferous) High Falls Pyrites Co., Canton Pyrites Horan Bros., Medina Sandstone Horseheads Brick Co., Horseheads Brick L. W. Hotchkiss, Lewiston Sandstone (Medina) Hudson River Bluestone Co., Ulster county. Silver medal Bluestone International Graphite Co., Ticonderoga Graphite International Pulp Co., Gouverneur Talc International Salt Co., Ithaca Salt Interstate Conduit & Brick Co., Ithaca Brick Jamestown Shale Paving Brick Co., Jamestown Brick Jewettville Pressed Brick & Paving Co., Jewettville Brick R. Jones, Prospect Graphite J. F. Kilgour, Lordville Bluestone F. H. Kinkel, Bedford Feldspar Quartz A. Gracie King, Garrisons Granite Francis Larkins, Ossining Granite B. B. Mason, Keeseville Norite Masterton & Hall, Tuckahoe Marble H. H. Mathews Consolidated Slate Co., Washington county. Gold medal Slate G. J. McClure, Ithaca Bluestone J. H. McCutcheon, Lancaster Brick James McEwen, Wellsville Crude oil J. C. & A. McMurray, Olean Brick Medina Quarry Co., New York city. Silver medal Sandstone M. Mervine, Whitesville Crude oil Morris & Strobel, LeRoy Limestone Mount Eve Granite Co., Mount Eve Granite Mutual Gas Co., Andover Crude oil National Salt Co., Ithaca and Warsaw. Silver medal Salt National Wall Plaster Co., Fayetteville Crude gypsum Plaster of paris Land plaster James Nevins & Son, Walton Bluestone New York State School of Clay Working and Ceramics, Alfred Silver medal Clay products New York Hydraulic Pressed Brick Co., Canandaigua Brick New York State Museum, Department of Paleontology. Grand prize General Exhibit in Paleontology, including publications, slab of Potsdam sandstone, restorations of fossils New York State Museum. Bronze medal Plaster Model of Tilly Foster Iron Mine New York State Museum. Gold medal Publications on Geology, Mineralogy, Topography, Quarrying, Mining, Metallurgy, Development of Water Resources, etc.

New York State Museum. Gold medal Collection of Minerals and Building Stones New York State Museum. Silver medal Ten Geologic maps of the State of New York and special parts thereof Relief Map of New York Hypsometric Map of New York Road Map of New York Sixty-four photographic enlargements ill.u.s.trating New York State mineral resources and other geological features; size, 11 by 14 inches New York State Museum. Silver medal Collective Exhibit Northern New York Marble Co., Gouverneur Marble North River Garnet Co., Ticonderoga Garnet Oakfield Plaster Manufacturing Co., Oakfield Gypsum Onondaga Coa.r.s.e Salt a.s.sociation, Syracuse. Silver medal Solar salt Ontario Talc Co., Gouverneur Talc D. Parmatir, Potsdam Sandstone Pa.s.s & Seymour, Syracuse Insulators Peter Pitkin's Sons, Portageville Bluestone Potsdam Sandstone Co., Potsdam Sandstone A. L. Pritchard, Pleasantville Marble Queen City Brick Co., Buffalo Brick Quick & Co., Alma Crude oil Remington Salt Co., Syracuse Salt Retsof Mining Co., Retsof and Livonia Rock salt W. Rielly, Cobleskill Limestone E. P. Roberts, Cortland Granite Robins Conveying Belt Co., New York city Belts and conveyor on separator Rochester Brick & Tile Co., Rochester Brick Rossie Metallic Paint Co., Rossie Mineral paint Rudolph & Dotterwich, Allegany Crude oil D. G. Scholten, Gouverneur. Bronze medal Marble Scio Oil & Gas Co., Scio Oil sand and crude oil C. R. Scott, Alma Crude oil Scott, Fuller & Fay, South Bolivar Crude oil George W. Searles, White Lead Lake, Herkimer county Infusorial earth J. Shanahan, Tribes Hill Limestone J. Shear & Co., Schenectady Sandstone Solvay Process Co., Syracuse. Grand prize Salt products Solvay Process Co., Syracuse Limestone (Onondaga) South Dover Marble Co., South Dover Marble St. Lawrence Marble Co., Gouverneur Marble A. D. Symonds, Elmira Bluestone The Tanite Co., Cortland Emery Evan T. Thomas, Prospect Limestone F. Thomas, Troy Mineral paint Loren Thomas, Waterloo Marble James Thornton Estate, Alma Crude oil Ticonderoga Graphite Co., Ticonderoga Graphite Tonawanda Brick Co., Tonawanda Brick W. B. Underhill Brick Co., Croton Landing Sand Union Salt Co., Watkins Salt Union Talc Co., Gouverneur Talc United States Gypsum Co., Oakfield. Grand prize Gypsum Statuary of plaster of paris United States Talc Co., Gouverneur Talc James Van Etten, Granite Millstones Vosburg Oil Co., Bolivar Oil sand and crude oil Vossler Bros & Quick, Alma Crude oil Warsaw Bluestone Co., Rock Glen Bluestone Watertown Marble Co., Watertown Marble Watkins Salt Co., Watkins Salt Wells & Hall, Ogdensburg Mineral paint Wetherill Separating Co., New York city. Gold medal Wetherill magnetic separator, Type E, No. 3, working on New York magnetic iron ores L. H. White, Saratoga Springs Granite White Crystal Marble Co., Gouverneur Marble Ashler Williamson & Co., Northport Sand Witherbee, Sherman & Co., Mineville. Silver medal Iron ore Worcester Salt Co., Silver Springs. Silver medal Salt

