27. Jimmie Holland, "The Tyranny of Positive Thinking," [http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=7038] http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page?item_id=7038&viewmode=print.

TWO. The Years of Magical Thinking 1. Joseph Anzack, CNN American Morning CNN American Morning, May 16, 2007.

2. Barry Corbet, "Embedded: A No-Holds-Barred Report from Inside a Nursing Home," AARP: The Magazine AARP: The Magazine, Jan.Feb. 2007, [http://www.aarpmagazine.org/health/embedded.html] http://www.aarpmagazine.org/health/embedded.html.

3. Scott McLemee, "Motivation and Its Discontents," [http://www.insidehighered.com] www.insidehighered.com, Feb. 28, 2007.

4. Dale Carnegie, How to Win Friends and Influence People How to Win Friends and Influence People (New York: Pocket Books, 1982), 70, 61, 64. (New York: Pocket Books, 1982), 70, 61, 64.

5. Arlie Russell Hochschild, The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983). (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983).

6. William H. Whyte, The organization Man The organization Man (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002), 4647, 14. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002), 4647, 14.

7. Tom Rath and Donald O. Clifton, How Full Is Your Bucket? Positive Strategies for Work and Life How Full Is Your Bucket? Positive Strategies for Work and Life (New York: Gallup Press, 2004), 47. (New York: Gallup Press, 2004), 47.

8. Quoted on the American Management a.s.sociation's Web site, [http://www.amanet.org/books/book.cfm?isbn=9780814405826] http://www.amanet.org/books/book.cfm?isbn=9780814405826.

9. T. Harv Eker, Secrets of the Millionaire Mind: Mastering the Inner Game of Wealth Secrets of the Millionaire Mind: Mastering the Inner Game of Wealth (New York: HarperBusiness, 2005), 101. (New York: HarperBusiness, 2005), 101.

10. Jeffrey Gitomer, Little Gold Book of YES! Little Gold Book of YES! (Upper Saddle River: FT Press, 2007), 138. (Upper Saddle River: FT Press, 2007), 138.

11. [http://guruknowledge.org/articles/255/1/The-Power-of-Negative-Thinking/The-Power-of-Negative-Thinking.html] http://guruknowledge.org/articles/255/1/The-Power-of-Negative-Thinking/The-Power-of-Negative-Thinking.html.

12. Gitomer, Little Gold Book Little Gold Book, 45.

13. Judy Braley, "Creating a Positive Att.i.tude," [http://ezinearticles.com/?CreatingaPositiveAtt.i.tude&id=759618] http://ezinearticles.com/?CreatingaPositiveAtt.i.tude&id=759618.

14. Quoted in [http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/The-Secret(2006-film)] http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/The-Secret(2006-film).

15. Rhonda Byrne, The Secret The Secret (New York: Atria Books/Beyond Words, 2006), 116. (New York: Atria Books/Beyond Words, 2006), 116.

16. Jerry Adler, "Decoding 'The Secret,' " Newsweek Newsweek, March 5, 2007.

17. Eker, Secrets Secrets, 67; Vitale quoted in Byrne, The Secret The Secret, 48.

18. Catherine L. Albanese, A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), 7. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), 7.

19. Larry King Live Larry King Live, CNN, Nov. 2, 2006.

20. [http://www.globalpsychics.com/empoweringyou/practicalmagic/prosperity.shtml] http://www.globalpsychics.com/empoweringyou/practicalmagic/prosperity.shtml.

21. Michael J. Losier, Law of Attraction: The Science of Attracting More of What You Want and Less of What You Don't Law of Attraction: The Science of Attracting More of What You Want and Less of What You Don't (Victoria: Michael J. Losier Enterprises, 2006), 13. (Victoria: Michael J. Losier Enterprises, 2006), 13.

