[Ill.u.s.tration: 408.]

=408. Lewis Woodp.e.c.k.e.r= (_Asyndesmus torquatus_). L. 11. _Ads._ Breast and a collar around the neck gray; region about base of bill dark red; belly pinkish red; above shining green black. _Yng._ No gray collar; crown suffused with red. _Notes._ A weak, peeping twitter. (Lawrence).

Generally a silent bird.

Range.--Western United States; breeds from New Mexico, Arizona, and southern California north to southern Alberta and British Columbia; winters from southern Oregon and Colorado south to western Texas and southern California.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 406.]

=406. Red-headed Woodp.e.c.k.e.r= (_Melanerpes erythrocephalus_). L. 9.7.

_Ads._ Whole head and breast red; end half of secondaries white.

_Yng._ Whole head and breast grayish streaked with blackish; back black margined with grayish; end half of secondaries white with black bars. _Notes._ A tree-toad-like _ker-r-ruck, ker-r-ruck_.

Range.--Eastern United States west to Rocky Mountains: breeds from Florida and Texas north to New York and Manitoba; local and irregular in northern parts of range; winters from Virginia, and occasionally from New York, southward.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 407.]

=407. Striped-breasted Woodp.e.c.k.e.r= (_Melanerpes formicivorus_).

L. 9.5. Breast band _streaked with white_; rump white. _Ad._ [Male].

Forehead, white, _crown_, nape, and breast-spot red. _Ad._ [Female].

Center of crown with a black band of _same_ width as white band on forehead. _Notes._ A loud _tchurr, tchurr_.

Range.--Mexico north to southwest Texas and Arizona.

=407a. Californian Woodp.e.c.k.e.r= (_M. f. bairdi_). Similar to No. 407, but black breast-band with white only on its posterior margin.

Range.--Pacific coast region from northern California to southern Oregon.

=407b. Narrow-fronted Woodp.e.c.k.e.r= (_M. f. angustifrons_). _Ad._ [Male]. Similar to No. 407, but smaller, W. 5.2; the throat brighter yellow. _Ad._ [Female]. With black crown-band _wider_ than white forehead band.

Range.--Cape Region of Lower California.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 409.]

=409. Red-bellied Woodp.e.c.k.e.r= (_Centurus carolinus_). L. 9.5. Center of belly reddish. _Ad._ [Male]. Top of head and nape entirely red.

_Ad._ [Female]. Nape red, crown grayish, forehead tinged with red.

_Notes._ A hoa.r.s.e, _chuh-chuh_.

Range.--Eastern United States, west to the Plains; breeds from Florida and Texas to Maryland, Ontario, and South Dakota; winters from Virginia and southern Ohio southward; casually north as far as Ma.s.sachusetts.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 410.]

=410. Golden-fronted Woodp.e.c.k.e.r= (_Centurus aurifrons_). L. 10.5; center of belly yellow. _Ad._ [Male]. Forehead yellow, crown-patch red, nape orange. _Ad._ [Female]. Forehead and nape yellow, crown entirely gray. _Notes._ Loud and penetrating. (Bailey.)

Range.--Mexico, north to central Texas.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 411.]

=411. Gila Woodp.e.c.k.e.r= (_Centurus uropygialis_). L. 10. Center of belly yellow. _Ad._ [Male]. Top of head and nape _sooty_ gray; a red-crown patch. _Ad._ [Female]. Top of head and nape entirely sooty gray. _Notes._ _Dchrr, dchrr_; when flying, a shrill _huit_ like call-note of Phainopepla. (Bendire.)

Range.--Northwestern Mexico, north to southwestern New Mexico, and Lower California.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 412.]

=412. Southern Flicker= (_Colaptes auratus_). Smaller than No. 412a, W. 5.6.

Range.--Southeastern United States north to South Carolina.

=412a. Northern Flicker= (_C. a. luteus_). L. 13; W. 6.4. Crown bluish gray; throat pinkish brown; a scarlet nape-band; lining of wings and tail yellow. _Ad._ [Male]. With black patches on the sides of the throat. _Ad._ [Female]. Without black throat patches. _Notes._ A loud, emphatic _kee-yer_; a low chuckle when taking flight; a _weechew_ repeated and used only when two or more birds are together; and a mellow _cuh-cuh-cuh-cuh_, repeated, doubtless a song.

Range.--Eastern North America west to the Rocky Mountains and Alaska; rare on the Pacific coast; apparently hybridizing with No. 413 at the western border of its range.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 413.]

=413. Red-shafted Flicker= (_Colaptes cafer collaris_). L. 13. No red nape band; crown brownish; throat bluish gray; lining of wings and tail reddish. _Ad._ [Male]. Patches at side of throat red. _Ad._ [Female]. No red throat patches. _Notes._ Resemble those of No. 412.

Range.--Western United States, except northwest coast region; east to the Rocky Mountain region; apparently hybridizing with No. 412 at the eastern border of its range.

=413a. Northwestern Flicker= (_C. c. saturatior_). Similar to No. 413, but much darker throughout, back vinous-brown.

Range.--Pacific coast region; breeds from Oregon north to southern Alaska; winters south to northwest California.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 414.]

=414. Gilded Flicker= (_Colaptes chrysoides_). L. 12; W. 5.7. Crown cinnamon; under surface of wings and tail yellow. _Ad._ [Male]. No red band on nape; throat bluish gray, its sides with a red patch. _Ad._ [Female]. No red on sides of throat. _Notes._ Resemble those of No.

412. (Bendire.)

Range.--"Central and southern Arizona from Lat. 34 to southern Sonora, and Lower California south of Lat. 30." (A.O.U.)

=414a. Brown Flicker= (_C. c. brunnescens_). Similar to No. 414, but slightly smaller; upperparts darker. (Anthony).

Range.--Lower California north of Lat. 30.

=415. Guadalupe Flicker= (_Colaptes rufipileus_). Similar to No. 413, but bill 1.6 or more; more slender, wing averaging less than 6.2; crown cinnamon-brown; rump vinaceous-white. (Ridgw.)

Range.--Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

Order XVI. GOATSUCKERS, SWIFTS, AND HUMMINGBIRDS.

MACROCHIRES.