[154] -- Haxthausen: "Mem. sur la Russie Mer., Vol. ii., p. 204. "Fouilles des Kourganes," par M. Sarnokoasof, REVUE ARCH., 1879. Much: MITTHEILUNGEN DER ANTH. GESELL. IN WIEN, 1878.

[155] -- On this point see the excellent work by Maury, "Les Monuments de la Russie et les Tumulus Tchoudes," and Meynier and Eichtal's "Tumulus des Anciens Habitants de la Siberie."

[156] -- REVUE D' ANTH., 1880, p. 655.

[157] -- MEM. DE LA SOC. ARCH. DE LA PROVINCE DE CONSTANTINE, 1863.

[158] -- "Monuments Megalithiques de la Tunisie," ANT. AFRIC., July, 1884. Dr. Rouire: "Les Dolmens de l'Enfida," BULL. GEOG. HIST., 1886.

[159] -- "Heth and Noah," pp. 191 and 192.

[160] -- "Heth and Moab," p. 249.

[161] -- "Tribes of the Hindoo Koosh," Calcutta, 1881.

[162] -- MATERIAUX, 1887, p. 458. M. Pallart ("Mon. Meg. de Mascaro"), thinks that this dolmen was not erected by man, but that a long slab of stone has slipped down the slopes of the mountain and rested on two natural supports. It is not easy to accept this view.

[163] -- Dr. de Closmadeuc, agreeing, I think, with Henry Martin, derives the name of DOL VARCHANT from DOL MARCH'-HENT, the table of the horse of the avenue.

[164] -- COMPTE RENDU, p. 421.

[165] -- MAT., 1877, p. 470.

[166] -- a.s.s. FRANCAISE, Bordeaux, 1872, p. 725.

[167] -- REV. D'ANTH., 1881, p. 283.

[168] -- By permission of the author, the translator adds the following quotation from Taylor's "Origin of the Aryans," p. 17, which is referred to by Professor Huxley in his paper on the Aryan question in the NINETEENTH CENTURY for November, 1890. Taylor says: "It is now contended that there is no such thing as an Aryan race in the same sense that there is an Aryan language, and the question of late so frequently discussed as to the origin of the Aryans can only mean, if it means anything, a discussion of the ethnic affinities of those numerous races which have acquired Aryan speech; with the further question, which is perhaps insoluble, among which of these races did Aryan speech arise and where was the cradle of that race?"

[169] -- This poet is one of those whose work is to be found in the so-called "Black Book of Caermarthen." See also "The Four Ancient Books of Wales, Containing the Cymric Poems Attributed to the Bards of the Sixth Century." Edinburgh, 1868.

[170] -- Foureau, BUL. SOC. GEOG., June 1, 1883.

[171] -- Munck has just discovered a similar station at Oburg (Hainault), where similar implements, produced by similar processes as those at Spiennes, were discovered.

[172] -- Briart, Cornet, and Houzeau: RAPPORT SUR LES DECOUVERTES FAITES A SPIENNES EN 1867. Malise: BUL. ACAD. ROYALE DE BELGIQUE.

[173] -- JOURNAL, ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 1818, p. 419.

[174] -- ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES, Nov., 1883. MAT. Jan., 1884. Nature, June 18, 1887.

[175] -- NATURE, June 16, 1887.

[176] -- Heilbig: "Osservazioni sopra il Commercio del l'Ambra"

(ACAD. DEI LINCEI). We must not confound the yellow amber of the Baltic with the red amber found in Italy, in the mountains of Lebanon, and even in some lignites in the south of France. Sadowski: "Le Commerce de l'Ambre chez les Anciens."

[177] -- Nephrite is found in Turkestan, in Siberia, and in New Zealand. Deposits of jadeite are known in Burmah, Jeannetay, and Michel -- "Note stir la Nephrite ou jade de Siberie" (BUL. SOC. MINERALOGIQUE DE FRANCE, 1881). Meyer: "Die Nephritfrage kein ethnologische Problem,"

Berlin, 1882.

[178] -- Objects made of chloromelanite have been picked up in thirty-eight of the departments of France. No deposit of it is known now. -- Fischer and Damour: REV. ARCH., 1877.

[179] -- Obsidian is chiefly found in the mines and quarries of Terro de las Navajas (Mexico), known in the time of the Aztecs. Deposits have also lately been discovered in Hungary and the island of Melos.

[180] -- Calaite differs from the turquoise by an equivalent of aluminium; it was described by M. Damour in 1864. It is said that traces of it have been found in the tin mines of Montebras, which appear to have been worked from prehistoric times. -- MAT., 1881, p. 166, etc. Cartailhac: BUL. SOC. ANTH., 1881, p. 295.

[181] -- Broca: "Les Oss.e.m.e.nts des Eyzies," Paris, 1868.

[182] -- Lartet and Chaplain-Duparc: "Une Sepulture des Anciens Troglodytes des Pyrenees."

[183] -- BULL. SOC. ANTH., 1878, p. 215. The Baumes-Chaudes caves are the most complete charnel houses of Neolithic times yet discovered. Dr. Prunieres collected in them as many as three hundred skeletons.

[184] -- "In a large proportion of the long barrows I have opened, the skulls exhumed have been found to be cleft apparently with a blunt weapon, such as a club or stone axe." -- ARCHAEOLOGIA, vol. xlii., p. 161, etc.

[185] -- Wilson: "Prehistoric Annals of Scotland," 2d ed., vol. i., p. 187.

[186] -- Keller: "Pfahlbauten," SIEBENTER BERICHT, P. 27, Zurich, 1876.

[187] -- "Habitants Primitifs de la Scandinavie," pp. 212 and 213.

[188] -- "On the Occurrence of Fossil Bones in South America."

[189] -- JOURNAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY, May, 1882.

[190] -- Wyman: REPORT PEABODY MUSEUM, 1874, p, 40.

[191] -- This skill was not always shown, for Dr. Topinard speaks of a femur found at Feigneux which had been so clumsily set that one part greatly overlapped the other. -- Bul. Soc. ANTH., P. 534.

[192] -- BUL. SOC. ANTH., 1883, pp. 258 -- 301; 1885, p. 412. BUL. SOC. POLYMATIQUE DU MORBIHAN, 1883, p. 12.

[193] -- NATURE, January 2, 1886.

[194] -- BUL. SOC. ANTH. DE LYON, 1883 -- 1884.

[195] -- Belucci: CONGRES PREHISTORIQUE DE LISBONNE, 1880, p. 471.

[196] -- "Uber trepanirte Schadel won Giebiechenstein" (VERH. DER BERLINER GESELLSCHAFT FUR ANTH., 1879, p. 64).

[197] -- MATERIAUX POUR L'HISTOIRE DE L'HOMME, Aout, 1886.

[198] -- American a.s.s., Detroit, 1875, Nashville, 1877; "Ancient Men of the Great Lakes" "Additional Facts Concerning Artificial Perforation of the Cranium in Ancient Mounds in Michigan." See also on this question generally Fletcher "On Prehistoric Trepanning and Cranial Amulets,"

Washington, 1882.

[199] -- BUL. SOC. ANTH., February 17, 1881.

[200] -- Jehan Taxil: "Traite de l'Epilepsie, Maladie Appalee Vulgairement la Gouttete aux Pet.i.ts Enfants."

[201] -- BUL. SOC. ANTH., 1887, p. 527.