[Ill.u.s.tration: VARIED INDUSTRIES BUILDING AND PLAZA ST. LOUIS]

CHAPTER XV

Social Economy Exhibit and Schedule of Awards

SOCIAL ECONOMY EXHIBIT By DELANCEY M. ELLIS Director of Education and Social Economy

The Department of Social Economy being closely allied with the Department of Education, and its exhibit being installed in the Palace of Education, it was placed under the general charge of the Director of Education, whose t.i.tle was changed to the Director of Education and Social Economy.

APPROPRIATIONS

The following appropriations were made for exhibits in this department:

State Commission in Lunacy, ------------ $1,800 State Board Of Charities, -------------- 1,200 State Department Of Prisons, ----------- 2,000 State Department Of Labor, ------------- 1,000 Craig Colony for Epileptics, Sonyea, --- 500 General expenses, ---------------------- 1,000 ------- Total, --------------------------------- $7,500 -------

From the last named appropriation was paid the expenses for the exhibits of the State Department of Health and the State Department of Excise, and such other inst.i.tutions or a.s.sociations as were properly included in this cla.s.s.

PREPARATION OF EXHIBITS

All of the exhibits of State Departments were prepared by the departments contributing them, and in the case of the State Commission in Lunacy and the State Board of Charities the exhibits were installed by a special representative. This also is true of the exhibit of the State Department of Prisons, which required the constant attendance of an expert to demonstrate its workings.

During the latter part of the Exposition period William T. Arms, an attache of the State building, was detailed to the Department of Social Economy, and dividing his time among the several State exhibits, added materially to the pleasure and knowledge of visitors concerning New York's inst.i.tutions.

PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT

The Exposition authorities determined that the exhibits in the Department of Social Economy should be collective; that is, that all the work in the Department of Charities and Corrections from whatever source should be installed together; the same to be true of general betterment movements, hygiene, munic.i.p.al improvement, etc. This plan precluded the installation of the State's exhibit in this department in one place with a dignified installation, as in the other exhibit departments, and made necessary the placing of the exhibit in several different parts of the building according to the subdivision of the cla.s.sification under which it fell. Perhaps from the standard of general utility the arrangement was all that could be desired, but from the standpoint of the State it is of doubtful value, as such a disposition of the State's exhibit made no single part of it of any considerable size, nor as impressive as had the State's work in this department been shown together.

No State in the Union approaches the Empire State in its progressive policy in the care of the insane, the dest.i.tute and delinquents, in the solving of labor and excise problems, and had the exhibit in this department been installed together, a most effective and striking lesson would have been taught.