22. Napoleon Hill, Think and Grow Rich! ( Think and Grow Rich! (San Diego: Aventine Press, 2004), 21.

23. Michael Shermer, "The (Other) Secret," Scientific American Scientific American, July 2007, 39.

24. Byrne, The Secret The Secret, 21.

25. [http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Law-of-Attraction-and-Quantum-Physics&id=223148] http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Law-of-Attraction-and-Quantum-Physics&id=223148.

26. Michael Shermer, "Quantum Quackery," Scientific American, Scientific American, Dec. 20, 2004. Dec. 20, 2004.

27. Byrne, The Secret The Secret, 88.

THREE. The Dark Roots of American Optimism 1. Ann Douglas, The Feminization of American Culture The Feminization of American Culture (New York: Avon, 1977), 145. (New York: Avon, 1977), 145.

2. Thomas Hooker, quoted in Perry Miller, ed., The American Puritans: Their Prose and Poetry The American Puritans: Their Prose and Poetry (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982), 154. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982), 154.

3. Miller, American Puritans American Puritans, 241.

4. Quoted in Noel L. Brann, "The Problem of Distinguishing Religious Guilt from Religious Melancholy in the English Renaissance," Journal of the Rocky Mountain Medieval and Renaissance a.s.sociation Journal of the Rocky Mountain Medieval and Renaissance a.s.sociation (1980): 70. (1980): 70.

5. Julius H. Rubin, Religious Melancholy and Protestant Experience in America Religious Melancholy and Protestant Experience in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 161. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 161.

6. Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York: Dover, 2003), 168. (New York: Dover, 2003), 168.

7. William Bradford, quoted in Stephen Fender and Arnold Goldman, eds., American Literature in Context American Literature in Context (New York: Routledge, 1983), 45. (New York: Routledge, 1983), 45.

8. Personal communication, Jan. 10, 2009.

9. Quoted in Catherine L. Albanese, A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion A Republic of Mind and Spirit: A Cultural History of American Metaphysical Religion (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), 165. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), 165.

10. Quoted in Albanese, Republic of Mind and Spirit Republic of Mind and Spirit, 167.

11. Quoted in Gillian Gill, Mary Baker Eddy Mary Baker Eddy (Cambridge: Perseus, 1998), 43. (Cambridge: Perseus, 1998), 43.

12. Quoted in Caroline Fraser, G.o.d's Perfect Child: Living and Dying in the Christian Science Church G.o.d's Perfect Child: Living and Dying in the Christian Science Church (New York: Metropolitan, 1999), 34. (New York: Metropolitan, 1999), 34.

13. Quoted in Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English, For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts' Advice to Women For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts' Advice to Women (New York: Anchor, 1989), 103. (New York: Anchor, 1989), 103.

14. Douglas, Feminization Feminization, 170.

15. Quoted in Anne Harrington, The Cure Within: A History of Mind-Body Medicine The Cure Within: A History of Mind-Body Medicine (New York: Norton, 2008), 112. (New York: Norton, 2008), 112.

16. Douglas, Feminization Feminization, 170.

17. Barbara Sicherman, "The Paradox of Prudence: Mental Health in the Gilded Age," Journal of American History Journal of American History 62 (1976): 880912. 62 (1976): 880912.

18. Quoted in Douglas, Feminization Feminization, 104.

19. Gill, Mary Baker Eddy Mary Baker Eddy, 33.

20. Quoted in Robert D. Richardson, William James: In the Maelstrom of American Modernism William James: In the Maelstrom of American Modernism (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006), 86. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006), 86.

21. Roy M. Anker, Self-Help and popular Religion in Early American Culture: An Interpretive Guide Self-Help and popular Religion in Early American Culture: An Interpretive Guide (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1999), 190. (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1999), 190.

22. Gill, Mary Baker Eddy Mary Baker Eddy, 128.

23. Richardson, William James William James, 275.

24. William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature (New York: Modern Library, 2002), 109. (New York: Modern Library, 2002), 109.

