[59] -- See my translation of De Nadaillac's "Prehistoric America,"

pp. 53, 58, and 59." -- N. D'Anvers.

[60] -- "Geography," book iv.

[61] -- "Opera," vol. ii., Migne edition, p. 335. Richard, of Cirencester, says that the Attacotes lived on the sh.o.r.es of the Clyde, beyond the great wall of Hadrian.

[62] -- Schweden's "Urgeschichte," p. 341.

[63] -- The felidae were very numerous in Europe in Quaternary times. We may mention two species of lions, LEO n.o.bILIS and LEO SPELAEUS, the latter often confounded with the DELIS SPELAEUS of such frequent occurrence in French caves, two species of tigers, TIGRIS EDWARDSIANA and TIGRIS EUROPAEA, the largest of the Quaternary felidae, which was some twelve feet long. We also know of seven species of leopards, six species of cats, from the Serval to a little felis smaller than our domestic cat; two species of lynx, and lastly the MACHAIRODUS, a beast of prey of considerable size, characterized by having exceptionally long upper canines serrated like a saw. Probably these beasts of prey were not all contemporaries, but succeeded each other. (Bourguignat: "Histoire des Felidae Fossiles en France dans les Depots de la Periode Quaternaire," Paris, 1879.)

[64] -- "Testimony of the Rocks," p. 127, Edinburgh and Boston, 1857.

[65] -- OSs.e.m.e.nTS FOSSILES TROUVES A ODESSA. The cave-hyena resembles that now living at the Cape.

[66] -- Ducrost and Arcelin: "Stratigraphie de l'Eboulis de Solutre,"

MAT., 1876, p. 403. ARCHIVES DIE MUSEUM D'HIST. NAT. DE LYON, vol. 1.

[67] -- M. de Baye found a great many similar arrow-heads in the Pet.i.t-Morin caves.

[68] -- Nilsson: "The Primitive Inhabitants of Scandinavia."

[69] -- Captain Edward Johnson, who travelled about in New England from 1628 to 1632, relates that the children there spent their days in shooting at the fish that appeared on the surface of the water, succeeding in catching them with marvellous skill. "A History of New England," London, 1654.

[70] -- Reiss and Steubel: "The Necropolis of Ancon in Peru," London and Berlin.

[71] -- MATERIAUX, 1870, p, 348.

[72] -- WIADOMOSEI ARCHEOLOGIZNE, No. iv., Warsaw, 1882.

[73] -- Ch. Rau: "Prehistoric Fishing in Europe and America."

[74] -- Horace: "Odes," book i., ode iii.

[75] -- Friedel: "Fuhrer durch die Fischerei Abtheilung."

[76] -- "A Catalogue of the Antiquities in the Museum of the Royal Academy."

[77] -- PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCOTLAND, vol. iii. Dr. R. Munro "Ancient Scottish Lake Dwellings or Crannoges,"

Edinburgh, 1882.

[78] -- Geikie, EDINBURGH NEW PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL, vol. xv. De Lapparent "Traite de Geologie," first edition, p. 518.

[79] -- "Discoveries in the more Recent Deposits of the Bovey Basin,"

TRANS. DEVONSHIRE a.s.s., 1883.

[80] -- "Nordische Oldsager i der kongelige Museum i Kjobenhawn."

[81] -- "Les Proto-Helvetes," NATURE, 1880, 1st week, p. 151.

[82] -- "Mem. Soc. d'Emulation d'Abbeville," 1867.

[83] -- Indra, the all-seer, to whom it is given to pierce the cloud, personified by Vritra, and "to open the receptacles of the waters with his far-reaching thunder-bolts," is of course the sun, the worship of which was one of the earliest and most natural instincts of humanity; whilst Vritra was in the first instance merely the symbol of the cloud, intervening between heaven and earth, shutting out from men the light of the sun, and keeping back the refreshing rain. The gradual conversion of these natural phenomena into a good and a malignant power, ever struggling for the mastery, is a forcible ill.u.s.tration of the way in which myths are evolved. -- Trans.

[84] -- De Mortillet: "Le Prehistorique," Paris, 1883, p. 133.

[85] -- "Limon du Plateau du Nord de la France," Paris, 1878. Acheuleen et Mousterien: REVUE DES QUESTIONS SCIENTIFIQUES, October, 1880. BUL. SOC. ANTH., 1884, 1887.

[86] -- Ch.e.l.lEEN, so called from their having been found at Ch.e.l.les (Seine-et-Marne), where the remains of the ELEPHAS ANTIQUUS, the most ancient of the pachyderms now known in Europe, was a.s.sociated with these tools.

[87] -- De Mortillet: "Musee Prehistorique," pl. xvi. to xix.

[88] -- M. de Mortillet enumerates 127 polishers found at various points in thirty departments of France. "Le Prehistorique," first edition, p. 534.

[89] -- Piette: a.s.s. FRANC. POUR L'AVANCEMENT DES SCIENCES, Nantes, 1875, p. 909.

[90] -- De Mortillet: "Le Prehistorique," p. 544; "Musee Prehistorique," figs. 431 to 434.

[91] -- "Musee Prehistorique," fig. 410.

[92] -- Lagneau: "De l'Uusage des Fleches empoisonnees chez les Anciens Peuples l'Europe," Ac. des Insc., 2d November, 1877.

[93] -- "Les Temps Prehistoriques en Belgique," p. 151.

[94] -- "Reliquiae Aquitanicae," p. 127.

[95] -- NATURE, 1876, second week, p. 5.

[96] -- In this cave, in the second ossiferous deposit, were found four fragments of pottery. De Puydt and Lohest: "L'Homme Contemporain du mammouth."

[97] -- "La poterie en Belgique a l' age du mammouth," REVUE D'ANTHROPOLOGIE, 1887.

[98] -- AC. DES SCIENCES, Nov. 9, 1885. We must add that at a later seance M. Cartailhac contested, if not the facts, the conclusions deducted from them.

[99] -- But what is the value of categorical a.s.sertions of this kind in presence of the fragments of pottery found at different levels in Kent's Hole? One of these fragments was so rotten that when placed in water it formed a black liquid mud as it decomposed.

[100] -- I have not s.p.a.ce to speak here of the curious pottery found in America. The most ancient specimens, moreover, are of much later date than the Quaternary epoch. I can only refer those interested in the subject to my book on "Prehistoric America," published in French by M. Ma.s.son of Paris, and in English in America by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons.

[101] -- "De Architectura," book ii., c. i.

[102] -- On the subject of tatooing an excellent work may be consulted by Dr Magitot ("a.s.s. Franc. pour l'Avancement des Sciences," Alger, 1881).

[103] -- CYPRAEA RUFA, CYPRAEA LURIDA (COMPTES RENDUS ACAD. DES SCIENCES, vol. lx.x.xiv., p. 1060).

[104] -- On this point an excellent work may be consulted by S. Reinach: "Le Musee de Saint Germain,'' p. 232.

[105] -- Vaudry: ACAD. DES SCIENCES, August 25, 1890.

[106] -- A. Bertrand: ACAD. DES INSCRIPTIONS, April 29 and May 6, 1887.