STATE COMMISSION IN LUNACY

The exhibit of the New York State Commission in Lunacy was the most suggestive and comprehensive of any shown in the Department for the Insane, and was designed primarily to show the difference between the ancient and modern methods of treating these unfortunates. Two rooms were shown, the first of which represented the primitive methods adopted for treating insanity. The room was barren, dark and not over clean. At the front was shown one of the old peep-doors taken from the Utica Asylum. It was of ma.s.sive construction and contained a small aperture covered by a heavy wooden blind, through which the attendant could observe the doings of the patient, or, more properly speaking, the prisoner. Within stood one of the so-called Utica cribs built of heavy wood, over which was a cover of wooden bars. In this crib the patient was obliged to remain in a rec.u.mbent position, the cover closed and locked. Near by stood a restraining chair, a whirling chair, a straight jacket and shackles, all representing ancient methods of "quieting" the victims of the dread disease.

Adjoining was an airy room, clean and inviting, made cheerful by growing plants and attractive furniture, with every modern appliance for the care of an invalid, resembling closely a room of the better cla.s.s in a general hospital. There was an entire absence of any kind of restraint.

A neat iron bedstead, rocking chairs, invalid table, wash stand, book case with books, and in fact every comfort and convenience was at hand.

In this room were also shown the uniforms worn by the nurses and attendants in the State hospitals for the insane, and a series of reference books upon the subject of insanity, The exhibit was supplemented by a series of handsome photographs completely ill.u.s.trating the various State hospitals for the insane, the daily life of the inmates and the expert attention which they receive.

Gla.s.s cases contained a large amount of industrial work done by the inmates. This chiefly consisted of sewing and embroidery. A feature of the exhibit was an oak cabinet containing a series of specimens showing cross sections of the brain prepared at the Pathological Inst.i.tute in New York city. It was of decided scientific value and interest. Near by was a miniature tent hospital, a complete model of the hospital for the care of insane patients afflicted with tuberculosis which is now in operation at the Manhattan State Hospital, Ward's Island, N. Y.

A striking feature was a copy of the famous oil painting, "Dr. Pinel Freeing the Insane at La Salpetriere after the close of the French Revolution." It most graphically told the story of the complete revolution in treating this dread disease.

STATE BOARD OF CHARITIES

The exhibit of the State Board of Charities was installed under four different subdivisions of Group 139 (Charities and Corrections) of the official cla.s.sification.

1. Cla.s.s 784. Dest.i.tute, neglected and delinquent children 2. Cla.s.s 785. Inst.i.tutional care of dest.i.tute adults 3. Cla.s.s 787. Hospitals, dispensaries and nursing 4. Cla.s.s 789. Treatment of criminals

The exhibit of the Board in the department for the care of juvenile delinquents was comprehensive in its make up. Photographs of the various State inst.i.tutions devoted to this purpose were shown, clearly demonstrating the superiority of these inst.i.tutions as to buildings, equipment and maintenance. These photographs were supplemented by an exhibit of industrial work of the inmates.

The State Industrial School at Rochester and the House of Refuge for Juvenile Delinquents at Randall's Island both contributed some exceptional work in wood carving and wrought iron.

In addition to this were shown the uniforms worn in the different inst.i.tutions and also specimens of the scholastic work which the children are doing.

The State Board of Charities also a.s.sumed the responsibility for, and partially prepared, the exhibit of various charity organization societies within the State, by far the most elaborate of which was the exhibit of the Charity Organization Society of New York city. By means of photographs, administrative blanks and reports the great work which this organization is doing was clearly revealed.

The work of the Board in the care of dest.i.tute adults was demonstrated by means of a complete set of photographs of the county alms houses of the State of New York. From two to four pictures of each inst.i.tution were shown, giving a very clear idea of their scope and equipment. These photographs were supplemented by a statistical blank containing valuable data as to the value of the plant, number of employees, of inmates, and such other information as would be useful to the public.

The exhibit of the work of the Board as related to general hospitals of the State consisted largely of a series of photographs, supplemented by valuable statistical matter.

The Board also prepared an exhibit from the various State prisons, the industrial work of which is under the jurisdiction of the State Prison Commission. This exhibit contained photographs of the members of the State Prison Commission, photographs showing the interiors of the different prisons, reports, etc., and revealed the fact that the Empire State is in the front rank in inaugurating reform movements looking toward the health, safety and moral uplift of the inmates.