30. What is the relation of attention and interest to the mechanism of imitation?

31. What is the relation of imitation to learning?

32. What is the relation of imitation to the three phases of sympathy differentiated by Ribot?

33. What do you understand by Smith's definition of sympathy? How does it differ from that of Ribot?

34. Under what conditions is the sentiment aroused in the observer likely to resemble that of the observed? When is it likely to be different?

35. In what sense is sympathy the basis for pa.s.sing a moral judgment upon a person or an act?

36. What do you understand by "internal imitation"?

37. What is the significance of imitation for artistic appreciation?

38. What do you understand by the term "appreciation"? Distinguish between "appreciation" and "comprehension." (Compare Hirn's distinction with that made by Simmel.)

39. Upon what is the nature of suggestion based? How do you define suggestion?

40. What do you understand by Bechterew's distinction between active perception and pa.s.sive perception?

41. Why can we speak of suggestion as a mental automatism?

42. How real is the a.n.a.logy of suggestion to an infection or an inoculation?

43. What do you understand by the distinction between personal consciousness and general consciousness?

44. What is the significance of attention in determining the character of suggestion?

45. What is the relation of rapport to suggestion?

46. How would you distinguish suggestion from other forms of stimulus and response?

47. Is suggestion a term of individual or of social psychology?

48. What is the significance of the case of Clever Hans for the interpretation of so-called telepathy? of muscle reading?

49. How extensive, would you say, are the subtler forms of suggestion in normal life? What ill.u.s.trations would you give?

50. What is the role of social contagion in ma.s.s action?

51. What do you understand Bechterew to mean by "the psychological processes of fusion"? "spiritual cohesion," etc.?

52. What does it mean to say that historical personages "embody in themselves the emotions and the desires of the ma.s.ses"?

53. What, in your judgment, are the differentiating criteria of suggestion and imitation?

54. What do you understand is meant by speaking of imitation and suggestion as mechanisms of interaction?

FOOTNOTES:

[135] Pp. 70 and 72.

[136] Translated and adapted from Ludwig Gumplowicz, _Der Ra.s.senkampf_, pp. 158-61. (Innsbruck: Wagnerische Univ. Buchhandlung, 1883.)

[137] Translated from Georg Simmel, _Soziologie_, by Albion W. Small, _American Journal of Sociology_, XV (1909), 296-98; III (1898), 667-83.

[138] Translated and adapted from Georg Simmel, _Soziologie_, pp.

646-51. (Leipzig: Duncker und Humblot, 1908.)

[139] Adapted from Charles Darwin, _The Expression of the Emotions_, pp.

350-67. (John Murray, 1873.)

[140] Adapted from Charles Darwin, _The Expression of the Emotions_, pp.

310-37. (John Murray, 1873.)

[141] Translated and adapted from L. Dugas, _Psychologie du rire_, pp.

32-153. (Felix Alcan, 1902.)

[142] Adapted from C. Lloyd Morgan, _Animal Behaviour_, pp. 193-205.

(Edward Arnold, 1908.)

[143] Adapted from F. Max Muller, _The Science of Language_, I, 520-27.

(Longmans, Green & Co., 1891.)

[144] Adapted from Charles H. Judd, _Psychology_, pp. 219-24. (Ginn & Co., 1917.)

[145] Adapted from Carl Bucher, _Industrial Evolution_. Translated by S.

Morley Wickett, pp. 216-43. (Henry Holt & Co., 1907.)

[146] From Charles H. Judd, "Imitation," in _Monroe's Cyclopedia of Education_, III, 388-89. (Published by The Macmillan Co., 1912.

Reprinted by permission.)

[147] Adapted from G. F. Stout, _A Manual of Psychology_, pp. 390-91.

(The University Tutorial Press, 1913.)

[148] Adapted from Th. Ribot, _The Psychology of the Emotions_, pp.

230-34. (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1898.)

[149] Adapted from Adam Smith, _The Theory of Moral Sentiments_, pp.

3-10. (G. Bell & Sons, 1893.)

[150] From Yrjo Hirn, _The Origins of Art_, pp. 74-85. (Published by The Macmillan Co., 1900. Reprinted by permission.)

[151] Translated and adapted from the German, _Die Bedeutung der Suggestion im Sozialen Leben_, pp. 10-15, from the original Russian of W. v. Bechterew. (J. F. Bergmann, Wiesbaden, 1905.)

[152] Adapted from Albert Moll, _Hypnotism_, pp. 453-57. The Contemporary Science Series. (Walter Scott, 1909.)

[153] Translated and adapted from the German, _Die Bedeutung der Suggestion im Sozialen Leben_, pp. 134-42, from the original Russian of W. v. Bechterew. (Wiesbaden: J. F. Bergmann, 1905.)