25. Ibid., 104.

26. Ibid., 109.

27. Ibid., 109, 111n.

28. Quoted in Fraser, G.o.d's Perfect Child G.o.d's Perfect Child, 195.

29. Micki McGee, Self-Help, Inc.: Make over Culture in American Life Self-Help, Inc.: Make over Culture in American Life (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 142. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 142.

30. [http://www.bripblap.com/2007/stoppingnegativethoughts/] http://www.bripblap.com/2007/stoppingnegativethoughts/.

31. Napoleon Hill, Think and Grow Rich! Think and Grow Rich! (San Diego: Aventine Press, 2004), 52, 29, 71, 28, 30, 74. (San Diego: Aventine Press, 2004), 52, 29, 71, 28, 30, 74.

32. Norman Vincent Peale, back cover quote on Fenwicke Holmes, Ernest Holmes: His Life and Times Ernest Holmes: His Life and Times (New York Dodd, Mead, 1970), [http://self-improvement-ebooks.com/books/ehhlat.php] http://self-improvement-ebooks.com/books/ehhlat.php. (New York Dodd, Mead, 1970), [http://self-improvement-ebooks.com/books/ehhlat.php] http://self-improvement-ebooks.com/books/ehhlat.php.

33. Norman Vincent Peale, The Positive Principle Today The Positive Principle Today (New York: Random House, 1994), 289. (New York: Random House, 1994), 289.

34. Donald Meyer, The Positive Thinkers: popular Religious Psychology from Mary Baker Eddy to Norman Vincent Peale and Ronald Reagan ( The Positive Thinkers: popular Religious Psychology from Mary Baker Eddy to Norman Vincent Peale and Ronald Reagan (Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 1998), 268.

35. Norman Vincent Peale, The Power of Positive Thinking The Power of Positive Thinking (New York: Random House, 1994), 28. (New York: Random House, 1994), 28.

36. T. Harv Eker, Secrets of the Millionaire Mind Secrets of the Millionaire Mind (New York: Harper Business, 2005), 94. (New York: Harper Business, 2005), 94.

37. Quoted in McGee, Self-Help, Inc Self-Help, Inc., 143.

38. Ibid., 142.

39. Jeffrey Gitomer, Little Gold Book Little Gold Book, 164.

40. Ibid., 165.

41. Ibid., 169.

42. Quoted in Meyer, Positive Thinkers Positive Thinkers, 80.

FOUR. Motivating Business and the Business of Motivation 1. Steven Winn, "Overcome that Gnawing Fear of Success! Seize Your Share of the American Dream! You-Yes, You, Ma'am-Can Do It, at a One-Day Gathering That's Equal Parts Boot Camp, Tent Revival, Pep Rally and Group Therapy," San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco Chronicle, May 24, 2004. May 24, 2004.

2. Rick Romell, "Selling Motivation Amounts to Big Business: Self-Help Guru Finds Success Again with His New Firm," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Milwaukee Journal Sentinel online, May 21, 2007. online, May 21, 2007.

3. Jonathan Black, Yes You Can! Behind the Hype and Hustle of the Motivation Biz Yes You Can! Behind the Hype and Hustle of the Motivation Biz (NY: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006). (NY: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006).

4. William Lee Miller, "Some Negative Thinking about Norman Vincent Peale," originally published in Reporter Reporter, Jan. 13, 1955, [http://george.loper.org/trends/2005/Aug/955.html] http://george.loper.org/trends/2005/Aug/955.html.

5. Rob Spiegel, "The Hidden Rule of Positive Thinking," [http://www.businessknowhow.com/startup/hidden.htm] www.businessknowhow.com/startup/hidden.htm.

6. Carol V. R. George, G.o.d's Salesman: Norman Vincent Peale and the Power of Positive Thinking G.o.d's Salesman: Norman Vincent Peale and the Power of Positive Thinking (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 233. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 233.

7. George, G.o.d's Salesman G.o.d's Salesman, 124.

8. Stephanie Saul, "Gimme an Rx! Cheerleaders Pep Up Drug Sales," New York Times, New York Times, Nov. 28, 2005. Nov. 28, 2005.

