Only eight of the one hundred and eighty or more known Kingfishers are found in America, the remaining species being confined to the Old World where they are most numerous in the Malay Archipelago.

Parrots and Paroquets

[Ill.u.s.tration: 382.1]

=382.1. Thick-billed Parrot= (_Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha_). L. 16.5.

_Ads._ Forehead, loral region, stripe over eye, bend of wing and thighs red; greater under wing-coverts yellow; rest of plumage green.

Range--Central Mexico north rarely to southern Arizona.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 382.]

=382. Carolina Paroquet= (_Conurus carolinensis_). L. 12.5 _Ads._ Forehead and cheeks deep orange, rest of head yellow. _Yng._ Forehead and loral region orange; rest of head green like back; no yellow on bend of wing. _Notes._ A sharp, rolling _kr-r-r-r-r-r_.

Range.--Formerly eastern United States, north to Maryland, Great Lakes, and Iowa; west to Colorado, Oklahoma and eastern Texas; now restricted to southern Florida and parts of Indian Territory.

Cuckoos

=383. Ani= (_Crotophaga ani_). Resembling No. 384 but upper mandible without grooves. _Notes._ A complaining whistled _oo-eeek_, _oo-eeek_.

Range eastern South America; north to West Indies and Bahamas, rarely to southern Florida; accidental in Louisiana and Pennsylvania.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 384.]

=384. Groove-billed Ani= (_Crotophaga sulcirostris_). L. 12.5 B. .7 _high_; the upper mandible with ridges and furrows. _Ads._ Blue-black, many of the feathers with iridescent margins.

Range.--Northwestern South America, north through Mexico to Lower California and southeastern Texas; casually Arizona, Louisiana and Florida.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 385.]

=385. Road-runner= (_Geococcyx california.n.u.s_). L. 23. Toes two in front, two behind. _Ads._ Above glossy olive-brown with whitish and rusty margins, tail much rounded, outer tail-feathers tipped with white. _Notes._ A soft cooing and a low _chittering_ note produced by striking the mandibles together. Bendire mentions a note like that of a hen calling her brood.

Range central Mexico north, rarely to southwestern Kansas, southern Colorado, and Sacramento Valley, California, rarely to southern Oregon.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 386.]

=386. Mangrove Cuckoo= (_Coccyzus minor_). L. 13. _Ads._ Underparts _uniformly_ rich buff; above grayish brown, crown grayer; ear-coverts black; tail black, outer feathers broadly tipped with white.

Range.--Northern South America, north through Central America, Mexico and Greater Antilles (except Porto Rico?) to Florida and Louisiana, migrating south in fall.

=386a. Maynard Cuckoo= (_C. m. maynardi_). Similar to No. 386, but underparts paler, the throat and forebreast more or less ashy white.

Range.--Bahamas and (eastern?) Florida Keys.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 387.]

=387. Yellow-billed Cuckoo= (_Coccyzus america.n.u.s_). L. 12.2. _Ads._ Below white; lower mandible largely yellow, tail black, outer feathers widely tipped with white. _Notes._ _Tut-tut_, _tut-tut_, _tut-tut_, _tut-tut_, _cl-uck_, _cl-uck_, _cl-uck_, _cl-uck_, _cl-uck_, _cl-uck_, _cow_, _cow_, _cow_, _cow_, _cow_, _cow_, usually given in part.

Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from Florida to New Brunswick and Minnesota; winters in Central and South America.

=387a. California Cuckoo= (_C. a. occidentalis_). Similar to No. 387 but somewhat grayer and larger; the bill slightly longer, 1.05.

Range.--Western North America; north to southern British Columbia; east to Western Texas; winters south into Mexico.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 388.]

=388. Black-billed Cuckoo= (_Coccyzus erythrophthalmus_). L. 11.8.

_Ads._ White below; bill _black_; tail, seen from below, grayish _narrowly_ tipped with white; above, especially on crown, browner than No. 387. _Notes._ Similar to those of No. 387, but softer, the _cow_ notes connected.

Range.--Eastern North America; west to Rocky Mountains; breeds north to Labrador and Manitoba; winters south of United States to Brazil.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 389.]

=389. Coppery-tailed Trogon= (_Trogon ambiguus_). L. 12. _Ad._ [Male].

Wing-coverts finely vermiculated; tail coppery tipped with black; outer web and end of outer feathers white, mottled with black. _Ad._ [Female]. Ear-coverts gray; back grayish brown; middle tail-feathers rusty brown tipped with black; breast brownish; upper belly grayish; ventral region pink. _Notes._ Resemble those of a hen Turkey.

(Fisher.)

Range.--Southern Mexico north to Lower Rio Grande and Arizona.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 390.]

=390. Belted Kingfisher= (_Ceryle alcyon_). L. 13. _Ad._ [Male].

Breast-band and sides like back. _Ad._ [Female]. Breast-band and sides rusty. _Notes._ A loud, harsh rattle.

Range.--North America; breeds from Florida, Texas, and California north to Arctic regions; winters from Virginia, Kansas, and southern California south to northern South America.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 391.]

=391. Texas Kingfisher= (_Ceryle americana septentrionalis_). L. 8.7.

_Ad._ [Male]. Breast rusty brown; back greenish; a white collar. _Ad._ [Female]. Throat and breast white, sometimes tinged with buffy; a breast and belly band of greenish spots. _Notes._ When flying, a sharp, rattling twitter; when perching, a rapid, excited ticking.

Range.--Tropical America, from Panama north to southern Texas.

Order XV. WOODp.e.c.k.e.rS.

PICI.

Family 1. WOODp.e.c.k.e.rS. Picidae. 24 species, 22 subspecies.

The some three hundred and fifty known species of Woodp.e.c.k.e.rs are distributed throughout the wooded parts of the world, except in Australia and Madagascar, nearly one half of this number being found in the New World. Feeding largely upon the eggs and larvae of insects, which they can obtain at all seasons, most of the North American species are not highly migratory but are represented in the more northern parts of their range at all times of the year.