Range.--"In summer, northwestern United States, and southern British Columbia, from northeastern California and northwestern Nevada, northward through Oregon and Washington east of the Cascade Mountains to British Columbia and extreme northern Idaho; in winter, south to central California." (Oberholser.)

=474j. Sonoran Horned Lark= (_O. a. pallida_). W. [Male], 3.8; [Female], 3.6. Nape very pale pinkish; back pale grayish brown edged with grayish; forehead, line over eye, and throat tinged with yellowish. Resembles No. 474l, but is still paler.

Range,--"Region immediately adjacent to the head of the Gulf of California, Mexico." (Oberholser.)

=474l. Montezuma Horned Lark= (_O. a. occidentalis_). W. [Male], 4; [Female], 3.8. No distinct blackish streaks above; back pale brownish edged with pinkish gray; throat yellow, forehead and line over eye tinged with yellow. Similar to No. 474h, but paler, less ruddy above; differs from No. 474c in being browner and less streaked above.

Range.--"In summer, central New Mexico, west to central Arizona; in winter, south to northern Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico and southeast Texas." (Oberholser.)

=474m. Island Horned Lark= (_O. a. insularis_). Similar to No. 474g, but slightly darker above, breast usually _without_ a yellow tinge.

Range.--Santa Barbara Islands, California.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 446.]

=446. Couch Kingbird= (_Tyrannus melancholicus couchii_). L. 9.5.

_Ads._ Throat _white_, breast and belly yellow, tail _dark brown_; crown gray with an orange patch, back grayish green; _Yng._ Similar, but no crown-patch.

Range.--Guatemala, north in spring as far as Lower Rio Grande, Texas.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 447.]

=447. Arkansas Kingbird= (_Tyrannus verticalis_). L. 9. _Ads._ Throat _light gray_ spreading over breast to yellow belly; tail _black_, outer margin of outer feather _wholly white_; above resembling No.

446. _Yng._ With no crown-patch. _Notes._ Squeaky, rattling, rolling notes; a noisy bird.

Range.--Western United States; breeds east to about Long. 100, north to a.s.siniboia, southern Alberta, southern British Columbia, west to the Pacific; winters south of United States; to Central America.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 448.]

=448. Ca.s.sin Kingbird= (_Tyrannus vociferans_). L. 9. _Ads._ Throat and breast _dark gray_, belly yellow; tail black, outer web of outer feather not wholly white; above as in No. 447. _Yng._ With no crown-patch. _Notes._ Less noisy than No. 447. (Bendire.)

Range.--Western United States, northwestern Mexico and north through Rockies, from western Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, to southern Wyoming; in California north to San Benito County; winters south of United States to Central America.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 449.]

=449. Derby Flycatcher= (_Pitangus derbia.n.u.s_). L. 11. _Ads._ Back brown, wings and tail externally rusty; a yellow crown-patch; forehead, line over eye and across nape white; throat white, below yellow. _Notes._ _Kiskadee_, repeated. (Richmond.)

Range.--Northern South America; breeds north as far as Lower Rio Grande, Texas.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 451.]

=451. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher= (_Myiodynastes luteiventris_). L. 8.

Below sulphur streaked with black; tail largely rusty brown; a yellow crown-patch; inner wing feathers widely margined with whitish; back grayish brown streaked with dusky. _Yng._ With no crown-patch.

_Notes._ A screech, like squeaking of a wagon wheel, and a single note. (Poling.)

Range.--Central America; breeds north as far as southern Arizona.

=452. Crested Flycatcher= (_Myiarchus crinitus_). L. 9. Inner webs of all but middle tail-feathers rust-brown. _Ads._ Throat and breast gray, belly _bright_ sulphur; back grayish _olive-green_; greenest above and yellowest below of our larger _Myiarchi_. _Notes._ Loud, chuckling, grating whistles.

Range.--Eastern North America; west to the Plains; breeds from Florida and Texas north to New Brunswick and Manitoba; winters from southern Florida south to northern South America.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 453.]

=453. Mexican Crested Flycatcher= (_Myiarchus mexica.n.u.s_). L. 9.2; W. 4. Inner webs of all but middle tail-feathers rust brown. _Ads._ Throat and breast gray, belly sulphur, both paler than No. 452; back grayish brown, with little or no green tinge. _Notes._ Resemble those of No. 452. (Merrill.)

Range.--Central America; breeds north as far as Lower Rio Grande, Texas.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 453a.]

=453a. Arizona Crested Flycatcher= (_M. m. magister_). Similar to No. 453, but larger, L. 9.4, W. 4.2, and averaging slightly paler.

Range.--"Western Mexico; north to southern Arizona and southwest New Mexico; south in winter to Tehuantepec, Mexico."

[Ill.u.s.tration: 454.]

=454. Ash-throated Flycatcher= (_Myiarchus cinerascens_). L. 8.; W. 4.

Inner webs of all but middle tail-feathers rust-brown, outer pair dusky at tip of inner web. _Ads._ Throat and breast pale grayish white, belly white tinged with yellow, above grayish brown, outer web of outer tail-feather whitish. Palest below of our _Myiarchi_.

_Notes._ A rather resonant but wooden _chck-pr-r-r-r_.

Range.--Western United States: breeds from western Texas and Lower California north to Colorado and Oregon; winters in southern Mexico and Central America.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 454a.]

=454a. Nutting Flycatcher= (_M. c. nuttingi_). Similar to No. 454, but smaller, W. 3.6, outer margin of outer tail-feather not whitish, tip of its inner web rusty, not dusky.

Range.--Breeds in southern Arizona and western Mexico; winters in Central America.

=454b. Lower California Flycatcher= (_M. c. pertinax_). Similar to No. 454a, but bill larger and stouter; above grayer; below less yellow. (Brewster.)

Range.--Lower California.

=455a. Olivaceous Flycatcher= (Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens). L. 7.

_Ads._ Inner webs of tail-feathers like outer webs; tail-feathers margined with rusty; breast and belly as in No. 452; crown brownish, back grayish olive-green. _Notes._ A short mournful _peeur_.