9. Jerry Pounds, "The Great Motivational Myth," [http://www.managementissues.com/2006/5/25/opinion/the-great-motivational-myth.asp] http://www.managementissues.com/2006/5/25/opinion/the-great-motivational-myth.asp.

10. Karl Vick, "Team-Building or Torture? Court Will Decide," Washington Post, Washington Post, April 13, 2008. April 13, 2008.

11. Robin Leidner, Fast Food, Fast Talk: service Work and the Routinization of Everyday Life Fast Food, Fast Talk: service Work and the Routinization of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), 65, 100101, 104. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), 65, 100101, 104.

12. Stephen b.u.t.terfield, Amway: The Cult of Free Enterprise Amway: The Cult of Free Enterprise (Boston: South End Press, 1985), 100. (Boston: South End Press, 1985), 100.

13. Ibid., 2829, 3637.

14. Jonathan Black, Yes You Can!, Yes You Can!,180.

15. Quoted in Rakesh Khurana, From Higher Aims to Hired Hands: The Social Transformation of American Business Schools and the Unfulfilled Promise of Management as a Profession From Higher Aims to Hired Hands: The Social Transformation of American Business Schools and the Unfulfilled Promise of Management as a Profession (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 303. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 303.

16. Khurana, From Higher Aims From Higher Aims, 32021, 325.

17. Clive Thompson, "Apocalypse Now: As the Year 2000 Approaches, Politicians and Business Leaders Are Getting Ready for the End of the World. Things Have Never Looked Better," Canadian Business and Current Affairs Canadian Business and Current Affairs, Jan. 1996, 2933.

18. Jennifer Reingold and Ryan Underwood, "Was Built to Last Built to Last Built to Last?" Built to Last?" Fast Company Fast Company, Nov. 2004, 103.

19. Mich.e.l.le Conlin, "Religion in the Workplace," BusinessWeek, BusinessWeek, Nov. 1, 1999, 150. Nov. 1, 1999, 150.

20. Craig Lambert, "The Cult of the Charismatic CEO," Harvard Magazine, Harvard Magazine, Sept.Oct. 2002. Sept.Oct. 2002.

21. Dennis Toruish and Ashly Pinnington, "Transformational Leadership, Corporate Cultism, and the Spirituality Paradigm: An Unholy Trinity in the Workplace?" Human Relations Human Relations 55 (2002): 147. 55 (2002): 147.

22. Conlon, "Religion in the Workplace."

23. Gay Hendricks and Kate Ludeman, The Corporate Mystic: A Guidebook for Visionaries with Their Feet on the Ground The Corporate Mystic: A Guidebook for Visionaries with Their Feet on the Ground (New York: Bantam, 1996), xvii. (New York: Bantam, 1996), xvii.

24. Frank Rose and Wilton Woods, "A New Age for Business?" Fortune, Fortune, Oct. 8, 1990, 157. Oct. 8, 1990, 157.

25. Thompson, "Apocalypse Now."

26. Mark Gimein, "Now That We Live in a Tom Peters World . . . Has Tom Peters Gone Crazy?" Fortune Fortune, Nov. 13, 2000.

27. Jack Welch, with John A. Byrne, Jack: Straight from the Gut Jack: Straight from the Gut (New York: Business Plus, 2003), 436. (New York: Business Plus, 2003), 436.

28. Jeffrey E. Lewin and Wesley J. Johnston, "Compet.i.tiveness," Compet.i.tiveness Review Compet.i.tiveness Review, Jan. 1, 2000.

29. Louis Uchitelle, The Disposable American: Layoffs and Their Consequences The Disposable American: Layoffs and Their Consequences (New York: Knopf, 2006) (New York: Knopf, 2006), x. x.

30. Henry S. Farber, "What Do We Know about Job Loss in the United States? Evidence from the Displaced Workers' Survey, 19842005," Working Paper 498, Princeton University Industrial Relations Section, Jan. 5, 2005.